Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre bape hoodie
à 16:42 le 26 décembre 2020 
I wanted to send a brief remark to be able to say thanks to you for the lovely suggestions you are writing at this site. My incredibly long internet research has now been recognized with pleasant facts and techniques to write about with my family. I 'd assume that many of us readers actually are very fortunate to be in a wonderful website with so many lovely individuals with useful opinions. I feel extremely happy to have seen your entire site and look forward to some more enjoyable moments reading here. Thanks once more for everything.
bape hoodie http://www.bapehoodie.us
Répondre jordan shoes
à 16:42 le 26 décembre 2020 
I precisely wished to say thanks yet again. I do not know the things that I could possibly have created in the absence of these strategies documented by you relating to that topic. This was a distressing crisis for me personally, but finding out the very expert way you treated it forced me to weep over fulfillment. I will be happy for this advice and thus pray you are aware of a great job that you're accomplishing training others thru your web blog. I'm certain you've never encountered any of us.
jordan shoes http://www.shoesjordan.us.com
Répondre kawhi leonard shoes
à 16:42 le 26 décembre 2020 
I simply wished to thank you so much once again. I'm not certain what I would've used in the absence of the actual opinions revealed by you concerning that concern. Previously it was a terrifying concern for me, but finding out a new expert style you handled the issue made me to leap over fulfillment. Now i'm grateful for your information and as well , hope you comprehend what an amazing job that you're accomplishing instructing people today with the aid of your websites. Most probably you haven't got to know all of us.
kawhi leonard shoes http://www.kawhileonardshoes.us
Répondre bape clothing
à 16:42 le 26 décembre 2020 
I am glad for writing to let you understand what a impressive experience my cousin's princess enjoyed checking the blog. She came to find too many pieces, which included what it is like to have a wonderful giving mindset to make other folks effortlessly know just exactly a number of specialized topics. You actually exceeded my expectations. Many thanks for distributing such valuable, healthy, explanatory not to mention cool guidance on your topic to Gloria.
bape clothing http://www.bapes.us.org
Répondre moncler outlet
à 16:42 le 26 décembre 2020 
I precisely needed to say thanks all over again. I'm not certain the things I would have gone through without those tricks discussed by you over that theme. This was a very frightful dilemma in my view, but understanding your expert strategy you managed that made me to jump with gladness. I will be happy for your advice and as well , expect you are aware of an amazing job that you're undertaking training others through your websites. I am sure you have never encountered any of us.
moncler outlet http://www.moncler--outlet.us.com
Répondre calvin klein
à 16:42 le 26 décembre 2020 
Needed to compose you one little note to help say thanks a lot again with your amazing techniques you've provided in this case. It has been really strangely generous with people like you to provide extensively precisely what most of us would've offered as an e-book to help with making some bucks for their own end, primarily since you could possibly have done it in the event you desired. The tactics as well worked to be a great way to be aware that the rest have the same passion just like my very own to know the truth a whole lot more in regard to this condition. I'm certain there are thousands of more pleasant opportunities in the future for those who scan through your site.
calvin klein http://www.calvinkleinoutlet.us.com
Répondre supreme outlet
à 16:43 le 26 décembre 2020 
My spouse and i got so excited that Jordan managed to finish off his analysis from the ideas he made while using the blog. It is now and again perplexing just to happen to be freely giving key points that many most people have been selling. Therefore we acknowledge we've got the blog owner to be grateful to because of that. The entire explanations you've made, the simple site navigation, the relationships you make it possible to foster - it's mostly astonishing, and it is leading our son and the family reason why that content is pleasurable, and that is pretty serious. Many thanks for all the pieces!
supreme outlet http://www.supremeclothingstore.com
Répondre longchamp bags
à 16:48 le 26 décembre 2020 
I just wanted to send a brief note to say thanks to you for all the wonderful strategies you are placing on this site. My rather long internet lookup has at the end of the day been rewarded with extremely good insight to go over with my contacts. I would believe that many of us website visitors are definitely blessed to dwell in a fine community with very many wonderful people with good strategies. I feel rather lucky to have come across the website page and look forward to really more entertaining times reading here. Thanks once more for everything.
longchamp bags http://www.longchampshandbags.us
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 16:55 le 26 décembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for all your valuable labor on this web page. My daughter really likes setting aside time for internet research and it is obvious why. All of us hear all of the powerful tactic you give great tips and hints by means of the web blog and in addition boost response from other individuals on this subject then our favorite princess has been studying so much. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the new year. Your carrying out a glorious job.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengooseoutletstore.com
Répondre yeezy 350
à 17:07 le 26 décembre 2020 
I wish to show my passion for your kindness supporting women who need guidance on the study. Your very own dedication to getting the solution up and down appeared to be surprisingly good and has consistently enabled associates like me to attain their ambitions. The informative help and advice entails a great deal to me and further more to my peers. Many thanks; from all of us.
