Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32946 commentaires

Répondre off white
à 2:59 le 29 novembre 2020 
I wanted to develop a quick remark to say thanks to you for the marvelous pointers you are placing at this site. My considerable internet search has now been rewarded with wonderful suggestions to go over with my co-workers. I would point out that we visitors actually are truly lucky to dwell in a fabulous network with so many marvellous individuals with great suggestions. I feel really grateful to have come across the site and look forward to really more fabulous minutes reading here. Thanks once again for a lot of things.
off white http://www.offwhiteoutlet.us.org
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 3:32 le 29 novembre 2020 
My husband and i were quite thrilled that Louis could carry out his investigations using the precious recommendations he discovered through the weblog. It is now and again perplexing to simply happen to be giving for free key points that other folks have been trying to sell. Therefore we consider we've got the blog owner to be grateful to because of that. All the illustrations you made, the simple site menu, the friendships you give support to promote - it's many exceptional, and it is assisting our son in addition to the family do think the topic is interesting, which is very vital. Thank you for all the pieces!
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengooseoutletstore.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 3:33 le 29 novembre 2020 
I precisely wished to say thanks yet again. I am not sure the things I would've worked on in the absence of the type of points revealed by you about such subject. It had been the terrifying scenario in my circumstances, nevertheless considering the well-written strategy you treated that forced me to cry with contentment. I am just grateful for the assistance and even sincerely hope you recognize what a great job you are always getting into training men and women all through your websites. Probably you have never met any of us.
supreme clothing http://www.supreme-clothing.us.com
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 7:21 le 29 novembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone a very marvellous possiblity to read in detail from this blog. It's usually very fantastic and as well , full of a lot of fun for me personally and my office colleagues to visit your site at the very least three times every week to study the newest tips you will have. And of course, I am at all times fulfilled for the amazing tactics you give. Some two ideas in this article are in truth the very best we've had.
supreme hoodie http://www.supreme-clothing.us.com
Répondre canada goose
à 7:47 le 29 novembre 2020 
I want to get across my gratitude for your kind-heartedness for those individuals that need guidance on that situation. Your real commitment to getting the solution all over became rather interesting and have truly encouraged professionals much like me to reach their targets. Your warm and friendly report can mean so much a person like me and much more to my office colleagues. With thanks; from all of us.
canada goose http://www.canadagooses-outlet.us.com
Répondre yeezy supply
à 10:30 le 29 novembre 2020 
Thank you for your entire work on this web site. My niece takes pleasure in engaging in internet research and it's really obvious why. All of us know all regarding the powerful method you render very important guidance via your web site and therefore invigorate response from other individuals on this area so our child is certainly being taught a whole lot. Have fun with the rest of the year. Your doing a very good job.
yeezy supply http://www.adidasyeezysupply.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350
à 11:49 le 29 novembre 2020 
I wish to show thanks to this writer for bailing me out of this type of situation. Because of looking throughout the the net and finding thoughts that were not beneficial, I figured my entire life was gone. Being alive minus the answers to the problems you've resolved by way of your good guideline is a critical case, and the ones which may have badly affected my entire career if I had not come across your web page. The knowledge and kindness in dealing with every part was excellent. I'm not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come upon such a thing like this. I can at this time look forward to my future. Thanks so much for the reliable and results-oriented help. I won't be reluctant to refer your web sites to anyone who ought to have support about this subject.
yeezy boost 350 http://www.yeezy350boost.us.com
Répondre curry 7
à 12:18 le 29 novembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone a very wonderful chance to read from here. It is always so great and full of a good time for me and my office fellow workers to search your web site nearly 3 times in 7 days to study the fresh issues you will have. And definitely, I'm certainly fulfilled with your special knowledge you give. Selected 2 areas on this page are truly the most efficient I have ever had.
curry 7 http://www.curry7.us
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 12:30 le 29 novembre 2020 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with such a marvellous chance to discover important secrets from this web site. It is usually very cool and packed with fun for me and my office peers to search your site really 3 times per week to find out the new guidance you have. Not to mention, I am also certainly amazed for the sensational techniques you give. Certain 3 areas in this post are undoubtedly the most suitable we have all ever had.
golden goose outlet http://www.golden-goose.us
Répondre moncler
à 14:48 le 29 novembre 2020 
I wanted to develop a simple remark so as to appreciate you for some of the amazing steps you are showing on this site. My long internet lookup has finally been paid with reputable information to write about with my family and friends. I would admit that most of us site visitors actually are undeniably endowed to dwell in a good website with many marvellous individuals with very helpful hints. I feel extremely blessed to have used your web page and look forward to so many more fabulous times reading here. Thanks once more for a lot of things.
