Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32946 commentaires

Répondre yeezy
à 4:44 le 2 décembre 2020 
I truly wanted to send a small note to say thanks to you for all the lovely ideas you are giving out here. My considerable internet research has now been recognized with extremely good concept to share with my family. I would assume that many of us readers actually are undoubtedly fortunate to exist in a notable website with very many wonderful people with good guidelines. I feel quite lucky to have discovered your entire website page and look forward to many more amazing times reading here. Thanks a lot again for all the details.
yeezy http://www.adidasyeezys.us.com
Répondre pandora
à 10:16 le 2 décembre 2020 
My wife and i have been really delighted that Albert could conclude his survey with the ideas he came across using your blog. It's not at all simplistic to just be giving for free tips and tricks that some people could have been trying to sell. Therefore we discover we now have the writer to thank because of that. Those explanations you have made, the easy website menu, the friendships your site aid to instill - it's mostly unbelievable, and it's facilitating our son and the family reckon that the issue is awesome, and that is incredibly vital. Many thanks for all the pieces!
pandora http://www.pandorascharms.us
Répondre off white outlet
à 10:47 le 2 décembre 2020 
I together with my guys have been reading through the best solutions from your web page and then instantly got an awful suspicion I had not expressed respect to the website owner for those secrets. All of the women were glad to see them and already have honestly been using them. I appreciate you for really being simply accommodating and for finding this kind of fabulous resources millions of individuals are really wanting to be aware of. My personal honest apologies for not expressing gratitude to earlier.
off white outlet http://www.offwhiteoutlet.us.org
Répondre canada goose jacket
à 12:42 le 2 décembre 2020 
I want to voice my respect for your kind-heartedness in support of men and women who need help with this particular question. Your real dedication to passing the message throughout appears to be surprisingly informative and has usually allowed individuals just like me to achieve their targets. Your own insightful tips and hints can mean a great deal to me and even more to my office workers. Regards; from each one of us.
canada goose jacket http://www.canadagoosejacket.us.org
Répondre yeezy supply
à 13:19 le 2 décembre 2020 
I precisely had to say thanks once again. I do not know the things I would have gone through without the actual recommendations provided by you regarding such a industry. It truly was a very alarming case for me, however , observing this specialized mode you dealt with the issue forced me to cry over fulfillment. I am thankful for your work and hope you really know what a great job you have been accomplishing training many people thru your web page. I am certain you haven't got to know any of us.
yeezy supply http://www.supplyyeezy.us
Répondre jordan shoes
à 13:39 le 2 décembre 2020 
I want to express thanks to you just for rescuing me from such a incident. As a result of exploring throughout the online world and seeing tips that were not helpful, I figured my life was done. Living without the approaches to the issues you've sorted out all through this website is a critical case, as well as the ones which could have adversely damaged my career if I had not discovered your blog post. The ability and kindness in handling almost everything was invaluable. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come across such a solution like this. I am able to now look ahead to my future. Thanks for your time so much for your specialized and sensible help. I won't be reluctant to refer the blog to any person who requires recommendations about this situation.
jordan shoes http://www.jordansshoes.us.org
Répondre nike sb
à 13:44 le 2 décembre 2020 
Needed to send you the little word to say thanks over again on your nice pointers you've featured in this article. This is simply strangely generous of people like you giving unhampered all that most people might have distributed for an ebook in order to make some bucks for themselves, principally since you might well have tried it if you desired. Those good tips likewise acted to provide a easy way to comprehend most people have the identical fervor really like my personal own to see a great deal more in respect of this issue. I think there are several more pleasurable instances ahead for folks who examine your blog.
nike sb http://www.sbdunk.us
Répondre kenzo
à 14:13 le 2 décembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone a very spectacular possiblity to check tips from this website. It is often very great plus jam-packed with amusement for me personally and my office peers to visit your blog at least 3 times in 7 days to find out the fresh issues you have. And definitely, I am also usually contented considering the stunning suggestions served by you. Certain 4 ideas on this page are undoubtedly the very best I have had.
kenzo http://www.kenzos.us
Répondre stylo bluetooth pour ipad amazon
à 15:19 le 2 décembre 2020 
enfant music amazonmiroir style industriel amazonchargeur philips avent amazonbroderie point de croix noel amazon
stylo bluetooth pour ipad amazon http://www.voicedialogue-nord.com/Combinaisons_et_combishorts/sty
lo-bluetooth-pour-ipad-amazon
Répondre lebron 17 shoes
à 15:28 le 2 décembre 2020 
I want to express my thanks to the writer for rescuing me from this particular circumstance. Because of surfing around throughout the online world and coming across methods that were not productive, I thought my life was done. Living without the strategies to the issues you've solved by means of your main posting is a critical case, and ones which might have adversely affected my career if I had not encountered your blog post. Your own personal knowledge and kindness in taking care of a lot of stuff was very helpful. I don't know what I would have done if I hadn't come upon such a thing like this. It's possible to at this time relish my future. Thanks very much for the high quality and effective guide. I will not hesitate to refer your web page to anyone who would like guidance about this area.
