Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre jordan retro
à 9:51 le 23 décembre 2020 
Thanks for each of your efforts on this website. My aunt really loves doing investigations and it is easy to see why. Many of us hear all concerning the lively means you give simple steps by means of your web site and even welcome participation from some other people on that theme while our favorite simple princess is truly being taught a lot of things. Have fun with the remaining portion of the new year. Your performing a really good job.
jordan retro http://www.jordan-retro.us.com
Répondre moncler
à 10:05 le 23 décembre 2020 
I would like to express thanks to the writer for bailing me out of this instance. As a result of exploring throughout the internet and coming across principles which are not powerful, I thought my life was over. Being alive devoid of the solutions to the issues you've sorted out through your good posting is a serious case, as well as those which may have adversely damaged my entire career if I hadn't come across the website. Your good natural talent and kindness in controlling a lot of things was useful. I don't know what I would've done if I hadn't come upon such a point like this. I'm able to at this point relish my future. Thanks a lot very much for the reliable and effective help. I won't think twice to refer your web page to anyone who ought to have tips about this area.
moncler http://www.monclerjackets.us.org
Répondre golden goose shoes
à 10:44 le 23 décembre 2020 
My wife and i got absolutely fortunate Jordan managed to do his preliminary research through your precious recommendations he grabbed using your site. It's not at all simplistic to just happen to be giving for free guidelines some others have been trying to sell. And we do know we need you to thank for that. Those illustrations you have made, the easy website navigation, the friendships you can assist to foster - it's many amazing, and it is facilitating our son in addition to our family believe that this situation is exciting, which is certainly truly mandatory. Thanks for all!
golden goose shoes http://www.goldengoose-shoes.us.com
Répondre pg 1
à 10:47 le 23 décembre 2020 
I just wanted to write down a simple note to be able to say thanks to you for all the pleasant tips and tricks you are showing on this website. My extensive internet search has now been honored with excellent facts and techniques to share with my colleagues. I 'd suppose that most of us website visitors actually are really lucky to dwell in a really good place with very many awesome people with valuable techniques. I feel somewhat privileged to have used your site and look forward to really more excellent minutes reading here. Thanks a lot once again for all the details.
pg 1 http://www.paulgeorgeshoes.us.com
Répondre off white outlet
à 11:04 le 23 décembre 2020 
My spouse and i ended up being fulfilled when Peter could do his investigation via the precious recommendations he made in your blog. It's not at all simplistic to just be handing out tips and tricks which often many others have been selling. And we all fully grasp we now have you to be grateful to for this. All the explanations you have made, the straightforward website menu, the relationships you can make it possible to engender - it's got all fabulous, and it's letting our son in addition to our family do think the issue is enjoyable, which is quite mandatory. Thanks for the whole lot!
off white outlet http://www.offwhiteoutlet.us.org
Répondre jordan 6
à 11:05 le 23 décembre 2020 
I have to show my thanks to the writer for bailing me out of this particular predicament. As a result of scouting throughout the world-wide-web and getting opinions which are not beneficial, I believed my life was over. Living without the presence of approaches to the issues you've sorted out as a result of your entire site is a crucial case, as well as ones which might have negatively affected my entire career if I hadn't come across your web site. Your actual understanding and kindness in controlling all the things was important. I'm not sure what I would have done if I hadn't encountered such a step like this. It's possible to at this moment relish my future. Thank you so much for this high quality and effective guide. I won't think twice to refer your blog post to anyone who should have care about this matter.
jordan 6 http://www.jordan6.us.com
Répondre pandora jewelry
à 11:26 le 23 décembre 2020 
I would like to express my appreciation to this writer for bailing me out of such a dilemma. As a result of browsing throughout the internet and meeting notions that were not helpful, I figured my life was gone. Being alive minus the strategies to the problems you have sorted out by means of your entire post is a critical case, as well as those that would have in a wrong way affected my entire career if I hadn't discovered your blog post. The ability and kindness in taking care of every aspect was vital. I don't know what I would have done if I hadn't discovered such a step like this. I can also at this point relish my future. Thanks for your time so much for this high quality and result oriented help. I will not think twice to recommend your site to anyone who requires care on this subject.
pandora jewelry http://www.pandorascharms.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 11:26 le 23 décembre 2020 
I precisely needed to appreciate you once more. I am not sure what I would've handled in the absence of the type of tricks provided by you concerning that industry. This has been a very distressing concern for me, but witnessing a specialised mode you handled that forced me to cry over gladness. I will be happier for this advice and then expect you know what a great job you happen to be carrying out teaching many people through the use of your web blog. I know that you've never encountered all of us.
supreme clothing http://www.supremesonline.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 11:26 le 23 décembre 2020 
I would like to show my admiration for your generosity for men and women who really want help on this study. Your very own dedication to passing the message up and down became astonishingly informative and have frequently allowed women much like me to realize their targets. The useful publication denotes much to me and a whole lot more to my office workers. With thanks; from everyone of us.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothingsstore.com
Répondre yeezy 350
à 11:26 le 23 décembre 2020 
Thank you so much for providing individuals with a very spectacular opportunity to read from this site. It is usually very terrific and full of a good time for me personally and my office mates to visit your site on the least 3 times every week to study the latest stuff you will have. And definitely, we are always contented with all the mind-blowing creative ideas you serve. Certain 4 areas on this page are surely the best I've ever had.
