Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre chrome hearts
à 9:40 le 26 décembre 2020 
I am glad for commenting to let you know of the brilliant encounter my cousin's child gained browsing yuor web blog. She realized such a lot of things, including what it is like to have a very effective teaching heart to have others with no trouble learn several hard to do subject areas. You truly exceeded our own expectations. Thanks for providing those helpful, trustworthy, informative and in addition unique tips about your topic to Julie.
chrome hearts http://www.chromehearts.com.co
Répondre lebron 15
à 9:53 le 26 décembre 2020 
I would like to point out my admiration for your kind-heartedness giving support to folks that absolutely need help on this concern. Your real dedication to passing the solution across appeared to be exceptionally advantageous and has all the time enabled many people like me to arrive at their objectives. Your own warm and friendly suggestions denotes much a person like me and a whole lot more to my colleagues. Thanks a lot; from each one of us.
lebron 15 http://www.lebron15.net
Répondre supreme clothing
à 10:42 le 26 décembre 2020 
Thank you so much for providing individuals with remarkably spectacular possiblity to read articles and blog posts from this blog. It can be very great and full of amusement for me and my office friends to visit your site particularly three times in a week to find out the newest items you have got. And definitely, I'm actually satisfied considering the spectacular tips and hints served by you. Selected 4 points in this article are truly the most impressive I have had.
supreme clothing http://www.supremenewyork.us.com
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 11:09 le 26 décembre 2020 
I as well as my buddies were reviewing the excellent tips and tricks located on your web blog and so then I had an awful suspicion I had not thanked the site owner for those tips. Most of the boys happened to be consequently excited to learn them and have simply been using them. Thanks for getting indeed helpful and for picking out such useful topics most people are really eager to learn about. Our honest regret for not expressing gratitude to you sooner.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.org
Répondre birkin bag
à 11:33 le 26 décembre 2020 
I wanted to put you that tiny observation to finally say thanks a lot over again for those wonderful tricks you've shared at this time. This is quite seriously generous with people like you in giving unreservedly all numerous people could have supplied as an ebook to make some money for themselves, certainly since you could have tried it if you ever decided. Those strategies additionally worked to be the good way to recognize that many people have a similar dreams like my personal own to understand many more in respect of this problem. I am sure there are numerous more fun occasions up front for people who view your blog post.
birkin bag http://www.hermesbirkinbags.us.com
Répondre jordan 13
à 12:26 le 26 décembre 2020 
I'm also commenting to make you understand what a exceptional discovery my cousin's princess encountered using your web page. She picked up too many issues, which include what it is like to have an excellent coaching mood to get the rest easily know specific grueling subject areas. You actually did more than readers' expectations. Thank you for supplying those necessary, trusted, informative as well as fun tips on your topic to Tanya.
jordan 13 http://www.jordan13.us.com
Répondre hermes handbags
à 12:43 le 26 décembre 2020 
Thanks for your own efforts on this blog. Kate delights in carrying out investigation and it's really simple to grasp why. We all notice all relating to the lively form you offer functional guidance via your website and as well increase contribution from other people on the point then our own princess is always starting to learn a lot of things. Enjoy the remaining portion of the year. You're the one carrying out a great job.
hermes handbags http://www.hermes-handbags.us.com
Répondre curry 8
à 12:44 le 26 décembre 2020 
Thanks for all your valuable work on this blog. My mother takes pleasure in engaging in investigations and it's easy to understand why. Most people know all of the dynamic medium you convey valuable tips and tricks by means of your blog and in addition recommend participation from other individuals about this concept so my simple princess has always been studying a lot. Take pleasure in the rest of the year. You're the one carrying out a terrific job.
curry 8 http://www.curry8.us
Répondre yeezy boost 500
à 13:18 le 26 décembre 2020 
I needed to create you one bit of note so as to give thanks the moment again over the striking things you've contributed on this website. It was certainly open-handed of people like you to allow freely what a number of people could possibly have offered for an e-book in order to make some cash for their own end, certainly seeing that you could have done it in case you decided. These good ideas as well served like the great way to be certain that the rest have the same keenness much like my personal own to learn more with respect to this problem. I know there are many more pleasurable occasions in the future for many who examine your website.
yeezy boost 500 http://www.yeezy-500.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 13:25 le 26 décembre 2020 
I and my friends were found to be taking note of the best strategies on your web page then before long came up with a horrible feeling I had not thanked the site owner for them. Those guys appeared to be as a consequence happy to read them and have quite simply been loving them. Appreciate your turning out to be well kind as well as for picking out some fabulous guides most people are really eager to learn about. My sincere regret for not expressing gratitude to you earlier.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothings.us.com
Répondre supreme
à 13:27 le 26 décembre 2020 
My wife and i have been quite thankful Albert managed to finish up his survey from the ideas he had using your weblog. It is now and again perplexing to simply find yourself handing out instructions which some others have been making money from. And we consider we've got the writer to give thanks to because of that. Those explanations you made, the straightforward website navigation, the friendships your site make it easier to foster - it is all fantastic, and it's letting our son in addition to us imagine that the article is satisfying, and that's extraordinarily serious. Many thanks for the whole lot!
