Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre supreme clothing
à 16:36 le 23 novembre 2020 
I wanted to write you that bit of word to give many thanks as before on the striking strategies you have shown here. It is so shockingly generous with people like you to give openly what numerous people could have marketed for an e-book in order to make some money for their own end, most notably since you might well have tried it if you decided. The guidelines also served like a easy way to comprehend the rest have the same interest much like my personal own to understand good deal more with regard to this problem. I think there are numerous more pleasurable instances in the future for folks who check out your blog.
supreme clothing http://www.supreme-newyork.us.com
Répondre paul george shoes
à 16:38 le 23 novembre 2020 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with remarkably special opportunity to read critical reviews from this site. It is always so enjoyable and as well , packed with a good time for me and my office co-workers to search the blog really thrice in a week to see the new secrets you have got. And of course, I am just usually satisfied considering the sensational ideas you serve. Some 4 tips in this posting are really the most impressive we have had.
paul george shoes http://www.paulgeorgeshoes.us.com
Répondre bape x adidas ultra boost stockx
à 17:04 le 23 novembre 2020 
conjunto adidas mujer blanco y negrobuzo nike 2019camiseta barça conmemorativa nikechandal adidas niño zalando
bape x adidas ultra boost stockx http://www.greenenergysabina.it/jordan_retro_11/bape-x-adidas-ult
ra-boost-stockx
Répondre longchamp outlet
à 17:05 le 23 novembre 2020 
My wife and i ended up being so ecstatic Albert managed to do his homework out of the precious recommendations he came across from your own web page. It's not at all simplistic to just be releasing procedures which usually the others may have been trying to sell. And now we see we have you to thank because of that. The most important illustrations you made, the simple site menu, the relationships you will make it possible to create - it's got all extraordinary, and it's assisting our son in addition to our family reason why that content is enjoyable, and that's incredibly mandatory. Thanks for all!
longchamp outlet http://www.longchampoutlets.us
Répondre chrome hearts online store
à 18:17 le 23 novembre 2020 
I am also commenting to make you be aware of of the remarkable discovery my cousin's child found reading your blog. She picked up a good number of details, most notably what it is like to possess a wonderful coaching spirit to make many people without hassle have an understanding of a variety of multifaceted subject matter. You really exceeded readers' expected results. Many thanks for offering those essential, trusted, explanatory and as well as fun tips about your topic to Julie.
chrome hearts online store http://www.chromeheartstoreonline.com
Répondre jordan 6
à 18:23 le 23 novembre 2020 
I am only commenting to make you know what a superb encounter my wife's princess gained checking yuor web blog. She realized numerous things, not to mention how it is like to have an incredible helping character to let certain people without difficulty know just exactly specified complex matters. You truly did more than visitors' desires. I appreciate you for showing these necessary, healthy, informative as well as cool tips on your topic to Kate.
jordan 6 http://www.jordan6.us.com
Répondre kyrie shoes
à 18:31 le 23 novembre 2020 
I'm also writing to let you understand what a great experience my wife's girl found reading the blog. She learned too many pieces, most notably how it is like to possess an awesome teaching heart to get a number of people easily completely grasp a variety of tricky issues. You truly surpassed her expectations. Many thanks for supplying these powerful, trusted, educational and in addition cool tips about your topic to Lizeth.
kyrie shoes http://www.kyrie4shoes.us
Répondre off white shoes
à 19:26 le 23 novembre 2020 
My spouse and i were quite satisfied when Raymond managed to deal with his web research by way of the precious recommendations he received through your web pages. It's not at all simplistic to simply happen to be releasing procedures which usually the rest may have been selling. And we also do know we've got the writer to thank because of that. The main explanations you made, the simple website menu, the relationships you can help engender - it's got all amazing, and it's aiding our son and us imagine that this subject is excellent, which is certainly unbelievably fundamental. Thank you for the whole lot!
off white shoes http://www.offwhiteshoes.us.com
Répondre balenciaga shoes
à 19:47 le 23 novembre 2020 
Thanks so much for giving everyone an extraordinarily brilliant opportunity to discover important secrets from this site. It's always so kind and as well , jam-packed with a great time for me personally and my office friends to search your web site nearly thrice in one week to read through the new secrets you have. And of course, we are certainly fulfilled with your unique pointers you give. Certain two ideas on this page are basically the most suitable we've had.
balenciaga shoes http://www.balenciagashoes.us.com
Répondre longchamp
à 19:57 le 23 novembre 2020 
I and also my pals have already been taking note of the best secrets and techniques from the blog and so at once I had an awful suspicion I had not expressed respect to the site owner for those strategies. All of the young men ended up certainly joyful to read through them and already have honestly been taking advantage of them. I appreciate you for getting considerably accommodating as well as for choosing this sort of great subjects most people are really desirous to be informed on. Our own sincere regret for not expressing appreciation to you earlier.
