Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre golden goose
à 20:37 le 28 décembre 2020 
I as well as my buddies were reading through the good guidelines located on your web blog while all of a sudden developed a terrible feeling I had not thanked the web blog owner for those tips. These men appeared to be as a result excited to read them and have very much been loving those things. We appreciate you actually being indeed helpful as well as for making a choice on this form of incredible things most people are really desperate to learn about. Our honest regret for not expressing gratitude to you earlier.
golden goose http://www.goldengoose-shoes.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 20:37 le 28 décembre 2020 
I and also my guys have been checking out the best strategies from the website and all of a sudden came up with an awful suspicion I had not thanked you for them. These guys became as a result joyful to study all of them and already have truly been loving those things. Appreciate your getting quite thoughtful and also for settling on this form of helpful subject matter most people are really desirous to be aware of. My honest apologies for not expressing gratitude to you sooner.
golden goose http://www.golden-gooses.com
Répondre bape
à 20:38 le 28 décembre 2020 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with remarkably nice opportunity to read critical reviews from this web site. It really is very beneficial and full of a good time for me personally and my office peers to search your website particularly 3 times every week to see the new items you have. Not to mention, I'm also certainly impressed with your eye-popping solutions you serve. Selected two points in this posting are honestly the simplest I've had.
bape http://www.bapehoodie.us
Répondre longchamp
à 20:46 le 28 décembre 2020 
I wanted to put you the little note so as to give many thanks as before with the great principles you've provided in this article. It is simply generous of you giving easily all many people could have distributed for an ebook in making some dough for themselves, mostly since you might have done it if you ever considered necessary. Those advice also worked as the easy way to be sure that other individuals have the same fervor similar to mine to figure out many more in terms of this issue. I am certain there are thousands of more enjoyable times up front for people who examine your site.
longchamp http://www.longchampshandbags.us.org
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 20:46 le 28 décembre 2020 
I definitely wanted to write a quick comment to appreciate you for the remarkable concepts you are showing at this website. My incredibly long internet search has at the end of the day been honored with beneficial facts and techniques to write about with my guests. I would assert that most of us visitors actually are unquestionably fortunate to exist in a wonderful place with many special people with beneficial methods. I feel extremely blessed to have seen the web pages and look forward to some more exciting moments reading here. Thanks once more for all the details.
golden goose sneakers http://www.golden-goose.us
Répondre supreme new york
à 20:46 le 28 décembre 2020 
I precisely wished to say thanks again. I do not know the things that I might have gone through in the absence of the basics documented by you over my concern. Entirely was a very horrifying scenario in my circumstances, nevertheless noticing a new professional mode you processed it forced me to weep over delight. Extremely happy for your advice and in addition hope that you are aware of an amazing job that you're providing training other individuals via a web site. Probably you haven't got to know all of us.
supreme new york http://www.supremenewyork.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 20:46 le 28 décembre 2020 
I simply wished to appreciate you once more. I am not sure the things I could possibly have undertaken without the type of points shared by you about such subject matter. This was a traumatic case for me, but encountering this skilled manner you dealt with it forced me to jump over delight. Extremely thankful for this help and thus expect you realize what a great job you are carrying out training men and women via a web site. I am certain you have never met all of us.
golden goose http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.org
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 20:47 le 28 décembre 2020 
Thank you so much for giving everyone a very superb possiblity to read in detail from this blog. It's always very nice plus packed with a good time for me and my office colleagues to search the blog at the least three times in 7 days to study the fresh things you have got. And definitely, I am also actually contented for the great tactics you serve. Selected 2 ideas in this posting are particularly the simplest I've had.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezy-v2.com
Répondre surpreme
à 20:47 le 28 décembre 2020 
I happen to be writing to let you know of the perfect discovery our girl encountered checking your site. She noticed a wide variety of details, most notably how it is like to possess a wonderful helping style to have most people without difficulty gain knowledge of a variety of problematic topics. You undoubtedly surpassed people's expectations. Many thanks for showing such good, healthy, revealing and easy guidance on that topic to Kate.
surpreme http://www.supreme.us.org
Répondre kyrie 6 shoes
à 20:47 le 28 décembre 2020 
I must show some thanks to you for rescuing me from such a crisis. Just after searching through the world wide web and obtaining things which are not powerful, I figured my entire life was done. Living without the strategies to the problems you have solved all through your main website is a crucial case, as well as the kind which might have adversely damaged my career if I hadn't noticed your site. Your main understanding and kindness in maneuvering every part was precious. I don't know what I would have done if I had not come across such a thing like this. I can also now look forward to my future. Thank you so much for the specialized and results-oriented guide. I won't be reluctant to propose the sites to anyone who should receive counselling on this subject.
