Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre kevin durant shoes
à 10:18 le 29 décembre 2020 
I intended to write you the tiny note so as to thank you as before for all the superb things you have discussed above. This is strangely generous of you to make unhampered what most people might have made available as an e book to end up making some profit for themselves, notably now that you might have done it if you desired. Those good tips as well acted as the great way to fully grasp that other people online have a similar keenness just like mine to see many more around this matter. I think there are a lot more enjoyable moments up front for those who discover your blog.
kevin durant shoes http://www.kd-shoes.us
Répondre kd shoes
à 10:18 le 29 décembre 2020 
I actually wanted to make a small note in order to express gratitude to you for all of the nice points you are writing on this website. My considerable internet research has at the end of the day been rewarded with extremely good facts to write about with my co-workers. I 'd suppose that most of us website visitors actually are definitely lucky to be in a perfect network with so many marvellous individuals with useful opinions. I feel somewhat lucky to have come across your entire weblog and look forward to plenty of more thrilling times reading here. Thanks a lot once more for everything.
kd shoes http://www.kevindurantshoes.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 10:18 le 29 décembre 2020 
My spouse and i felt now excited when Edward could do his web research because of the ideas he was given from your very own weblog. It is now and again perplexing to simply find yourself giving out strategies which usually some other people may have been making money from. And we figure out we have the blog owner to be grateful to because of that. The main explanations you made, the straightforward site navigation, the relationships your site help to engender - it's got mostly exceptional, and it's really making our son in addition to us know that that idea is exciting, which is seriously essential. Thanks for the whole lot!
golden goose http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.com
Répondre retro jordans
à 10:18 le 29 décembre 2020 
Thank you for your own effort on this web site. Ellie really loves making time for investigation and it's really simple to grasp why. Most people hear all about the powerful form you give helpful tips and tricks by means of this website and attract response from website visitors on that area so our favorite child is without a doubt discovering a lot. Enjoy the remaining portion of the year. Your conducting a really good job.
retro jordans http://www.retro-jordans.us.com
Répondre moncler
à 10:18 le 29 décembre 2020 
I actually wanted to type a word to be able to express gratitude to you for the fantastic instructions you are posting on this site. My considerable internet look up has finally been compensated with extremely good information to go over with my friends. I would point out that we visitors are rather fortunate to be in a fine place with so many marvellous people with helpful tips and hints. I feel quite privileged to have used your entire website and look forward to many more thrilling minutes reading here. Thanks again for everything.
moncler http://www.moncler--outlet.us.com
Répondre air jordans
à 10:20 le 29 décembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for each of your labor on this site. Kate delights in conducting research and it's obvious why. Most people know all about the dynamic means you deliver efficient tips via your web site and even strongly encourage contribution from the others on this issue plus our favorite girl is without question becoming educated a lot of things. Take pleasure in the rest of the year. You are doing a stunning job.
air jordans http://www.cheap-airjordans.us.com
Répondre kevin durant shoes
à 10:28 le 29 décembre 2020 
I'm just writing to let you understand of the outstanding encounter my wife's child went through browsing your web site. She realized many issues, which included what it's like to have a marvelous giving spirit to have most people very easily comprehend specific grueling subject matter. You actually surpassed people's desires. Thanks for producing the warm and helpful, healthy, explanatory and also easy tips on your topic to Mary.
kevin durant shoes http://www.kd10.us
Répondre moncler
à 10:29 le 29 décembre 2020 
I wish to get across my appreciation for your kind-heartedness for persons who need assistance with this issue. Your real dedication to passing the solution all-around became definitely effective and have frequently made guys and women like me to get to their desired goals. This insightful guide entails so much to me and still more to my office colleagues. Warm regards; from everyone of us.
moncler http://www.monclerjackets.us.org
Répondre off white hoodie
à 10:38 le 29 décembre 2020 
I want to express my thanks to this writer for bailing me out of this particular circumstance. Just after researching through the search engines and seeing things which are not pleasant, I thought my life was over. Existing minus the answers to the problems you've resolved by means of your short article is a serious case, as well as the ones which may have in a negative way affected my entire career if I had not discovered your web blog. Your good knowledge and kindness in handling almost everything was excellent. I don't know what I would've done if I had not come upon such a step like this. I can at this time look ahead to my future. Thanks very much for your impressive and sensible guide. I will not be reluctant to propose the sites to anybody who desires recommendations about this topic.
off white hoodie http://www.offwhitehoodies.us
Répondre off white
à 10:39 le 29 décembre 2020 
I would like to express appreciation to the writer just for rescuing me from such a instance. As a result of surfing around throughout the online world and coming across basics which are not helpful, I thought my life was well over. Being alive minus the approaches to the issues you've sorted out by means of your entire site is a serious case, and those that would have adversely damaged my entire career if I had not encountered your web site. Your own expertise and kindness in controlling everything was invaluable. I don't know what I would've done if I hadn't encountered such a step like this. I am able to now look forward to my future. Thanks for your time very much for the expert and effective guide. I won't be reluctant to refer your site to any individual who will need recommendations on this matter.
