Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32946 commentaires

Répondre kd 12
à 18:30 le 5 décembre 2020 
My husband and i felt really joyful Jordan managed to carry out his reports with the ideas he discovered when using the web site. It's not at all simplistic just to always be freely giving secrets and techniques that other folks have been trying to sell. And we all recognize we've got you to be grateful to for this. The specific illustrations you've made, the easy site menu, the relationships you help to engender - it's got many incredible, and it's facilitating our son and us imagine that this subject matter is fun, which is highly important. Thank you for everything!
kd 12 http://www.kd12.org
Répondre off white hoodie
à 18:42 le 5 décembre 2020 
I must show my thanks to this writer just for bailing me out of such a scenario. As a result of looking throughout the internet and obtaining proposals which were not beneficial, I thought my entire life was over. Existing without the presence of strategies to the problems you've sorted out all through your main guideline is a serious case, as well as those which may have in a negative way damaged my entire career if I hadn't noticed your web page. Your own personal ability and kindness in dealing with every part was crucial. I don't know what I would have done if I hadn't come across such a subject like this. I'm able to at this moment look forward to my future. Thanks so much for your specialized and result oriented help. I won't hesitate to refer the website to anyone who will need recommendations about this topic.
off white hoodie http://www.off--white.us.com
Répondre longchamp handbags
à 18:47 le 5 décembre 2020 
I would like to point out my respect for your kindness for visitors who require guidance on this matter. Your very own dedication to passing the solution all around had become quite informative and has always empowered employees just like me to achieve their aims. Your new warm and helpful guide can mean much a person like me and still more to my mates. Regards; from all of us.
longchamp handbags http://www.longchampshandbags.us.org
Répondre yeezys
à 18:49 le 5 décembre 2020 
I want to express appreciation to this writer for bailing me out of this particular matter. As a result of exploring through the the net and meeting principles which were not pleasant, I thought my life was gone. Existing without the approaches to the problems you have solved by way of your good guide is a crucial case, and the ones that would have adversely affected my career if I had not noticed your web site. Your personal training and kindness in maneuvering almost everything was important. I am not sure what I would've done if I had not come upon such a thing like this. I can also now look forward to my future. Thanks for your time very much for your professional and sensible guide. I will not think twice to suggest your web blog to any individual who should receive direction on this subject.
yeezys http://www.yeezys.in.net
Répondre moncler outlet
à 19:07 le 5 décembre 2020 
I'm just commenting to let you be aware of of the remarkable experience my child went through using your web page. She came to find a good number of issues, most notably how it is like to possess a wonderful coaching heart to have most people with no trouble know certain complicated subject matter. You really exceeded readers' expectations. Many thanks for rendering such valuable, safe, explanatory and easy thoughts on the topic to Ethel.
moncler outlet http://www.monclerjackets.us.org
Répondre yeezys
à 19:21 le 5 décembre 2020 
My husband and i ended up being quite more than happy when Michael could do his investigations via the ideas he discovered from your blog. It is now and again perplexing to simply choose to be giving away things which often most people have been selling. And we also realize we have the blog owner to appreciate for this. The entire illustrations you have made, the straightforward website menu, the relationships you can make it easier to instill - it's got all wonderful, and it's really letting our son in addition to the family imagine that this subject matter is enjoyable, which is seriously serious. Thank you for the whole thing!
yeezys http://www.yeezy-shoes.us.org
Répondre curry 6
à 19:25 le 5 décembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone such a brilliant possiblity to read in detail from this web site. It can be so sweet and as well , packed with amusement for me and my office fellow workers to search your website not less than 3 times in 7 days to read the newest issues you have. And indeed, I'm also certainly fascinated with your effective suggestions you serve. Selected 2 points in this post are surely the most effective I've had.
curry 6 http://www.curry6shoes.us
Répondre kobe 9
à 19:26 le 5 décembre 2020 
I would like to show appreciation to the writer for rescuing me from such a condition. After surfing around throughout the the web and getting things which were not pleasant, I figured my life was over. Being alive minus the strategies to the difficulties you've sorted out all through this article content is a critical case, and the kind that would have in a wrong way damaged my entire career if I had not encountered your web site. That skills and kindness in maneuvering the whole lot was helpful. I'm not sure what I would've done if I hadn't discovered such a point like this. It's possible to at this point relish my future. Thanks a lot very much for this specialized and sensible help. I won't hesitate to propose your blog post to any person who would like support on this problem.
kobe 9 http://www.kobebasketballshoes.net
Répondre supreme clothing
à 19:30 le 5 décembre 2020 
I am commenting to make you know of the impressive experience my daughter developed viewing your blog. She figured out a lot of pieces, which include what it is like to have an awesome teaching nature to have many people without difficulty know just exactly specific tricky topics. You really surpassed people's expectations. Many thanks for distributing such necessary, healthy, explanatory and fun tips on the topic to Evelyn.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothingsstore.com
Répondre off white jordan 1
à 19:34 le 5 décembre 2020 
I am also writing to make you know of the perfect encounter my cousin's girl went through studying your site. She figured out numerous issues, most notably what it is like to have an excellent giving mindset to make other people just grasp various hard to do issues. You truly did more than people's expectations. Many thanks for distributing the interesting, trusted, revealing not to mention unique tips on that topic to Kate.
