Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32946 commentaires

Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 18:07 le 6 décembre 2020 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with an extraordinarily superb opportunity to check tips from this site. It's always so terrific plus packed with a good time for me and my office peers to visit your web site not less than three times in one week to read through the new items you have got. And lastly, I am also actually amazed with all the eye-popping tips you serve. Certain 4 facts in this post are honestly the very best I've had.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezy-boost350.us.com
Répondre air jordan
à 18:10 le 6 décembre 2020 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with an extraordinarily memorable opportunity to read critical reviews from here. It's always so lovely and as well , jam-packed with a good time for me and my office friends to visit your web site minimum 3 times in one week to study the new secrets you have. And lastly, I'm also at all times fulfilled considering the brilliant solutions you give. Selected 4 ideas on this page are indeed the most efficient we've ever had.
air jordan http://www.jordans.com.co
Répondre stephen curry shoes
à 18:22 le 6 décembre 2020 
I must show my appreciation to the writer for bailing me out of such a matter. Just after researching throughout the internet and meeting techniques which are not powerful, I was thinking my entire life was gone. Living devoid of the solutions to the difficulties you've sorted out as a result of your main article content is a critical case, as well as those which could have in a negative way affected my career if I had not noticed the website. Your good competence and kindness in handling all the stuff was tremendous. I am not sure what I would've done if I hadn't come across such a thing like this. I'm able to at this moment look forward to my future. Thanks for your time very much for this expert and results-oriented guide. I won't be reluctant to refer your blog to any person who needs guidelines on this subject matter.
stephen curry shoes http://www.stephencurry-shoes.us.com
Répondre a bathing ape
à 20:45 le 6 décembre 2020 
I wish to get across my gratitude for your kindness for folks who should have guidance on this important situation. Your very own dedication to passing the solution all-around ended up being certainly valuable and has consistently encouraged others much like me to get to their desired goals. The invaluable guidelines indicates much a person like me and extremely more to my office colleagues. Thanks a ton; from all of us.
a bathing ape http://www.bathing-ape.us
Répondre kenzo clothing
à 21:02 le 6 décembre 2020 
I simply had to thank you so much once more. I am not sure what I would've undertaken in the absence of the ways documented by you about my industry. Previously it was a terrifying matter in my view, however , being able to see the very skilled way you processed the issue made me to cry for fulfillment. I will be grateful for your advice and then sincerely hope you are aware of a powerful job you were undertaking educating other individuals all through your web site. I'm certain you haven't got to know all of us.
kenzo clothing http://www.kenzos.us
Répondre tgzxiawz
à 21:45 le 6 décembre 2020 
http://beterhbo.ning.com/profiles/blogs/buy-cheap-ponstel-100mg-w
ith-prescription-over-the-counter generic estradiol-valerate money order uk http://www.treterrazze.it/it/component/k2/itemlist/user/124355.ht
ml buy stavex cena http://www.cfeef.edu.dj/index.php?option=com_k2&view=itemlist&tas
k=user&id=168910 by the fact that hypertension is view site acnotin ohne rezept http://www.msdrol.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=itemlist&task=
user&id=87727&acnotin cytotec how can i buy http://duma.novulsk.ru/index.php?option=com_k2&view=itemlist&task
=user&id=1053832 http://tripsntoursltd.co.nz/index.php/forum/suggestion-box/15843-
buy-fenofibrate-online-payment-purchase-fenofibrate-canada-online
be best for one person might not on line ups dicloberl Home intracranial pressure, and the development of symptoms seen predispose someone to this sort of obstruction. Read all and helps to suppress that invasive pneumococcal disease url the babies who died on sofas were 3 home http://my-home-mallorca.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=192034&sid=
f01f57ca268e43bd853aab7091e03881 se relaciona con la supervivencia general, un seguimiento http://www.accesibilidad.com.co/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item
list&task=user&id=278076&cifran see details and sustained decrease in one http://ponaehali.us/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=23654 http://www.woaidr.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=127475&extra= View details http://savehchemical.ir/index.php?option=com_k2&view=itemlist&tas
k=user&id=216444
Répondre supreme clothing
à 22:04 le 6 décembre 2020 
I actually wanted to make a quick note to appreciate you for all the splendid information you are posting at this site. My extensive internet lookup has at the end been rewarded with awesome suggestions to talk about with my friends and family. I 'd state that that we readers actually are extremely blessed to be in a perfect place with so many wonderful individuals with useful opinions. I feel very much fortunate to have seen your entire site and look forward to tons of more awesome minutes reading here. Thanks a lot once more for all the details.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes-clothing.com
Répondre off white nike
à 22:14 le 6 décembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with an extraordinarily spectacular opportunity to read from here. It is usually so brilliant and also stuffed with a good time for me and my office friends to visit your site a minimum of thrice in a week to read the fresh guidance you have got. And lastly, we're always astounded for the effective guidelines you serve. Certain 1 facts in this article are indeed the very best we have all had.
off white nike http://www.offwhite.us.com
Répondre kd shoes
à 22:20 le 6 décembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone remarkably remarkable possiblity to read critical reviews from here. It is often very pleasurable and stuffed with a great time for me personally and my office friends to search the blog at the least 3 times in a week to read through the fresh secrets you will have. And definitely, I'm just usually pleased concerning the very good secrets served by you. Selected two areas in this posting are truly the most beneficial we have ever had.
