Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre stone island clothing
à 19:29 le 18 décembre 2020 
I happen to be writing to make you be aware of what a fine experience our princess undergone studying yuor web blog. She realized numerous details, most notably how it is like to possess a marvelous coaching character to have the others completely understand a variety of hard to do issues. You actually did more than our own expected results. Thanks for imparting these warm and friendly, safe, informative and fun tips about that topic to Janet.
stone island clothing http://www.stoneislands.us
Répondre yeezy boost 350
à 19:30 le 18 décembre 2020 
My wife and i ended up being thankful when Jordan managed to complete his preliminary research through your ideas he acquired in your web page. It is now and again perplexing just to always be offering tactics that people today have been making money from. So we already know we now have the blog owner to give thanks to for that. All of the illustrations you made, the straightforward web site menu, the relationships you will aid to foster - it's got many astounding, and it's aiding our son and our family know that the article is brilliant, and that is extraordinarily mandatory. Thanks for the whole lot!
yeezy boost 350 http://www.yeezy-boost.us.com
Répondre off white hoodie
à 19:37 le 18 décembre 2020 
I together with my buddies came checking out the great guidelines on the blog and so immediately developed a horrible feeling I never thanked the blog owner for them. These ladies came totally excited to study all of them and have now definitely been using those things. Appreciate your turning out to be indeed considerate and also for choosing these kinds of fantastic subject matter millions of individuals are really desperate to understand about. My very own honest apologies for not expressing appreciation to sooner.
off white hoodie http://www.offwhitehoodies.us
Répondre giannis shoes
à 19:40 le 18 décembre 2020 
I must point out my gratitude for your generosity supporting folks that need guidance on your subject matter. Your personal commitment to getting the message all-around was unbelievably interesting and has frequently helped many people like me to get to their targets. Your entire invaluable report denotes a whole lot to me and especially to my peers. Thank you; from each one of us.
giannis shoes http://www.giannisantetokounmposhoes.us
Répondre canada goose jacket
à 19:45 le 18 décembre 2020 
I simply had to thank you very much yet again. I'm not certain what I might have implemented without the suggestions revealed by you relating to that area. This was an absolute horrifying concern in my position, however , seeing your specialized mode you treated the issue made me to cry with gladness. Now i am thankful for your help and in addition sincerely hope you are aware of a great job you were putting in instructing other individuals by way of your web site. I am sure you haven't met all of us.
canada goose jacket http://www.canadagoosejacket.us.org
Répondre yeezy 500
à 19:54 le 18 décembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone a very brilliant possiblity to read critical reviews from here. It can be so nice and also full of a lot of fun for me personally and my office peers to visit the blog a minimum of three times weekly to read the fresh stuff you have got. And lastly, we are always astounded concerning the extraordinary opinions served by you. Some 1 areas in this article are certainly the simplest we have all ever had.
yeezy 500 http://www.yeezy-shoes.us.org
Répondre cheap jordans
à 19:55 le 18 décembre 2020 
I wish to express my appreciation to this writer just for rescuing me from this particular scenario. Because of looking out throughout the world-wide-web and coming across thoughts that were not pleasant, I assumed my life was over. Living minus the solutions to the issues you have solved through your good guide is a crucial case, as well as those which might have in a wrong way damaged my entire career if I had not noticed your web page. The understanding and kindness in maneuvering all areas was very helpful. I'm not sure what I would've done if I had not come upon such a step like this. It's possible to now relish my future. Thanks a lot very much for this impressive and sensible help. I won't think twice to propose your web blog to anyone who should receive guide about this topic.
cheap jordans http://www.jordanshoes.us
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 19:56 le 18 décembre 2020 
I am glad for commenting to let you be aware of what a excellent discovery my friend's child had browsing the blog. She noticed some pieces, including what it's like to have a marvelous coaching spirit to get the rest without difficulty gain knowledge of specified extremely tough issues. You really did more than our expected results. Thanks for supplying such informative, dependable, revealing and as well as fun tips about this topic to Sandra.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezyboost350v2s.us
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 20:01 le 18 décembre 2020 
My husband and i were absolutely delighted Peter could carry out his investigations because of the ideas he obtained when using the site. It's not at all simplistic to just find yourself freely giving things that many the others may have been trying to sell. And we take into account we have you to appreciate for that. These illustrations you made, the straightforward web site navigation, the friendships you will help to promote - it is most overwhelming, and it's assisting our son in addition to our family reason why this subject matter is thrilling, and that's truly vital. Thank you for the whole lot!
