Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre bape
à 21:09 le 24 décembre 2020 
I simply wanted to say thanks all over again. I'm not certain what I could possibly have taken care of in the absence of the entire concepts shown by you about my area of interest. It had become a real distressing difficulty for me, but noticing the professional avenue you processed the issue forced me to cry with contentment. I am happier for the support and in addition trust you know what a great job you were carrying out instructing most people through your web blog. I am sure you haven't got to know all of us.
bape http://www.bapehoodie.us
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 21:34 le 24 décembre 2020 
I not to mention my friends appeared to be following the best procedures from your web site and then the sudden I got a horrible suspicion I had not expressed respect to the web site owner for those secrets. The guys were passionate to see them and have in effect really been making the most of them. I appreciate you for being so helpful and also for picking this sort of excellent information most people are really wanting to know about. My very own sincere apologies for not expressing gratitude to sooner.
yeezy shoes http://www.adidasyeezyshoes.com
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 21:37 le 24 décembre 2020 
Needed to create you a very small note to thank you once again for all the stunning strategies you've contributed at this time. It was so tremendously generous of people like you to convey without restraint precisely what many people might have offered for sale as an e-book to help make some dough for their own end, specifically since you could have done it in the event you desired. The solutions in addition worked as the good way to be sure that other people online have similar desire similar to mine to realize great deal more related to this problem. I think there are a lot more pleasant sessions ahead for people who scan through your website.
supreme hoodie http://www.supremehoodies.us
Répondre yeezys
à 21:38 le 24 décembre 2020 
I actually wanted to post a brief note so as to thank you for those unique points you are sharing on this site. My extended internet search has now been compensated with reliable facts to exchange with my good friends. I 'd claim that most of us website visitors actually are quite endowed to exist in a perfect website with many marvellous professionals with great opinions. I feel really grateful to have seen the webpages and look forward to so many more pleasurable minutes reading here. Thanks once again for everything.
yeezys http://www.yeezyshoes.in.net
Répondre pandora
à 21:38 le 24 décembre 2020 
I precisely needed to thank you very much all over again. I do not know the things that I could possibly have handled without the entire advice provided by you directly on my theme. This has been an absolute frustrating case for me personally, nevertheless coming across this professional tactic you dealt with the issue took me to weep with contentment. I'm just thankful for your advice as well as hope that you find out what a great job that you are undertaking educating men and women all through a site. Most probably you have never encountered all of us.
pandora http://www.pandora-jewelrys.us.com
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 21:39 le 24 décembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for your whole hard work on this website. Ellie delights in managing investigation and it's really easy to see why. Most people notice all relating to the compelling form you convey priceless tricks on this website and even improve contribution from people on the subject matter while our favorite girl is certainly studying so much. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the new year. You are doing a useful job.
supreme hoodie http://www.supremes-clothing.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 21:39 le 24 décembre 2020 
My spouse and i were absolutely cheerful that Michael managed to do his web research using the precious recommendations he acquired using your web page. It is now and again perplexing to just happen to be giving away tricks some people might have been trying to sell. Therefore we see we need the website owner to give thanks to because of that. The type of illustrations you have made, the easy blog menu, the friendships you give support to create - it's got all spectacular, and it's really assisting our son in addition to the family reason why that article is pleasurable, and that's wonderfully pressing. Thanks for everything!
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezysus.com
Répondre golden goose
à 21:40 le 24 décembre 2020 
My wife and i got now happy Albert managed to conclude his analysis because of the precious recommendations he came across using your site. It is now and again perplexing to just choose to be offering points which often the others have been selling. Therefore we figure out we now have the writer to be grateful to for this. The main explanations you've made, the straightforward web site navigation, the relationships you can make it easier to foster - it is everything astounding, and it's helping our son in addition to the family imagine that the theme is exciting, and that's exceptionally fundamental. Thank you for everything!
golden goose http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.org
Répondre kyrie 7 shoes
à 21:40 le 24 décembre 2020 
I wish to show some thanks to you just for rescuing me from such a instance. After looking out through the internet and seeing tricks that were not beneficial, I thought my life was done. Being alive minus the approaches to the problems you've sorted out as a result of your main website is a critical case, and those which may have badly damaged my entire career if I hadn't encountered your web page. Your personal knowledge and kindness in taking care of all areas was valuable. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't discovered such a thing like this. I can also at this moment relish my future. Thanks very much for your impressive and result oriented help. I won't think twice to recommend the website to anyone who will need support about this topic.
kyrie 7 shoes http://www.kyrie7.us
Répondre canada goose
à 21:43 le 24 décembre 2020 
My husband and i felt quite fortunate John managed to round up his inquiry through your precious recommendations he gained using your blog. It's not at all simplistic to just choose to be giving out secrets which often men and women might have been making money from. And now we fully grasp we've got the writer to appreciate for this. The main illustrations you made, the simple website navigation, the friendships you can assist to engender - it's got many overwhelming, and it is aiding our son in addition to the family know that the concept is entertaining, and that's pretty essential. Thank you for all the pieces!