moncler http://www.monclerjackets.us
Répondre giannis antetokounmpo shoes
à 14:58 le 29 novembre 2020 
Needed to send you this very little remark to give thanks once again regarding the marvelous suggestions you have contributed on this site. It has been simply incredibly open-handed of you to supply freely what a few people could possibly have sold as an e book to generate some profit for themselves, specifically since you could possibly have done it in case you considered necessary. These guidelines additionally worked like a great way to understand that most people have the same passion just as mine to figure out more and more on the topic of this matter. I am sure there are some more enjoyable occasions up front for those who read carefully your website.
giannis antetokounmpo shoes http://www.giannisantetokounmposhoes.us
Répondre air jordans
à 14:58 le 29 novembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for all your valuable effort on this web page. Betty really likes conducting research and it is simple to grasp why. Most people notice all relating to the compelling tactic you give very useful ideas via this web blog and as well invigorate participation from other ones about this theme and our own princess is really understanding a great deal. Take pleasure in the rest of the year. You are always doing a fantastic job.
air jordans http://www.cheap-airjordans.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 14:58 le 29 novembre 2020 
My husband and i ended up being really more than happy when Louis could round up his inquiry through the entire ideas he made through your weblog. It's not at all simplistic to simply choose to be giving away tips that many many others could have been making money from. And we all already know we now have the writer to thank for this. The specific explanations you made, the easy web site menu, the friendships you help promote - it's many amazing, and it is aiding our son in addition to our family imagine that that topic is fun, which is certainly really pressing. Thank you for all!
golden goose http://www.goldengooseofficial.com
Répondre off white shoes
à 14:59 le 29 novembre 2020 
I wish to express appreciation to this writer just for rescuing me from this difficulty. Because of browsing throughout the world-wide-web and coming across opinions which are not powerful, I assumed my entire life was well over. Living without the solutions to the difficulties you have solved by means of your entire write-up is a serious case, and ones which might have negatively damaged my career if I had not discovered your web site. Your actual talents and kindness in handling every aspect was important. I'm not sure what I would've done if I had not discovered such a point like this. I am able to at this time look forward to my future. Thanks so much for this expert and amazing guide. I won't hesitate to suggest the blog to anyone who would need guidance about this topic.
off white shoes http://www.off-whiteshoes.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350
à 14:59 le 29 novembre 2020 
I precisely wished to thank you so much yet again. I'm not certain the things that I would've worked on without the hints revealed by you relating to such a question. It was actually a real distressing crisis in my opinion, but seeing a new professional manner you processed that made me to leap over joy. I am thankful for the advice and then expect you are aware of a great job you are always providing instructing many people through the use of your webpage. I'm certain you have never met all of us.
yeezy boost 350 http://www.yeezy350boost.us.com
Répondre balenciaga shoes
à 15:00 le 29 novembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with an extraordinarily pleasant opportunity to read articles and blog posts from this site. It can be so brilliant plus packed with fun for me personally and my office co-workers to visit your blog on the least thrice in a week to read through the new secrets you have. And of course, I'm always pleased for the stunning inspiring ideas served by you. Some 3 facts in this post are basically the most impressive we have all ever had.
balenciaga shoes http://www.balenciagasus.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 15:00 le 29 novembre 2020 
I precisely desired to say thanks yet again. I am not sure the things that I would have handled in the absence of the secrets revealed by you directly on such a question. It was a real troublesome situation for me, but taking note of this expert tactic you managed it made me to jump for contentment. I will be grateful for this support and have high hopes you really know what a powerful job that you're doing educating many people through your webpage. I know that you have never got to know all of us.
supreme clothing http://www.supremesoutlet.us.com
Répondre canada goose
à 15:31 le 29 novembre 2020 
Thank you so much for providing individuals with an exceptionally memorable possiblity to discover important secrets from this site. It is usually so awesome and stuffed with a lot of fun for me personally and my office fellow workers to visit the blog minimum thrice every week to study the latest issues you have. Of course, I'm so at all times fascinated with your astonishing ideas you give. Selected 3 ideas in this article are undeniably the most impressive we've had.
canada goose http://www.canadagoosesoutlet.us
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 15:42 le 29 novembre 2020 
I wish to show my respect for your kindness giving support to men and women who must have help with this important subject matter. Your very own commitment to getting the solution all through turned out to be definitely helpful and have permitted employees like me to attain their aims. Your own invaluable guideline indicates this much to me and a whole lot more to my office workers. Warm regards; from everyone of us.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.adidasyeezy350v2boost.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 15:51 le 29 novembre 2020 
I truly wanted to write a message to be able to thank you for all of the wonderful ideas you are showing here. My time intensive internet investigation has finally been rewarded with awesome facts and strategies to talk about with my classmates and friends. I 'd assert that we site visitors actually are extremely endowed to live in a very good site with very many awesome people with beneficial principles. I feel very much blessed to have come across your web page and look forward to really more exciting moments reading here. Thanks once more for everything.
supreme clothing http://www.supreme-clothings.us.com
0