Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32946 commentaires

Répondre knezo clothing
à 14:56 le 1 décembre 2020 
I happen to be writing to let you be aware of of the helpful discovery our daughter enjoyed checking your blog. She came to understand such a lot of details, not to mention what it is like to have a great teaching mood to let other people with ease know just exactly certain tricky issues. You actually did more than our expected results. Thanks for supplying such practical, healthy, informative not to mention easy thoughts on your topic to Emily.
knezo clothing http://www.kenzoclothing.us
Répondre curry 7
à 15:08 le 1 décembre 2020 
I intended to write you a very little remark so as to say thanks once again relating to the exceptional solutions you have discussed on this site. This is strangely generous of you giving easily what many individuals would have advertised as an e-book to help make some cash on their own, principally given that you could possibly have tried it if you desired. The principles in addition served as a fantastic way to fully grasp that someone else have similar passion much like my own to know a little more with respect to this problem. I am sure there are millions of more enjoyable periods up front for those who examine your site.
curry 7 http://www.curry7.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 15:09 le 1 décembre 2020 
I would like to convey my gratitude for your generosity in support of men and women that require guidance on your concern. Your very own dedication to passing the message throughout ended up being especially effective and have all the time made professionals much like me to realize their targets. Your new insightful publication signifies this much to me and a whole lot more to my office colleagues. Best wishes; from everyone of us.
supreme clothing http://www.supremesclothing.us.org
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 15:11 le 1 décembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for all of the effort on this site. My daughter really loves conducting internet research and it is easy to understand why. We learn all relating to the lively way you provide very important guidelines through your website and as well welcome response from the others on this subject and my girl is without a doubt being taught a great deal. Enjoy the remaining portion of the new year. You are doing a fabulous job.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezyshoes.in.net
Répondre jordan 13
à 15:13 le 1 décembre 2020 
My wife and i felt really thrilled when Michael could deal with his survey out of the ideas he discovered out of your weblog. It is now and again perplexing to just choose to be freely giving key points that other folks have been trying to sell. And we also figure out we need the blog owner to appreciate for that. All the illustrations you have made, the simple site navigation, the relationships you assist to create - it is many wonderful, and it is aiding our son and the family imagine that that concept is thrilling, which is extraordinarily important. Many thanks for all!
jordan 13 http://www.jordan13.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 15:22 le 1 décembre 2020 
Thank you so much for giving everyone an exceptionally breathtaking opportunity to check tips from this site. It is always very enjoyable and as well , jam-packed with a lot of fun for me and my office fellow workers to search your web site nearly thrice per week to find out the newest stuff you have got. Not to mention, I'm certainly fascinated concerning the fabulous ideas you serve. Selected 2 areas in this post are in truth the most impressive I've ever had.
golden goose http://www.goldengoose-outlet.us.com
Répondre yeezy
à 15:23 le 1 décembre 2020 
I am only commenting to make you know of the helpful encounter my friend's daughter developed studying your blog. She mastered numerous pieces, which include what it is like to have an incredible helping mindset to have certain people effortlessly learn various impossible topics. You undoubtedly exceeded our desires. I appreciate you for coming up with these effective, healthy, explanatory and also easy guidance on your topic to Mary.
yeezy http://www.yeezys.in.net
Répondre jordan 13
à 15:29 le 1 décembre 2020 
I needed to compose you this very little note to help say thanks over again with your superb opinions you have shown in this case. It is quite shockingly generous of people like you to provide extensively just what a number of us could have distributed as an ebook to end up making some profit on their own, chiefly since you could possibly have done it if you ever wanted. These advice also served to become great way to realize that other people online have a similar eagerness similar to my personal own to realize a good deal more when it comes to this matter. I am sure there are lots of more pleasant periods in the future for individuals that read through your site.
jordan 13 http://www.jordan13.us.com
Répondre nike off whtie
à 15:31 le 1 décembre 2020 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with a very superb chance to read from this web site. It's usually so amazing and stuffed with amusement for me and my office fellow workers to visit your website nearly thrice in 7 days to read through the fresh issues you have got. Of course, I'm so actually contented with all the impressive knowledge served by you. Certain 4 tips in this posting are ultimately the most impressive we have had.
nike off whtie http://www.nikexoffwhite.com
Répondre canada goose outlet
à 15:41 le 1 décembre 2020 
Thank you so much for providing individuals with an extraordinarily special possiblity to read from this blog. It's usually so pleasing and also jam-packed with amusement for me personally and my office friends to visit the blog really thrice every week to see the fresh secrets you have got. And indeed, I am also actually astounded for the unique tips you give. Certain 3 tips in this posting are easily the most suitable we've had.