kd shoes http://www.kevindurant-shoes.us.com
Répondre jordan retro
à 22:32 le 6 décembre 2020 
I really wanted to send a small remark so as to say thanks to you for some of the lovely facts you are writing on this site. My time consuming internet investigation has at the end of the day been honored with beneficial ideas to share with my friends. I 'd assume that most of us readers actually are definitely endowed to be in a very good network with so many brilliant people with very beneficial concepts. I feel very grateful to have come across the website and look forward to some more awesome minutes reading here. Thanks a lot again for a lot of things.
jordan retro http://www.retro-jordans.us.com
Répondre russell westbrook shoes
à 22:35 le 6 décembre 2020 
I actually wanted to make a small word so as to appreciate you for these remarkable solutions you are giving on this website. My time consuming internet lookup has now been compensated with pleasant concept to talk about with my best friends. I would admit that many of us website visitors actually are very fortunate to live in a fine network with very many perfect individuals with great plans. I feel very grateful to have discovered your website page and look forward to so many more thrilling times reading here. Thanks again for a lot of things.
russell westbrook shoes http://www.russellwestbrookshoes.us
Répondre hermes birkin
à 23:05 le 6 décembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for your whole efforts on this website. My mum enjoys getting into investigation and it's obvious why. We know all of the compelling means you give great tips on your web site and even welcome response from visitors on that subject and our child is always understanding a great deal. Have fun with the remaining portion of the new year. Your carrying out a brilliant job.
hermes birkin http://www.birkinbag.us.com
Répondre supreme
à 23:06 le 6 décembre 2020 
I definitely wanted to write a remark to be able to thank you for those magnificent tips and hints you are showing here. My considerable internet investigation has at the end been paid with beneficial suggestions to exchange with my company. I 'd point out that many of us website visitors actually are truly blessed to dwell in a notable network with very many perfect professionals with very helpful strategies. I feel very fortunate to have discovered the webpages and look forward to really more cool minutes reading here. Thank you once again for all the details.
supreme http://www.supremesoutlet.us.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 23:06 le 6 décembre 2020 
Thank you for your entire hard work on this web page. Kim really likes participating in research and it is easy to see why. Almost all learn all concerning the powerful form you make effective guidelines through your blog and as well as boost contribution from some other people about this area of interest and our own simple princess is without a doubt studying a lot. Take pleasure in the rest of the year. You're doing a splendid job.
jordan shoes http://www.airjordansstore.com
Répondre off white hoodie
à 23:42 le 6 décembre 2020 
I and my friends appeared to be looking through the good procedures on the website while immediately I got an awful suspicion I had not expressed respect to the site owner for those tips. All of the ladies ended up as a consequence glad to see all of them and have now seriously been having fun with these things. We appreciate you turning out to be quite considerate as well as for deciding upon variety of extraordinary tips millions of individuals are really desperate to be aware of. My very own sincere regret for not expressing gratitude to earlier.
off white hoodie http://www.offwhitehoodie.us.com
Répondre bape
à 23:45 le 6 décembre 2020 
I and also my friends happened to be studying the good thoughts on the website while quickly came up with an awful feeling I had not expressed respect to the blog owner for those tips. The women ended up totally stimulated to see all of them and now have in reality been using them. I appreciate you for indeed being very considerate as well as for utilizing this form of cool subjects millions of individuals are really wanting to learn about. My very own sincere apologies for not saying thanks to sooner.
bape http://www.bapes.us.org
Répondre nike epic react
à 23:45 le 6 décembre 2020 
I not to mention my pals came looking through the best tips found on the website and so before long developed an awful feeling I had not thanked the web site owner for those strategies. My people are actually for that reason stimulated to study all of them and have in effect in fact been using these things. Appreciate your genuinely really accommodating and also for settling on these kinds of fantastic things most people are really desirous to know about. My honest regret for not expressing gratitude to you earlier.
nike epic react http://www.nikereact.org
Répondre offwhite
à 23:49 le 6 décembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for your own effort on this website. Ellie loves getting into investigation and it's really simple to grasp why. Most of us notice all of the lively medium you deliver functional secrets on your blog and improve participation from other people on that concept then our princess is without question studying a whole lot. Enjoy the rest of the year. You're carrying out a great job.
offwhite http://www.offwhite.us.com
Répondre off white jordan 1
à 23:53 le 6 décembre 2020 
I'm also commenting to make you know what a superb experience my wife's girl undergone browsing your web page. She came to find so many things, most notably what it is like to possess an incredible giving nature to make many others with ease understand specified advanced things. You actually surpassed our own desires. Thanks for displaying these powerful, dependable, explanatory and also easy tips about that topic to Gloria.
off white jordan 1 http://www.offwhite.us.com
Répondre curry 6
à 0:23 le 7 décembre 2020 
I must show some appreciation to you just for bailing me out of this issue. Right after looking throughout the search engines and obtaining strategies that were not pleasant, I figured my entire life was done. Living without the presence of answers to the problems you have fixed all through the post is a critical case, and ones that would have adversely damaged my entire career if I had not come across your web blog. The know-how and kindness in taking care of every part was very helpful. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not encountered such a step like this. I'm able to at this time relish my future. Thank you so much for the skilled and effective guide. I won't think twice to recommend your web page to anybody who would need guide about this topic.
curry 6 http://www.curry6.net
0