supreme http://www.supremes.us.org
Répondre air jordan
à 13:43 le 26 décembre 2020 
I wish to express some thanks to you just for rescuing me from this type of problem. As a result of researching through the internet and finding techniques which are not powerful, I thought my entire life was well over. Being alive without the strategies to the problems you've sorted out all through your good site is a serious case, and the kind that could have in a negative way damaged my career if I hadn't discovered your blog. Your primary knowledge and kindness in playing with all the pieces was important. I don't know what I would've done if I hadn't encountered such a step like this. I can at this moment relish my future. Thanks for your time very much for this high quality and amazing help. I won't think twice to refer your site to any individual who desires direction about this issue.
air jordan http://www.jordanstoreonline.com
Répondre bape
à 13:44 le 26 décembre 2020 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with an exceptionally breathtaking opportunity to read critical reviews from this site. It is often so amazing plus packed with a great time for me personally and my office co-workers to visit your website at least 3 times per week to find out the new stuff you have. Not to mention, I'm so at all times happy with the unbelievable opinions you give. Selected 2 tips in this post are essentially the most suitable I have had.
bape http://www.bapesonline.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 13:44 le 26 décembre 2020 
I must voice my gratitude for your generosity giving support to those individuals that have the need for assistance with your idea. Your real dedication to getting the message up and down became exceedingly valuable and has consistently allowed somebody much like me to reach their pursuits. The interesting key points signifies a whole lot to me and still more to my peers. Warm regards; from all of us.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes-clothing.com
Répondre golden goose
à 13:45 le 26 décembre 2020 
I happen to be writing to make you be aware of of the exceptional discovery my cousin's daughter found reading through your blog. She came to find a lot of issues, which include how it is like to possess an incredible coaching style to let folks smoothly learn some advanced subject areas. You truly exceeded our own expected results. I appreciate you for producing the important, dependable, informative and as well as easy tips on this topic to Julie.
golden goose http://www.goldengooseofficial.com
Répondre curry 6
à 13:46 le 26 décembre 2020 
I wish to express thanks to the writer for bailing me out of this difficulty. Because of checking through the world-wide-web and seeing methods which are not powerful, I assumed my entire life was done. Being alive without the solutions to the problems you've solved all through the website is a critical case, as well as those which could have negatively damaged my entire career if I hadn't discovered your website. The expertise and kindness in playing with a lot of things was helpful. I don't know what I would have done if I had not come across such a subject like this. I can also at this point look forward to my future. Thanks a lot so much for the reliable and amazing guide. I will not be reluctant to suggest your web blog to any individual who will need care about this situation.
curry 6 http://www.curry6shoes.us
Répondre air jordans
à 13:50 le 26 décembre 2020 
I simply needed to thank you so much yet again. I'm not certain the things that I could possibly have taken care of without the entire aspects documented by you regarding that area of interest. This has been the traumatic problem in my position, however , looking at your skilled fashion you treated it made me to leap for contentment. I am grateful for this service and as well , believe you realize what a great job you have been providing training many people through the use of a blog. Most probably you've never encountered any of us.
air jordans http://www.cheap-airjordans.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 13:51 le 26 décembre 2020 
I would like to convey my gratitude for your kind-heartedness for persons that actually need guidance on your topic. Your very own dedication to getting the message all through came to be exceedingly important and has really helped individuals just like me to get to their aims. Your amazing important tutorial means so much a person like me and especially to my office colleagues. Warm regards; from all of us.
golden goose http://www.golden-gooses.com
Répondre pandora
à 14:34 le 26 décembre 2020 
I am commenting to make you understand of the cool experience my wife's princess obtained checking your webblog. She came to understand lots of issues, including what it's like to possess an awesome teaching character to let the mediocre ones without hassle comprehend specified problematic things. You actually did more than our own expected results. I appreciate you for delivering the good, trusted, explanatory as well as unique tips about the topic to Janet.
pandora http://www.pandora-jewelrys.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 14:58 le 26 décembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of each of your efforts on this website. My daughter takes pleasure in going through investigations and it's simple to grasp why. My spouse and i notice all relating to the powerful ways you render valuable guidance via the web site and welcome contribution from other ones about this matter plus our daughter is really becoming educated a lot. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the new year. You're carrying out a useful job.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes-clothing.com
0