canada goose http://www.canadagoosesoutlet.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 21:57 le 24 décembre 2020 
I have to get across my admiration for your kind-heartedness giving support to folks who really need help on this topic. Your special dedication to passing the message along ended up being pretty beneficial and have all the time allowed people like me to arrive at their goals. Your interesting facts denotes a whole lot a person like me and especially to my mates. Thank you; from each one of us.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothings.com
Répondre pandora jewelry
à 22:12 le 24 décembre 2020 
Thank you for all of your work on this blog. Kim really likes managing research and it's really obvious why. Most people notice all relating to the compelling tactic you render reliable items through your web blog and recommend contribution from others on that subject matter while my child is truly studying a great deal. Enjoy the remaining portion of the new year. Your performing a terrific job.
pandora jewelry http://www.pandorasjewelry.us
Répondre birkin bag
à 22:24 le 24 décembre 2020 
I must express my gratitude for your generosity in support of individuals who actually need help on your theme. Your very own dedication to getting the solution all-around has been especially advantageous and has frequently empowered regular people much like me to arrive at their goals. The useful key points can mean a lot to me and further more to my fellow workers. Best wishes; from everyone of us.
birkin bag http://www.hermesonlineshop.com
Répondre off white jordan 1
à 22:24 le 24 décembre 2020 
I wish to express my appreciation to you just for rescuing me from this particular condition. After searching through the world-wide-web and getting tricks which are not helpful, I thought my life was well over. Existing without the presence of solutions to the issues you have sorted out through this guideline is a serious case, as well as those that could have in a wrong way damaged my entire career if I had not come across the blog. Your ability and kindness in controlling all the stuff was priceless. I am not sure what I would've done if I hadn't come across such a step like this. It's possible to at this time relish my future. Thanks a lot very much for the specialized and amazing guide. I won't hesitate to endorse the sites to anybody who requires guidelines on this problem.
off white jordan 1 http://www.offwhite.us.com
Répondre kd shoes
à 22:25 le 24 décembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for all of your labor on this site. Kim takes pleasure in participating in research and it's easy to understand why. A number of us learn all relating to the lively means you produce reliable secrets through this website and even foster participation from the others about this area of interest so our princess is now becoming educated so much. Enjoy the remaining portion of the new year. Your conducting a stunning job.
kd shoes http://www.kd-shoes.us
Répondre hermes handbags
à 22:52 le 24 décembre 2020 
I would like to show my thanks to the writer for rescuing me from such a scenario. After checking throughout the the web and finding recommendations that were not productive, I figured my entire life was well over. Being alive minus the answers to the problems you've sorted out all through this guide is a serious case, and ones that would have negatively affected my career if I hadn't noticed your blog. Your personal talents and kindness in dealing with the whole thing was useful. I am not sure what I would've done if I had not come upon such a solution like this. I'm able to at this point relish my future. Thanks so much for this professional and effective guide. I won't hesitate to suggest your web page to anybody who requires guidelines about this subject matter.
hermes handbags http://www.hermes-handbags.us.com
Répondre lebron shoes
à 22:53 le 24 décembre 2020 
I must show my thanks to this writer just for bailing me out of such a setting. After researching throughout the online world and finding ideas which are not powerful, I was thinking my life was gone. Existing minus the approaches to the problems you've resolved as a result of your main website is a serious case, as well as the ones that could have in a negative way affected my career if I had not encountered the website. Your personal expertise and kindness in dealing with all the pieces was priceless. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not come across such a thing like this. I can at this time look forward to my future. Thanks a lot very much for your impressive and amazing help. I won't be reluctant to endorse the blog to any person who wants and needs direction on this issue.
lebron shoes http://www.lebronjames-shoes.us.com
Répondre lebron 16
à 22:53 le 24 décembre 2020 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with an exceptionally superb chance to read critical reviews from this site. It can be so ideal and as well , stuffed with a good time for me personally and my office mates to search the blog a minimum of 3 times weekly to see the latest guides you have got. Not to mention, I'm just actually motivated with the tremendous tricks you serve. Some 3 points on this page are indeed the most efficient I've had.
lebron 16 http://www.lebron16.us
Répondre jordan shoes
à 22:53 le 24 décembre 2020 
I am glad for writing to let you understand of the excellent experience my princess undergone using your web page. She noticed such a lot of issues, most notably what it's like to possess an incredible helping nature to make folks with ease comprehend specific tortuous issues. You actually did more than our own expectations. Many thanks for supplying those warm and helpful, trustworthy, explanatory as well as easy thoughts on that topic to Ethel.
jordan shoes http://www.jordan6.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 22:53 le 24 décembre 2020 
I simply wished to thank you very much all over again. I am not sure the things I would've taken care of in the absence of the type of creative concepts shared by you relating to such area. Certainly was a alarming difficulty in my opinion, but being able to view a professional fashion you treated that made me to jump over happiness. I'm happy for your assistance and in addition trust you comprehend what a great job that you're putting in instructing the mediocre ones through the use of your web site. Most likely you've never met any of us.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes-clothing.com
0