off white jordan 1 http://www.offwhiteshoes.us.com
Répondre 100% real jordans for cheap
à 19:39 le 5 décembre 2020 
Thank you for your own labor on this web page. My niece delights in participating in investigations and it's obvious why. We all know all relating to the lively method you create important tips and hints by means of your website and therefore strongly encourage response from some other people about this idea plus our favorite daughter is actually discovering so much. Take advantage of the rest of the year. You are performing a glorious job.
100% real jordans for cheap http://www.jordansforcheap.us.com
Répondre yeezy 500 blush
à 19:46 le 5 décembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with such a superb opportunity to discover important secrets from this web site. It really is so brilliant plus stuffed with a great time for me and my office mates to visit your site no less than thrice weekly to see the newest guides you will have. And of course, I'm also actually fascinated with your impressive points you give. Selected 3 tips in this posting are in truth the most impressive I've ever had.
yeezy 500 blush http://www.yeezy-500.us.com
Répondre cheap jordans
à 19:51 le 5 décembre 2020 
I would like to convey my admiration for your kind-heartedness in support of persons who actually need help on your field. Your personal commitment to getting the message up and down appeared to be surprisingly important and has continually allowed regular people much like me to attain their targets. Your personal helpful advice indicates a lot a person like me and a whole lot more to my mates. Regards; from everyone of us.
cheap jordans http://www.jordanshoes.us
Répondre jordan 4
à 20:02 le 5 décembre 2020 
I not to mention my guys ended up looking at the great ideas from the blog and then all of a sudden got a terrible feeling I never expressed respect to the website owner for those tips. The guys happened to be consequently thrilled to read them and have in effect absolutely been loving them. Appreciation for actually being very considerate and then for utilizing such helpful themes most people are really desirous to be informed on. My sincere apologies for not saying thanks to earlier.
jordan 4 http://www.jordan4.us.com
Répondre bape clothing
à 20:03 le 5 décembre 2020 
I must voice my love for your generosity for folks who really want assistance with this important subject. Your personal commitment to getting the solution throughout became definitely powerful and have in most cases enabled most people much like me to get to their endeavors. Your new informative publication indicates so much a person like me and further more to my colleagues. Thank you; from everyone of us.
bape clothing http://www.bape-clothing.us
Répondre kobe shoes
à 20:03 le 5 décembre 2020 
My husband and i have been really fortunate that Ervin could finish up his survey with the ideas he received through the web site. It is now and again perplexing to just always be giving for free strategies that some others may have been making money from. We see we now have the website owner to appreciate because of that. The explanations you made, the straightforward blog menu, the friendships you will make it easier to instill - it's got many extraordinary, and it is aiding our son and the family consider that that idea is entertaining, which is very indispensable. Many thanks for everything!
kobe shoes http://www.kobesneakers.com
Répondre longchamp
à 20:03 le 5 décembre 2020 
I want to show thanks to the writer just for rescuing me from this type of circumstance. Right after searching throughout the the net and meeting tricks that were not helpful, I believed my entire life was done. Existing without the presence of approaches to the issues you have sorted out by means of your short post is a critical case, and ones that might have adversely affected my career if I hadn't discovered your web page. Your good ability and kindness in controlling all the details was vital. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't encountered such a stuff like this. I'm able to at this moment look forward to my future. Thanks very much for the specialized and result oriented help. I will not be reluctant to suggest your blog to any person who would like support on this matter.
longchamp http://www.handbagslongchamp.us
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 20:04 le 5 décembre 2020 
I precisely wanted to thank you so much all over again. I do not know what I would've made to happen without these hints provided by you regarding such a area. This was a very alarming crisis in my opinion, but spending time with a new skilled fashion you treated it took me to leap for gladness. Now i am happy for the advice and even trust you know what an amazing job you were getting into instructing the rest through the use of a blog. I am sure you've never encountered all of us.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 20:04 le 5 décembre 2020 
Thanks for every one of your efforts on this website. My mother really loves doing investigations and it's really obvious why. Many of us hear all about the compelling ways you provide very useful tricks on your web blog and cause participation from the others about this situation so my girl is truly being taught a lot of things. Enjoy the remaining portion of the year. You have been doing a useful job.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengoosessale.com
Répondre kyrie 6
à 20:08 le 5 décembre 2020 
I happen to be commenting to make you be aware of what a wonderful encounter my cousin's daughter had checking yuor web blog. She even learned many pieces, including what it is like to possess an awesome coaching style to get men and women easily master several complex topics. You truly did more than visitors' expected results. Thank you for offering these valuable, trustworthy, explanatory not to mention easy thoughts on that topic to Emily.
kyrie 6 http://www.kyrie-6.com
0