canada goose outlet http://www.canadagoosesoutlet.us
Répondre lebron shoes
à 15:46 le 1 décembre 2020 
I would like to show my appreciation to you for bailing me out of such a setting. After browsing throughout the world wide web and coming across suggestions that were not beneficial, I figured my life was over. Living minus the solutions to the issues you have fixed all through your entire blog post is a critical case, as well as those which could have badly damaged my entire career if I had not come across the website. Your own ability and kindness in touching all the things was very useful. I'm not sure what I would have done if I had not come across such a point like this. I can at this time look ahead to my future. Thanks a lot very much for this skilled and effective guide. I will not be reluctant to endorse your web sites to anybody who needs and wants assistance on this issue.
lebron shoes http://www.lebronjames.us.com
Répondre curry 5
à 15:46 le 1 décembre 2020 
My husband and i felt really delighted Raymond could round up his web research out of the ideas he acquired in your web site. It's not at all simplistic to just continually be handing out tactics which men and women could have been making money from. So we do understand we now have you to thank because of that. The main illustrations you made, the simple web site navigation, the relationships your site make it possible to instill - it's got many powerful, and it's facilitating our son and the family do think the situation is interesting, and that's tremendously essential. Thanks for the whole lot!
curry 5 http://www.curry5.us.com
Répondre canada goose outlet
à 15:48 le 1 décembre 2020 
I simply wanted to send a small message to appreciate you for those marvelous techniques you are showing here. My considerable internet research has finally been paid with beneficial ideas to share with my great friends. I would admit that most of us website visitors are extremely lucky to be in a good network with very many outstanding professionals with insightful basics. I feel quite privileged to have come across your entire website page and look forward to so many more entertaining moments reading here. Thanks again for all the details.
canada goose outlet http://www.canadagoosesoutlet.us
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 15:48 le 1 décembre 2020 
My wife and i have been absolutely lucky that Ervin could finish up his research via the ideas he grabbed from your weblog. It is now and again perplexing to just possibly be freely giving things that many people today may have been selling. So we realize we've got the website owner to be grateful to for this. All of the illustrations you made, the simple web site menu, the relationships you will aid to engender - it's mostly spectacular, and it's really making our son and our family do think that matter is excellent, and that is extraordinarily important. Thanks for all!
supreme hoodie http://www.supreme-clothings.us.com
Répondre kenzo clothing
à 15:48 le 1 décembre 2020 
I want to get across my admiration for your generosity in support of those individuals that require help on your content. Your very own commitment to getting the solution across turned out to be especially helpful and have in most cases allowed people much like me to achieve their goals. Your new valuable guide means much a person like me and substantially more to my fellow workers. With thanks; from each one of us.
kenzo clothing http://www.kenzos.us
Répondre golden goose
à 15:49 le 1 décembre 2020 
I must express my admiration for your generosity in support of all those that actually need help on this important concept. Your special dedication to passing the solution along ended up being particularly effective and have frequently enabled employees like me to achieve their dreams. Your important advice means a great deal to me and a whole lot more to my fellow workers. Thanks a lot; from each one of us.
golden goose http://www.goldengoose-sneakers.us
Répondre off white hoodie
à 15:49 le 1 décembre 2020 
I wish to convey my love for your kind-heartedness in support of women who must have assistance with this particular concept. Your real dedication to getting the message along turned out to be exceedingly advantageous and has in every case permitted associates like me to achieve their targets. Your own warm and friendly guideline entails a great deal a person like me and further more to my colleagues. Regards; from everyone of us.
off white hoodie http://www.off--white.us.com
Répondre bape
à 15:53 le 1 décembre 2020 
I must show appreciation to the writer for rescuing me from this particular matter. As a result of checking through the world-wide-web and seeing ways which were not helpful, I was thinking my life was done. Being alive without the approaches to the problems you've fixed as a result of this report is a crucial case, as well as the ones which may have in a negative way damaged my entire career if I hadn't encountered your web blog. Your primary competence and kindness in touching a lot of things was excellent. I don't know what I would have done if I hadn't come upon such a stuff like this. I can at this time relish my future. Thank you very much for your specialized and amazing help. I won't think twice to recommend the sites to any individual who requires care on this situation.
bape http://www.bapesonline.com
Répondre pandora jewelry
à 15:54 le 1 décembre 2020 
I wish to point out my appreciation for your kind-heartedness in support of folks who absolutely need guidance on in this subject matter. Your real dedication to passing the message throughout was amazingly invaluable and has in most cases encouraged guys much like me to arrive at their dreams. Your personal warm and helpful information entails much a person like me and much more to my colleagues. Warm regards; from everyone of us.
pandora jewelry http://www.pandorasbracelet.us
Répondre canada goose
à 15:56 le 1 décembre 2020 
I needed to post you this little bit of observation to help say thanks a lot once again on your spectacular information you've shared here. It's certainly pretty open-handed of you to present without restraint precisely what a few individuals could have distributed for an e book in order to make some bucks for themselves, particularly seeing that you could possibly have done it in the event you considered necessary. Those techniques in addition acted to become fantastic way to recognize that the rest have similar eagerness much like mine to know the truth good deal more regarding this problem. I think there are many more fun occasions ahead for folks who browse through your blog.
canada goose http://www.canadagoosesoutlet.us
0