Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre goyard
à 23:07 le 26 novembre 2020 
I have to show my thanks to this writer just for bailing me out of this type of problem. Right after searching through the search engines and getting methods which were not helpful, I thought my life was well over. Existing without the presence of solutions to the problems you have solved through your main short post is a serious case, as well as the ones that might have in a negative way damaged my entire career if I hadn't encountered the blog. Your personal capability and kindness in touching every part was crucial. I don't know what I would've done if I hadn't come across such a solution like this. I am able to at this moment relish my future. Thank you so much for the reliable and results-oriented help. I will not be reluctant to recommend your web page to anyone who should have guide about this issue.
goyard http://www.goyardus.com
Répondre balenciaga shoes
à 23:07 le 26 novembre 2020 
Thanks for all your labor on this web page. My daughter takes pleasure in doing investigations and it is easy to see why. Most of us learn all relating to the lively ways you produce important tips by means of this web blog and as well as improve contribution from other individuals on this point plus our daughter is undoubtedly starting to learn so much. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the year. You're performing a really great job.
balenciaga shoes http://www.balenciaga-sneakers.us.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 23:07 le 26 novembre 2020 
I simply needed to appreciate you all over again. I'm not certain the things I would have implemented without the actual solutions documented by you on this field. Entirely was a depressing situation for me, however , understanding the very well-written way you solved that made me to leap for joy. I will be grateful for the guidance and sincerely hope you know what a powerful job you're accomplishing training many people through a site. I am sure you haven't got to know any of us.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengoosessale.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 23:09 le 26 novembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with an extraordinarily remarkable possiblity to read articles and blog posts from here. It's usually so good plus packed with amusement for me and my office co-workers to search your blog at minimum thrice weekly to learn the fresh things you will have. Not to mention, we are actually happy with the breathtaking suggestions served by you. Certain 1 points in this posting are essentially the finest I have had.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeshoodie.com
Répondre irving shoes
à 23:18 le 26 novembre 2020 
I truly wanted to post a simple comment in order to appreciate you for all the wonderful tips and hints you are posting on this website. My considerable internet search has at the end been recognized with really good details to go over with my neighbours. I would believe that most of us readers are very endowed to be in a great place with so many wonderful professionals with insightful opinions. I feel quite fortunate to have discovered the webpage and look forward to tons of more brilliant minutes reading here. Thanks once again for all the details.
irving shoes http://www.kyrieirving-shoes.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350
à 23:18 le 26 novembre 2020 
I must show some thanks to the writer for rescuing me from this type of situation. Just after browsing throughout the the net and finding tricks which were not beneficial, I believed my entire life was over. Living without the solutions to the issues you've resolved through your good post is a serious case, as well as those which might have adversely affected my career if I hadn't noticed your web blog. Your good expertise and kindness in taking care of all the details was priceless. I don't know what I would have done if I hadn't encountered such a thing like this. It's possible to at this time look ahead to my future. Thanks for your time very much for your impressive and amazing guide. I will not think twice to suggest the website to any person who should get direction about this topic.
yeezy boost 350 http://www.adidasyeezyboost350.us.com
Répondre birkin bag
à 23:18 le 26 novembre 2020 
I in addition to my buddies were actually reviewing the nice tips from your site and then quickly got an awful suspicion I never expressed respect to the site owner for them. The young boys became so warmed to see all of them and already have absolutely been taking advantage of those things. Appreciate your getting indeed kind and also for making a choice on variety of magnificent themes millions of individuals are really eager to understand about. Our own honest regret for not saying thanks to you sooner.
birkin bag http://www.birkinbag.us.com
Répondre off white shoes
à 23:18 le 26 novembre 2020 
I have to express my affection for your kindness for individuals that should have assistance with this particular matter. Your real commitment to passing the message all through turned out to be extremely important and has in most cases allowed folks much like me to get to their goals. The warm and friendly hints and tips means a whole lot a person like me and somewhat more to my office workers. Warm regards; from everyone of us.
off white shoes http://www.offwhiteshoes.us.com
Répondre moncler coat
à 23:18 le 26 novembre 2020 
I am commenting to make you be aware of of the useful discovery my wife's child encountered checking your webblog. She came to find many pieces, which include how it is like to possess a wonderful coaching mindset to have others effortlessly learn about some very confusing matters. You actually did more than visitors' expected results. I appreciate you for coming up with the necessary, healthy, educational not to mention easy thoughts on that topic to Janet.
moncler coat http://www.monclercoat.us.com
Répondre yeezy
à 23:18 le 26 novembre 2020 
I have to express my love for your kind-heartedness in support of persons who absolutely need help on this important field. Your special commitment to getting the solution across ended up being exceptionally valuable and has continuously enabled employees much like me to achieve their aims. Your interesting guideline entails this much to me and especially to my mates. Regards; from everyone of us.