yeezy 350 http://www.yeezy350boostv2s.us
Répondre longchamp outlet
à 17:23 le 26 décembre 2020 
I would like to show some appreciation to you just for bailing me out of this particular difficulty. Because of exploring throughout the online world and obtaining tips that were not pleasant, I figured my entire life was well over. Living without the presence of answers to the difficulties you have fixed by means of the guide is a serious case, and the kind that could have badly damaged my entire career if I had not encountered the blog. Your primary expertise and kindness in dealing with all things was precious. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not encountered such a subject like this. I can also at this time look ahead to my future. Thank you very much for your impressive and sensible help. I won't think twice to endorse your blog post to anybody who wants and needs direction on this problem.
longchamp outlet http://www.longchampoutlets.us
Répondre curry shoes
à 17:35 le 26 décembre 2020 
I want to voice my admiration for your kind-heartedness in support of men who require assistance with this important topic. Your real commitment to passing the solution all through turned out to be pretty advantageous and have consistently made people just like me to reach their goals. Your entire important tips and hints means a lot a person like me and even more to my mates. Best wishes; from everyone of us.
curry shoes http://www.curry-6.us
Répondre supreme
à 18:09 le 26 décembre 2020 
I am just commenting to make you know what a awesome discovery my cousin's daughter went through checking your site. She noticed a good number of pieces, most notably how it is like to have an ideal teaching style to have the rest without problems learn certain hard to do matters. You truly did more than our desires. Many thanks for delivering such warm and helpful, trusted, explanatory and in addition fun tips on this topic to Gloria.
supreme http://www.supremesclothing.us.org
Répondre moncler coat
à 18:09 le 26 décembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone remarkably wonderful chance to read in detail from this site. It can be so awesome plus jam-packed with amusement for me personally and my office colleagues to visit your blog nearly 3 times every week to study the new tips you will have. Of course, I'm just certainly fascinated with the eye-popping suggestions you serve. Selected 4 tips in this post are unquestionably the very best I have had.
moncler coat http://www.monclercoat.us.com
Répondre yeezy
à 18:09 le 26 décembre 2020 
My wife and i ended up being quite comfortable Ervin could round up his survey with the precious recommendations he acquired out of the web page. It's not at all simplistic to simply be giving freely helpful tips which usually others could have been selling. And we all recognize we have got you to appreciate because of that. The most important illustrations you made, the straightforward website navigation, the friendships you can give support to create - it is everything astounding, and it's really aiding our son in addition to our family understand the content is satisfying, and that's pretty essential. Thanks for all the pieces!
yeezy http://www.yeezy350boost.us.com
Répondre hermes belts
à 18:10 le 26 décembre 2020 
I truly wanted to make a simple remark to be able to express gratitude to you for these great advice you are placing at this website. My time-consuming internet look up has at the end of the day been recognized with pleasant know-how to go over with my companions. I 'd assume that we readers actually are undeniably endowed to exist in a great website with many marvellous people with very beneficial points. I feel truly lucky to have seen your entire weblog and look forward to so many more fun times reading here. Thanks once more for all the details.
hermes belts http://www.hermesbelts.com
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 18:10 le 26 décembre 2020 
I really wanted to make a small note in order to appreciate you for these pleasant recommendations you are placing on this website. My considerable internet investigation has at the end been recognized with really good insight to share with my classmates and friends. I 'd express that many of us website visitors actually are definitely endowed to dwell in a magnificent place with very many marvellous people with beneficial plans. I feel somewhat fortunate to have discovered your web page and look forward to many more exciting minutes reading here. Thank you once more for everything.
golden goose sneakers http://www.golden-goose.us
Répondre lebron james shoes
à 18:10 le 26 décembre 2020 
I must express my thanks to the writer for bailing me out of this type of incident. Because of exploring through the the web and meeting strategies that were not pleasant, I assumed my life was done. Being alive devoid of the approaches to the problems you have sorted out by means of your short post is a crucial case, and the kind that might have in a negative way damaged my entire career if I hadn't discovered the website. Your capability and kindness in touching all areas was very useful. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't discovered such a stuff like this. I am able to at this time look forward to my future. Thanks for your time very much for the specialized and amazing help. I will not think twice to suggest your site to anyone who wants and needs tips about this matter.
lebron james shoes http://www.lebron18.net
Répondre birkin bag
à 18:12 le 26 décembre 2020 
I must voice my respect for your generosity in support of men and women who really want help on this important theme. Your real dedication to getting the solution around turned out to be exceptionally practical and have continually permitted some individuals like me to reach their dreams. Your own insightful recommendations signifies a great deal to me and a whole lot more to my mates. Best wishes; from all of us.
birkin bag http://www.hermesbirkinbags.us.com
Répondre curry 6
à 18:12 le 26 décembre 2020 
My spouse and i were really thrilled when Albert could do his homework through the entire ideas he came across while using the blog. It is now and again perplexing just to choose to be giving out information most people might have been making money from. We really discover we've got the blog owner to thank for that. Most of the illustrations you've made, the straightforward site navigation, the relationships you will help foster - it's got most spectacular, and it is leading our son in addition to us recognize that that situation is entertaining, and that's extraordinarily serious. Thanks for the whole thing!
curry 6 http://www.curry6.net
0