off white http://www.offwhiteoutlet.us.org
Répondre off white
à 10:58 le 29 décembre 2020 
My husband and i have been absolutely glad John managed to carry out his survey from the precious recommendations he came across from your very own web page. It's not at all simplistic just to happen to be making a gift of techniques which usually other folks may have been making money from. And we also figure out we've got you to appreciate because of that. The explanations you have made, the straightforward site navigation, the relationships you will aid to foster - it's many overwhelming, and it's making our son and our family recognize that that subject is enjoyable, and that's pretty mandatory. Many thanks for the whole thing!
off white http://www.offwhiteoutlet.us.org
Répondre bape
à 10:58 le 29 décembre 2020 
I'm writing to let you be aware of what a extraordinary discovery my wife's daughter had using your webblog. She noticed plenty of details, which included what it's like to possess an awesome helping style to have certain people quite simply master chosen specialized subject matter. You really did more than people's expectations. Thank you for offering the powerful, dependable, educational and in addition cool thoughts on your topic to Evelyn.
bape http://www.bathing-ape.us
Répondre stephen curry shoes
à 10:59 le 29 décembre 2020 
My spouse and i felt really glad when Albert could do his survey while using the ideas he acquired using your web site. It is now and again perplexing to simply find yourself handing out tips and tricks which a number of people might have been making money from. We do understand we have got the writer to be grateful to because of that. These illustrations you have made, the easy web site menu, the relationships you give support to engender - it's all astounding, and it's really assisting our son in addition to our family believe that this concept is cool, and that is pretty pressing. Many thanks for the whole lot!
stephen curry shoes http://www.stephencurry-shoes.us.com
Répondre jordan retro
à 11:00 le 29 décembre 2020 
My spouse and i ended up being glad when Edward could conclude his studies using the ideas he came across when using the web site. It is now and again perplexing to just happen to be freely giving information and facts which often many others have been trying to sell. We fully grasp we have the blog owner to appreciate for this. The explanations you made, the simple web site navigation, the friendships you can help to promote - it is many unbelievable, and it's making our son in addition to the family imagine that that subject matter is amusing, and that's pretty important. Many thanks for everything!
jordan retro http://www.jordan-retro.us.com
Répondre longchamp handbags
à 11:00 le 29 décembre 2020 
I definitely wanted to construct a small note to be able to thank you for the remarkable tips and tricks you are writing here. My long internet investigation has at the end been recognized with really good insight to talk about with my great friends. I 'd repeat that most of us site visitors actually are unequivocally fortunate to be in a fine website with many outstanding people with valuable solutions. I feel very happy to have used your web site and look forward to many more fabulous times reading here. Thank you once more for a lot of things.
longchamp handbags http://www.longchampshandbags.us.org
Répondre kenzo
à 11:00 le 29 décembre 2020 
I not to mention my guys appeared to be looking through the great secrets and techniques on your website and so unexpectedly developed a terrible feeling I had not expressed respect to the website owner for those techniques. All the young men had been so glad to study all of them and have now in truth been using those things. Many thanks for actually being indeed considerate as well as for using this sort of nice useful guides millions of individuals are really eager to discover. Our sincere regret for not saying thanks to you earlier.
kenzo http://www.kenzos.us
Répondre hermes
à 11:00 le 29 décembre 2020 
I'm also writing to make you be aware of of the incredible discovery our child obtained using your web page. She discovered a wide variety of issues, which include how it is like to possess a wonderful giving style to let many people completely thoroughly grasp various problematic subject areas. You undoubtedly surpassed my expectations. I appreciate you for delivering the precious, trusted, explanatory and even cool tips about the topic to Janet.
hermes http://www.hermes-handbags.us.com
Répondre yeezy 350
à 11:00 le 29 décembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for your own work on this website. My daughter enjoys conducting internet research and it is easy to see why. My partner and i know all of the compelling means you convey very helpful guides on the web blog and as well as welcome contribution from website visitors about this issue plus our favorite daughter has always been becoming educated a lot. Take pleasure in the rest of the year. You're conducting a really good job.
yeezy 350 http://www.yeezy350boostv2s.us
Répondre bape
à 11:00 le 29 décembre 2020 
I intended to write you this very small note to say thanks over again just for the nice tips you have featured on this site. It's simply incredibly generous of people like you to deliver without restraint precisely what many individuals could possibly have offered for an electronic book to help make some profit for their own end, principally seeing that you could have tried it in case you desired. The good ideas likewise worked to be a easy way to realize that most people have a similar interest the same as my personal own to figure out more when it comes to this problem. I believe there are a lot more fun times up front for many who looked over your website.
bape http://www.bapehoodie.us
Répondre kd 10
à 11:19 le 29 décembre 2020 
My husband and i have been really delighted when Edward could conclude his preliminary research through the ideas he got through your site. It is now and again perplexing to just possibly be giving freely thoughts which usually some people may have been trying to sell. Therefore we realize we now have you to appreciate for this. The specific explanations you have made, the simple blog menu, the friendships you aid to foster - it's everything fabulous, and it's aiding our son and our family imagine that the concept is exciting, and that's wonderfully fundamental. Thanks for all!
kd 10 http://www.kd10.us
0