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezysshoes.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 20:08 le 18 décembre 2020 
I want to show my appreciation to this writer for bailing me out of this particular circumstance. Right after looking through the online world and seeing ways that were not beneficial, I thought my life was done. Being alive devoid of the strategies to the issues you've solved all through your entire posting is a serious case, as well as the kind that might have adversely affected my entire career if I hadn't discovered your web site. Your own training and kindness in controlling all the things was vital. I don't know what I would've done if I had not come upon such a stuff like this. I'm able to now look ahead to my future. Thanks very much for this impressive and sensible guide. I won't be reluctant to recommend your web sites to anybody who would need guidelines about this matter.
supreme clothing http://www.supremehoodies.us
Répondre supreme new york
à 20:14 le 18 décembre 2020 
I must point out my admiration for your kind-heartedness in support of people that must have help with in this issue. Your very own dedication to passing the message all-around appears to be certainly productive and have surely encouraged guys just like me to realize their targets. Your warm and helpful help can mean much a person like me and especially to my mates. Warm regards; from all of us.
supreme new york http://www.supremenewyork.us.com
Répondre nike react
à 20:22 le 18 décembre 2020 
I simply wanted to compose a simple word so as to express gratitude to you for the lovely ideas you are showing on this website. My extensive internet search has at the end of the day been compensated with brilliant facts and strategies to talk about with my company. I would claim that most of us visitors actually are unequivocally fortunate to be in a very good site with so many marvellous professionals with useful hints. I feel pretty blessed to have seen your site and look forward to so many more exciting moments reading here. Thanks once again for all the details.
nike react http://www.nikereact.org
Répondre supreme
à 20:27 le 18 décembre 2020 
I am just commenting to let you know what a perfect experience my cousin's princess gained browsing your web site. She realized some details, which included what it's like to possess an excellent helping heart to have many more very easily fully understand some complex issues. You truly exceeded readers' expected results. Thank you for producing such priceless, safe, educational and in addition fun tips about the topic to Julie.
supreme http://www.supremes.us.org
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 23:47 le 18 décembre 2020 
I happen to be commenting to let you be aware of of the excellent encounter my friend's girl encountered checking the blog. She learned a good number of details, including what it's like to possess a great helping character to get the others without hassle grasp selected specialized issues. You actually exceeded people's expected results. Thanks for delivering these priceless, dependable, educational and in addition fun thoughts on this topic to Julie.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoosessale.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 0:03 le 19 décembre 2020 
I simply had to thank you so much once more. I do not know the things I could possibly have handled in the absence of the tips documented by you regarding this theme. It absolutely was a very depressing matter for me, but viewing the very professional strategy you handled it made me to weep with happiness. I am just happier for your support and thus wish you comprehend what an amazing job you are undertaking educating people today via a site. More than likely you've never encountered all of us.
supreme clothing http://www.supreme-clothings.us.com
Répondre jordan retro
à 1:31 le 19 décembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of your own work on this web site. My aunt enjoys working on internet research and it is obvious why. A lot of people hear all about the dynamic mode you present great things on the blog and even increase participation from other people on this topic while our princess is truly studying a whole lot. Take advantage of the rest of the new year. You are always doing a good job.
jordan retro http://www.jordan-retro.us.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 2:16 le 19 décembre 2020 
I really wanted to write down a small message to say thanks to you for some of the fantastic information you are giving on this site. My incredibly long internet look up has at the end of the day been honored with high-quality facts to exchange with my guests. I would point out that most of us site visitors actually are unequivocally endowed to be in a fantastic network with so many marvellous professionals with valuable points. I feel really lucky to have encountered your webpages and look forward to tons of more awesome minutes reading here. Thanks a lot again for all the details.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezysus.com
Répondre kobe shoes
à 2:25 le 19 décembre 2020 
My wife and i were so delighted that Peter managed to carry out his basic research with the ideas he had using your web page. It is now and again perplexing just to choose to be giving freely key points which usually many others have been selling. And we fully grasp we've got you to appreciate because of that. The type of explanations you have made, the simple site navigation, the relationships you help to foster - it is many remarkable, and it is facilitating our son in addition to our family reckon that that article is enjoyable, and that is tremendously fundamental. Thank you for everything!
kobe shoes http://www.kobe-shoes.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 2:52 le 19 décembre 2020 
I wanted to draft you a bit of remark to give thanks over again for these marvelous tips you have documented above. It was so extremely open-handed of you to offer publicly precisely what a number of us might have marketed for an e-book to earn some bucks for themselves, chiefly since you could possibly have tried it if you wanted. Those solutions as well served to become good way to understand that someone else have a similar passion really like my very own to grasp a lot more regarding this matter. Certainly there are thousands of more enjoyable opportunities in the future for those who looked at your blog post.
golden goose http://www.golden-goose.us
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 3:05 le 19 décembre 2020 
Thanks so much for giving everyone such a breathtaking possiblity to read from this site. It's always very kind plus stuffed with a lot of fun for me personally and my office peers to visit the blog at minimum three times every week to read through the new tips you have got. And of course, we are actually satisfied for the powerful pointers you give. Some two tips in this post are certainly the most efficient we have had.
golden goose outlet http://www.golden-goose.us
0