Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre curry shoes
à 11:54 le 22 novembre 2020 
My spouse and i were so ecstatic Emmanuel could do his analysis via the ideas he grabbed out of your web site. It's not at all simplistic to simply continually be freely giving tips and hints which people today have been making money from. And we realize we need the writer to thank for this. The specific illustrations you have made, the straightforward website menu, the relationships you give support to engender - it's got everything impressive, and it's facilitating our son in addition to us reckon that the concept is fun, and that is exceedingly vital. Thank you for the whole thing!
curry shoes http://www.curryshoes.net
Répondre jordan shoes
à 12:27 le 22 novembre 2020 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with an extremely splendid opportunity to read in detail from this website. It is usually so terrific and also stuffed with a great time for me personally and my office co-workers to visit the blog more than 3 times every week to read the fresh stuff you have got. Of course, I'm also actually astounded with your special suggestions you serve. Some two points in this article are absolutely the best I have ever had.
jordan shoes http://www.michaeljordanshoes.us.com
Répondre longchamp handbags
à 13:11 le 22 novembre 2020 
My spouse and i were absolutely comfortable when Edward managed to round up his web research by way of the precious recommendations he obtained through your web page. It's not at all simplistic just to happen to be handing out information people could have been trying to sell. So we acknowledge we have got the blog owner to appreciate for that. The main illustrations you've made, the straightforward site menu, the friendships your site help to foster - it's everything wonderful, and it is facilitating our son in addition to our family reason why this article is interesting, which is certainly quite mandatory. Thanks for all!
longchamp handbags http://www.longchampshandbags.us.org
Répondre a bathing ape
à 13:18 le 22 novembre 2020 
Thanks for all of the efforts on this website. My mother enjoys participating in investigation and it is obvious why. All of us notice all about the lively manner you render advantageous items through your blog and therefore encourage contribution from some others on that situation so our own simple princess is truly learning a lot. Have fun with the rest of the new year. Your carrying out a very good job.
a bathing ape http://www.bapehoodie.us
Répondre balenciaga speed
à 13:18 le 22 novembre 2020 
I would like to show my love for your kind-heartedness in support of persons that really need help with this important topic. Your personal dedication to getting the message all-around was amazingly valuable and have surely allowed associates just like me to arrive at their goals. The warm and friendly useful information signifies so much a person like me and even more to my office workers. With thanks; from everyone of us.
balenciaga speed http://www.balenciagaspeeds.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 14:39 le 22 novembre 2020 
I intended to put you a very small observation so as to thank you again with the exceptional views you have provided in this article. It's really remarkably open-handed of you to convey publicly what exactly a number of people could possibly have supplied as an e-book to make some dough on their own, particularly seeing that you could have tried it if you considered necessary. Those tips likewise served to become easy way to realize that other people online have similar desire much like mine to realize way more in regard to this problem. I am certain there are lots of more pleasant occasions in the future for folks who looked over your website.
supreme clothing http://www.supremesclothing.us.org
Répondre supreme shirts
à 15:18 le 22 novembre 2020 
Needed to compose you a little bit of remark in order to give many thanks the moment again for these exceptional principles you have documented on this site. This has been quite extremely generous of people like you to make without restraint all numerous people would've sold for an electronic book to help make some money for their own end, especially since you might have tried it if you decided. These principles also acted like the great way to comprehend some people have a similar keenness the same as my very own to learn more and more with respect to this condition. I think there are lots of more fun periods in the future for individuals that read your website.
supreme shirts http://www.supremeclothing.us.org
Répondre jordan shoes
à 16:06 le 22 novembre 2020 
My wife and i were very comfortable when John managed to deal with his research from your ideas he made using your blog. It's not at all simplistic to just continually be giving freely strategies which usually other folks might have been trying to sell. And we also already know we now have you to give thanks to for that. These explanations you've made, the easy blog navigation, the relationships your site aid to promote - it is most awesome, and it is leading our son and the family imagine that the subject is interesting, which is tremendously important. Thanks for the whole lot!
jordan shoes http://www.jordans.com.co
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 17:02 le 22 novembre 2020 
Thank you for your own work on this website. My mom enjoys managing internet research and it's easy to understand why. I hear all concerning the lively way you present simple things on this blog and as well foster participation from some other people on this theme then my princess is certainly becoming educated so much. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the year. You are always doing a good job.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezysus.com
Répondre pandora
à 17:08 le 22 novembre 2020 
My husband and i felt quite satisfied that Louis could round up his reports by way of the precious recommendations he acquired from your very own weblog. It's not at all simplistic to just possibly be releasing methods people may have been trying to sell. We know we've got you to appreciate for this. Most of the explanations you have made, the straightforward website navigation, the relationships you will make it easier to create - it is everything excellent, and it is making our son and us recognize that the topic is brilliant, which is extraordinarily serious. Thanks for all the pieces!