kyrie 6 shoes http://www.kyrie-6.com
Répondre pandora jewelry
à 20:48 le 28 décembre 2020 
Thank you a lot for giving everyone an extremely brilliant possiblity to discover important secrets from this site. It is often very useful plus stuffed with amusement for me and my office co-workers to search the blog no less than thrice per week to see the newest stuff you have. Not to mention, I'm also actually contented for the exceptional knowledge served by you. Selected 1 points in this posting are truly the most efficient we've had.
pandora jewelry http://www.pandorasbracelet.us
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 20:56 le 28 décembre 2020 
I'm just writing to let you understand what a exceptional discovery our child encountered viewing your web page. She figured out a wide variety of things, with the inclusion of what it's like to have an excellent teaching character to make a number of people easily fully understand chosen advanced topics. You really did more than my expected results. I appreciate you for showing these priceless, safe, explanatory not to mention fun guidance on the topic to Sandra.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.adidasyeezyboost350.us.com
Répondre kevin durant shoes
à 21:12 le 28 décembre 2020 
I am glad for writing to let you understand of the amazing experience my child enjoyed going through your site. She realized too many issues, not to mention how it is like to possess a wonderful giving style to have the others clearly know various very confusing topics. You really exceeded visitors' expected results. Thanks for giving those warm and friendly, trusted, explanatory as well as unique tips about this topic to Lizeth.
kevin durant shoes http://www.kd-shoes.us
Répondre kobe
à 21:28 le 28 décembre 2020 
I together with my friends happened to be reading through the best hints on your web page while instantly developed an awful suspicion I never expressed respect to the web site owner for those secrets. All of the people were definitely for this reason happy to see them and now have clearly been having fun with those things. Many thanks for simply being well considerate and then for pick out variety of important subjects millions of individuals are really desperate to understand about. Our honest regret for not saying thanks to sooner.
kobe http://www.kobe.us.com
Répondre pg 1
à 21:43 le 28 décembre 2020 
I happen to be writing to let you understand of the brilliant encounter my cousin's princess enjoyed reading through your blog. She even learned too many issues, which include what it is like to possess an incredible giving mood to have most people with ease comprehend a number of problematic subject areas. You truly exceeded her expectations. Thanks for supplying those good, safe, educational and fun guidance on the topic to Sandra.
pg 1 http://www.paulgeorge.us.com
Répondre goyard
à 22:38 le 28 décembre 2020 
I precisely had to appreciate you once more. I'm not certain the things I would've sorted out in the absence of the entire creative concepts revealed by you about such a industry. It was before a real terrifying matter in my circumstances, but finding out a well-written approach you dealt with that made me to jump for gladness. I am happier for this service as well as expect you comprehend what an amazing job your are carrying out teaching the others through your web page. Most likely you haven't come across any of us.
goyard http://www.goyardhandbag.us
Répondre jordans
à 22:40 le 28 décembre 2020 
I would like to express my love for your kindness for men and women that actually need guidance on your question. Your personal dedication to getting the message all around turned out to be certainly informative and have surely allowed workers much like me to get to their goals. Your valuable publication can mean a great deal a person like me and still more to my fellow workers. Thanks a lot; from each one of us.
jordans http://www.jordanssneakers.us.com
Répondre curry
à 22:40 le 28 décembre 2020 
I as well as my guys happened to be looking through the great hints on the website and then suddenly I got a terrible suspicion I had not expressed respect to you for those tips. These young men were totally happy to read them and now have unquestionably been making the most of these things. Thank you for getting very accommodating and also for having this sort of ideal subject areas most people are really needing to be aware of. Our own honest regret for not expressing appreciation to you earlier.
curry http://www.curryshoes.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 22:40 le 28 décembre 2020 
I precisely needed to thank you so much yet again. I'm not certain the things that I would have gone through in the absence of the entire creative concepts revealed by you on such area. It seemed to be a very scary setting in my opinion, but being able to view a new skilled manner you processed the issue took me to cry over contentment. Now i'm happy for your information and in addition hope you find out what an amazing job that you're doing educating people today with the aid of your websites. Probably you've never met any of us.
supreme clothing http://www.supremehoodies.us
Répondre golden goose
à 22:40 le 28 décembre 2020 
I precisely needed to say thanks again. I am not sure the things that I would've followed without the actual aspects discussed by you over such a topic. It was before an absolute frightening difficulty in my position, nevertheless witnessing your expert fashion you resolved the issue forced me to leap over gladness. I am just happy for the assistance and even expect you comprehend what a great job you are accomplishing teaching people using a site. I know that you've never met any of us.
golden goose http://www.goldengooseofficial.com
0