yeezy 350 http://www.yeezyboost350v2s.us
Répondre calvin klein outlet
à 11:27 le 23 décembre 2020 
I'm also commenting to make you know of the awesome experience my friend's girl gained viewing your site. She figured out numerous pieces, which included what it is like to possess an amazing teaching mood to make many others with ease know precisely certain multifaceted matters. You truly did more than our own desires. Thank you for giving such warm and helpful, trusted, edifying and also unique guidance on this topic to Julie.
calvin klein outlet http://www.calvinkleinoutlet.us.com
Répondre off white
à 11:27 le 23 décembre 2020 
My spouse and i have been so cheerful Ervin could do his analysis by way of the precious recommendations he grabbed through your weblog. It is now and again perplexing just to be giving for free tips which often some others have been trying to sell. We really grasp we now have the writer to appreciate for that. The type of explanations you've made, the straightforward web site menu, the relationships you can give support to foster - it's mostly terrific, and it is making our son in addition to us recognize that the topic is exciting, which is certainly exceedingly serious. Thanks for all!
off white http://www.offwhiteoutlet.us.org
Répondre kobe shoes
à 11:27 le 23 décembre 2020 
Thank you for all of the effort on this web site. My mum take interest in doing investigations and it's simple to grasp why. We notice all regarding the lively mode you make efficient techniques on your web blog and inspire participation from website visitors on the issue so our own daughter is without a doubt starting to learn a lot of things. Have fun with the remaining portion of the year. Your conducting a fabulous job.
kobe shoes http://www.kobesneakers.com
Répondre kevin durant shoes
à 11:27 le 23 décembre 2020 
I want to express thanks to you for rescuing me from such a issue. Right after scouting throughout the the net and obtaining things that were not productive, I assumed my life was over. Existing minus the strategies to the problems you have fixed by means of your main guideline is a serious case, as well as those which could have badly damaged my entire career if I had not discovered your site. Your main training and kindness in dealing with a lot of stuff was very useful. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not encountered such a step like this. It's possible to at this time relish my future. Thanks very much for the professional and amazing help. I won't be reluctant to suggest your blog to any individual who wants and needs guidelines on this area.
kevin durant shoes http://www.kd10.us
Répondre kyrie spongebob
à 11:27 le 23 décembre 2020 
I simply wanted to send a small message to be able to say thanks to you for those magnificent tips and tricks you are posting here. My time intensive internet research has now been rewarded with beneficial suggestions to write about with my colleagues. I 'd point out that we website visitors actually are truly lucky to exist in a remarkable place with very many lovely people with helpful strategies. I feel extremely blessed to have seen the web pages and look forward to many more enjoyable moments reading here. Thank you once again for everything.
kyrie spongebob http://www.kyrie5spongebob.us
Répondre lebron shoes
à 11:28 le 23 décembre 2020 
I intended to post you this tiny note so as to say thanks a lot again with the extraordinary knowledge you have contributed at this time. It has been simply seriously open-handed of you to offer unreservedly all that some people could have offered for sale as an electronic book to end up making some bucks for their own end, primarily considering the fact that you might have tried it if you ever wanted. The solutions as well served to become good way to recognize that other individuals have the identical desire like my very own to realize a great deal more pertaining to this problem. I am sure there are several more pleasant instances up front for individuals that browse through your website.
lebron shoes http://www.lebronjames.us.com
Répondre paul george
à 11:53 le 23 décembre 2020 
I wish to express some thanks to the writer just for bailing me out of this dilemma. As a result of browsing through the internet and getting methods which were not beneficial, I figured my life was well over. Being alive without the solutions to the difficulties you've solved by way of this short post is a crucial case, and those that could have negatively damaged my entire career if I hadn't encountered your website. Your good capability and kindness in dealing with all the pieces was vital. I am not sure what I would've done if I had not encountered such a step like this. I can also at this point relish my future. Thanks a lot so much for your professional and effective help. I will not hesitate to propose your blog post to anybody who requires assistance about this issue.
paul george http://www.paulgeorge.us.com
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 11:55 le 23 décembre 2020 
Thank you for each of your work on this website. My mother delights in getting into internet research and it is obvious why. We all notice all relating to the compelling means you render helpful thoughts via your blog and even boost contribution from some other people on the topic and our girl is certainly starting to learn a great deal. Take advantage of the rest of the year. You are always doing a good job.
supreme hoodie http://www.supremeshoodie.com
Répondre kd 10
à 11:57 le 23 décembre 2020 
I as well as my guys were reading through the nice tips and hints from your web site while then came up with a terrible feeling I had not expressed respect to the web site owner for those strategies. Most of the people were definitely totally stimulated to read them and have truly been having fun with them. Appreciation for turning out to be considerably kind and for utilizing this sort of brilliant tips millions of individuals are really desperate to understand about. Our own sincere regret for not saying thanks to you earlier.
kd 10 http://www.kd10.us
Répondre moncler outlet
à 11:57 le 23 décembre 2020 
My spouse and i have been very joyous that Raymond could finish up his investigation from the ideas he got from your very own blog. It's not at all simplistic to just find yourself handing out helpful hints which usually most people might have been trying to sell. And we also discover we need the writer to be grateful to because of that. All the illustrations you've made, the easy web site menu, the friendships your site help to foster - it's many remarkable, and it's facilitating our son and our family reckon that the subject matter is amusing, which is unbelievably essential. Thanks for all the pieces!
moncler outlet http://www.moncler--outlet.us.com
0