longchamp http://www.longchampshandbags.us.org
Répondre kd 10
à 20:02 le 23 novembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for every one of your work on this blog. My mom delights in managing internet research and it's easy to see why. We all learn all regarding the compelling manner you convey powerful things via this website and as well as boost contribution from other ones on that concern so our own princess is without a doubt starting to learn so much. Enjoy the rest of the new year. You're the one carrying out a dazzling job.
kd 10 http://www.kd10.us
Répondre jordan shoes
à 20:24 le 23 novembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for all your valuable labor on this website. My daughter really likes participating in investigations and it's simple to grasp why. A number of us notice all of the lively ways you offer good tips by means of your blog and even improve contribution from other ones on the issue so our favorite child is without question discovering so much. Have fun with the remaining portion of the year. You have been doing a splendid job.
jordan shoes http://www.cheapjordan.us
Répondre jordan shoes
à 20:32 le 23 novembre 2020 
I intended to draft you this very small remark to be able to give many thanks over again relating to the pleasing tips you've featured on this website. This has been quite unbelievably open-handed of people like you to make extensively just what a lot of folks could have made available as an electronic book to help make some profit on their own, specifically since you might well have done it in the event you desired. The good tips as well worked to become easy way to be certain that many people have the identical dream just as my very own to see whole lot more in respect of this condition. I think there are lots of more fun instances up front for individuals that scan your blog.
jordan shoes http://www.jordanshoes.us
Répondre birkin bag
à 21:17 le 23 novembre 2020 
I am just commenting to let you understand what a terrific experience our girl had going through your web page. She figured out lots of pieces, with the inclusion of what it is like to possess a great helping style to make men and women very easily grasp certain multifaceted things. You really did more than her desires. I appreciate you for supplying the great, trustworthy, revealing and unique guidance on your topic to Sandra.
birkin bag http://www.hermesbirkinbags.us.com
Répondre air yeezy
à 21:25 le 23 novembre 2020 
I and my buddies ended up looking through the excellent key points found on your web page while then came up with a horrible feeling I had not expressed respect to you for them. Those young men were definitely so very interested to see all of them and already have pretty much been making the most of those things. Thanks for actually being really helpful and for picking out this kind of useful issues millions of individuals are really needing to learn about. My very own sincere regret for not saying thanks to sooner.
air yeezy http://www.yeezysshoes.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350
à 21:27 le 23 novembre 2020 
I want to express some appreciation to this writer just for bailing me out of this particular dilemma. As a result of researching through the the net and obtaining opinions which are not pleasant, I was thinking my entire life was gone. Existing without the solutions to the problems you have fixed through your entire short article is a critical case, and ones which might have negatively affected my career if I had not noticed your website. Your own expertise and kindness in taking care of the whole thing was valuable. I'm not sure what I would've done if I had not encountered such a subject like this. I am able to now look forward to my future. Thanks so much for the impressive and effective guide. I will not hesitate to recommend the website to anyone who ought to have support on this problem.
yeezy boost 350 http://www.yeezy-350.us.com
Répondre kobe 9
à 21:32 le 23 novembre 2020 
My spouse and i have been thankful when Albert could carry out his basic research because of the ideas he obtained from your very own blog. It's not at all simplistic to just happen to be making a gift of techniques which other folks have been selling. We really fully understand we have got the website owner to thank for that. The type of illustrations you made, the straightforward site menu, the relationships you can assist to create - it's got everything awesome, and it's really leading our son in addition to our family reckon that this concept is thrilling, which is extraordinarily pressing. Many thanks for everything!
kobe 9 http://www.kobebasketballshoes.net
Répondre kevin durant shoes
à 22:09 le 23 novembre 2020 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with an exceptionally memorable possiblity to check tips from this site. It can be so useful plus jam-packed with a lot of fun for me personally and my office peers to search your website the equivalent of three times in one week to find out the newest secrets you have. Of course, I'm just usually fulfilled with all the very good points you give. Some two ideas in this post are indeed the very best we have had.
kevin durant shoes http://www.kd-shoes.us
Répondre balenciaga shoes
à 22:32 le 23 novembre 2020 
Thanks for every one of your work on this website. Kate loves setting aside time for investigations and it's really easy to see why. We notice all about the powerful means you convey very helpful tricks by means of this blog and therefore attract participation from other individuals on the idea then our own princess has been discovering a whole lot. Take pleasure in the rest of the year. Your doing a powerful job.
balenciaga shoes http://www.balenciagasus.com
Répondre goyard bags
à 22:34 le 23 novembre 2020 
I not to mention my friends were found to be following the excellent pointers from the blog then then developed an awful feeling I never expressed respect to you for those strategies. Most of the young boys ended up as a consequence excited to learn all of them and have now undoubtedly been tapping into these things. Many thanks for really being simply accommodating and for using this sort of fabulous guides most people are really needing to discover. My honest apologies for not expressing gratitude to you sooner.
goyard bags http://www.goyardhandbags.us.org
0