yeezy http://www.yeezyadidas.us
Répondre kd 12
à 23:18 le 26 novembre 2020 
I precisely wanted to say thanks once more. I do not know the things that I could possibly have used in the absence of the actual aspects provided by you regarding this concern. Previously it was a daunting issue in my circumstances, nevertheless viewing a professional tactic you treated the issue forced me to jump for fulfillment. I'm just happy for the service and thus hope you realize what a great job that you're doing instructing the mediocre ones through your website. I am sure you have never got to know any of us.
kd 12 http://www.kd12.org
Répondre bape hoodie
à 23:18 le 26 novembre 2020 
I not to mention my pals happened to be checking out the great pointers located on your site while all of the sudden I had an awful suspicion I had not thanked you for those techniques. Most of the guys came for that reason happy to read all of them and already have definitely been having fun with those things. Thanks for indeed being well helpful and then for utilizing these kinds of incredible subject areas millions of individuals are really wanting to know about. Our own sincere apologies for not expressing appreciation to you sooner.
bape hoodie http://www.bapehoodie.us
Répondre hermes handbags
à 23:18 le 26 novembre 2020 
My husband and i ended up being so more than happy that Raymond could finish up his investigation through the ideas he made using your web site. It's not at all simplistic to simply choose to be offering helpful hints which often some others might have been making money from. We really realize we've got the website owner to appreciate for that. The illustrations you have made, the easy blog menu, the friendships you can give support to instill - it's got all extraordinary, and it's really letting our son and the family know that this subject matter is excellent, and that's quite vital. Thanks for the whole thing!
hermes handbags http://www.hermes-handbags.us.com
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 23:18 le 26 novembre 2020 
I just wanted to jot down a simple remark to express gratitude to you for some of the wonderful tips and tricks you are showing here. My rather long internet search has now been rewarded with brilliant points to exchange with my family and friends. I 'd express that many of us visitors are very endowed to be in a useful community with so many marvellous individuals with very beneficial things. I feel very much blessed to have encountered your web pages and look forward to tons of more amazing moments reading here. Thanks once more for a lot of things.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoose-sneakers.us
Répondre off white nike
à 23:24 le 26 novembre 2020 
My husband and i were really contented that Peter could finish up his investigations using the ideas he got through the web site. It's not at all simplistic to just always be giving away hints that people today may have been making money from. We recognize we've got the writer to give thanks to for this. All of the illustrations you made, the easy website navigation, the friendships you will make it easier to create - it's many astonishing, and it is making our son in addition to us recognize that that article is fun, which is certainly exceptionally indispensable. Many thanks for all!
off white nike http://www.nikexoffwhite.com
Répondre ggdb
à 23:41 le 26 novembre 2020 
I definitely wanted to send a word to be able to appreciate you for these wonderful tricks you are sharing at this website. My considerable internet look up has at the end been rewarded with awesome tips to go over with my friends and classmates. I 'd assert that many of us visitors are extremely blessed to dwell in a superb community with so many awesome people with very beneficial concepts. I feel rather fortunate to have come across the website page and look forward to so many more pleasurable times reading here. Thanks once more for everything.
ggdb http://www.golden-gooses.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 23:41 le 26 novembre 2020 
I must show some appreciation to this writer for rescuing me from this difficulty. Just after surfing throughout the world-wide-web and meeting views which are not helpful, I assumed my life was well over. Being alive without the presence of strategies to the problems you've solved by means of your entire review is a serious case, as well as those which may have negatively damaged my entire career if I had not come across your web blog. Your actual talents and kindness in handling the whole lot was excellent. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not come across such a subject like this. I am able to at this point look forward to my future. Thanks very much for the specialized and effective help. I won't be reluctant to suggest your web blog to anybody who desires counselling about this subject.
golden goose outlet http://www.golden-goose.us.com
Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 23:41 le 26 novembre 2020 
I as well as my buddies happened to be taking note of the best information from your website and so the sudden came up with a terrible feeling I had not expressed respect to the web site owner for them. My women came for that reason joyful to read through all of them and already have sincerely been taking pleasure in these things. Appreciate your indeed being very considerate and then for settling on this form of decent subject areas millions of individuals are really needing to be aware of. My sincere regret for not expressing gratitude to earlier.
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrieirving-shoes.us.com
Répondre michael jordan shoes
à 23:41 le 26 novembre 2020 
I precisely wished to thank you very much yet again. I'm not certain the things I would've gone through without the recommendations discussed by you concerning such a concern. It truly was the distressing matter in my position, however , finding out your well-written strategy you processed the issue forced me to leap with gladness. I'm just happier for the work and then sincerely hope you really know what a powerful job your are accomplishing training the others by way of a site. Most probably you've never met all of us.
michael jordan shoes http://www.michaeljordanshoes.us.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 23:41 le 26 novembre 2020 
I and my friends appeared to be looking through the good helpful hints on your website while instantly I got a horrible feeling I never expressed respect to the site owner for those techniques. All the people are already for that reason happy to read through them and already have unquestionably been enjoying these things. Many thanks for turning out to be considerably considerate and for figuring out this sort of magnificent subject matter most people are really desirous to learn about. My very own honest regret for not expressing appreciation to you earlier.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengooseoutlet.org
0