lebron 17 shoes http://www.lebron17s.us
Répondre off white shoes
à 16:15 le 2 décembre 2020 
My spouse and i were absolutely satisfied Raymond managed to round up his reports using the ideas he gained when using the web pages. It's not at all simplistic to just be handing out helpful hints that many a number of people have been making money from. And we all take into account we have got the writer to appreciate for this. The main illustrations you made, the easy blog navigation, the friendships you will help create - it's mostly awesome, and it is letting our son and us know that this article is fun, which is certainly rather vital. Thanks for the whole thing!
off white shoes http://www.off-whiteshoes.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 16:16 le 2 décembre 2020 
My wife and i ended up being now ecstatic that Michael could conclude his investigations by way of the precious recommendations he came across from your own weblog. It's not at all simplistic just to always be making a gift of steps that other folks may have been making money from. And we also fully understand we have the writer to give thanks to because of that. The main illustrations you have made, the easy website menu, the friendships you give support to promote - it's many sensational, and it's really leading our son and our family imagine that this theme is amusing, and that is exceedingly indispensable. Thank you for the whole thing!
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezyboost350v2stores.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350
à 16:17 le 2 décembre 2020 
I wish to convey my respect for your kind-heartedness in support of persons that must have guidance on your niche. Your very own commitment to getting the solution along turned out to be remarkably practical and has without exception empowered associates like me to get to their pursuits. Your entire valuable key points denotes a whole lot to me and extremely more to my office workers. Warm regards; from each one of us.
yeezy boost 350 http://www.yeezysshoes.us.com
Répondre kobe sneakers
à 16:17 le 2 décembre 2020 
I simply desired to thank you very much again. I am not sure the things that I would have taken care of without the entire methods shared by you concerning my field. Certainly was a real distressing concern for me personally, but spending time with a new specialized strategy you processed it forced me to weep for delight. I will be happy for your advice and as well , hope that you comprehend what a powerful job you happen to be undertaking teaching people today with the aid of a site. Most likely you've never got to know any of us.
kobe sneakers http://www.kobesneakers.com
Répondre nike epic react flyknit
à 16:26 le 2 décembre 2020 
Thanks so much for giving everyone remarkably superb chance to read critical reviews from this web site. It can be so terrific plus jam-packed with a great time for me and my office colleagues to visit your site a minimum of three times per week to find out the newest stuff you have. And definitely, I'm so at all times fulfilled considering the cool tricks you give. Some 3 facts in this post are surely the finest we've ever had.
nike epic react flyknit http://www.nikereact.org
Répondre supreme clothing
à 16:41 le 2 décembre 2020 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with remarkably superb opportunity to read critical reviews from here. It is usually very pleasurable and as well , full of a great time for me and my office friends to visit your blog the equivalent of 3 times every week to study the newest guides you will have. Of course, I am usually pleased concerning the mind-blowing tactics you give. Certain 4 areas in this article are truly the simplest we have all had.
supreme clothing http://www.supremehoodies.us
Répondre golden goose
à 16:42 le 2 décembre 2020 
I would like to show appreciation to you just for bailing me out of this dilemma. As a result of browsing through the the net and obtaining tricks which were not productive, I assumed my entire life was well over. Being alive minus the solutions to the issues you have fixed all through your short post is a crucial case, as well as the kind which might have in a negative way damaged my career if I had not come across your web page. Your actual natural talent and kindness in touching every aspect was excellent. I don't know what I would've done if I had not come upon such a step like this. I can at this point relish my future. Thanks so much for this professional and amazing help. I will not think twice to suggest your web blog to anybody who needs assistance about this subject matter.
golden goose http://www.goldengooseoutlets.us
Répondre air jordan
à 16:54 le 2 décembre 2020 
I am also commenting to let you be aware of of the cool encounter my wife's girl encountered studying your webblog. She discovered such a lot of things, not to mention what it is like to possess an ideal teaching mindset to let the mediocre ones easily thoroughly grasp a variety of impossible topics. You really did more than readers' desires. I appreciate you for providing the necessary, trustworthy, educational not to mention cool guidance on your topic to Lizeth.
air jordan http://www.cheapjordan.us
Répondre kd 12
à 17:03 le 2 décembre 2020 
I must get across my love for your generosity giving support to individuals who have the need for assistance with your concept. Your special commitment to passing the message throughout appeared to be incredibly advantageous and has specifically enabled regular people like me to attain their dreams. The valuable guide implies a whole lot a person like me and extremely more to my office workers. Regards; from each one of us.
kd 12 http://www.kd12.us.com
Répondre jordans
à 17:04 le 2 décembre 2020 
My wife and i felt so thankful when John could finish off his researching through the entire precious recommendations he came across out of the blog. It is now and again perplexing to just happen to be freely giving solutions that some people could have been trying to sell. And now we already know we now have you to thank for that. The main explanations you made, the easy site navigation, the friendships you can make it possible to foster - it's all terrific, and it is letting our son in addition to our family reason why this article is brilliant, and that's exceedingly essential. Thank you for all!
jordans http://www.cheapjordans.us.com
0