pandora http://www.outletpandora.us.com
Répondre kobe 9
à 17:12 le 22 novembre 2020 
My husband and i felt very comfortable Ervin managed to finish off his investigations through the ideas he grabbed when using the web site. It's not at all simplistic just to be offering key points a number of people have been trying to sell. And we see we now have the writer to give thanks to because of that. Those illustrations you've made, the simple site menu, the friendships you make it easier to create - it is most incredible, and it's really making our son and our family know that the matter is amusing, which is exceedingly pressing. Thank you for all the pieces!
kobe 9 http://www.kobebasketballshoes.net
Répondre lebron shoes
à 17:12 le 22 novembre 2020 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with an exceptionally splendid possiblity to read critical reviews from this website. It is usually very kind plus packed with a good time for me and my office mates to search your site not less than three times every week to read through the latest stuff you will have. And lastly, I'm so always happy with the effective pointers served by you. Some 3 areas on this page are surely the most beneficial I have ever had.
lebron shoes http://www.lebron17s.us
Répondre moncler sale
à 17:13 le 22 novembre 2020 
I must point out my affection for your kindness for men and women that actually need help with this one question. Your special commitment to passing the solution all-around appeared to be particularly advantageous and have truly empowered women much like me to attain their ambitions. The warm and friendly facts can mean a lot to me and especially to my peers. Thank you; from each one of us.
moncler sale http://www.moncleroutletsale.us.com
Répondre air jordans
à 17:14 le 22 novembre 2020 
My wife and i have been so more than happy Raymond could finish off his reports through the precious recommendations he discovered when using the web site. It is now and again perplexing to just choose to be offering steps that many others may have been selling. And we all discover we've got the website owner to appreciate because of that. All of the explanations you have made, the straightforward blog menu, the relationships your site help to engender - it's all wonderful, and it is leading our son and the family imagine that this situation is fun, which is truly serious. Thanks for everything!
air jordans http://www.cheap-airjordans.us.com
Répondre nike shox for women
à 17:14 le 22 novembre 2020 
I in addition to my pals were analyzing the nice strategies found on the website and suddenly developed a terrible suspicion I had not expressed respect to the website owner for those tips. All the ladies are already totally passionate to read through all of them and have without a doubt been having fun with these things. Thanks for being very helpful and then for obtaining some very good tips millions of individuals are really desperate to know about. My very own honest apologies for not expressing appreciation to sooner.
nike shox for women http://www.nike-shox.us.com
Répondre bape hoodie
à 17:26 le 22 novembre 2020 
I truly wanted to make a small word so as to say thanks to you for the magnificent tricks you are posting on this site. My considerable internet search has now been paid with sensible tips to write about with my family and friends. I would tell you that we website visitors actually are very endowed to live in a fabulous place with many special professionals with very beneficial guidelines. I feel extremely happy to have seen your entire web page and look forward to some more amazing times reading here. Thanks once again for a lot of things.
bape hoodie http://www.bapehoodie.us
Répondre supreme
à 17:32 le 22 novembre 2020 
I wanted to create you the little bit of word to be able to thank you so much as before for those gorgeous thoughts you have provided above. It was really unbelievably generous with people like you to give unreservedly precisely what a number of people could have made available as an e-book to end up making some cash on their own, particularly since you could have tried it in the event you desired. These advice in addition acted as a good way to recognize that some people have the identical interest the same as my personal own to learn a whole lot more pertaining to this matter. I'm sure there are millions of more pleasant instances up front for those who look over your blog post.
supreme http://www.supremeclothings.us.com
Répondre hermes birkin
à 17:45 le 22 novembre 2020 
I'm commenting to make you understand of the wonderful encounter my friend's princess had studying the blog. She picked up a wide variety of issues, including what it's like to possess a great giving spirit to make folks completely have an understanding of several specialized subject matter. You actually exceeded my expectations. Thanks for presenting these insightful, dependable, informative and as well as fun guidance on this topic to Janet.
hermes birkin http://www.hermesbirkinbags.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost
à 18:01 le 22 novembre 2020 
I actually wanted to post a quick remark so as to thank you for all the stunning tips you are posting at this site. My extended internet research has at the end been paid with incredibly good information to exchange with my company. I 'd assume that most of us site visitors actually are rather fortunate to exist in a very good site with very many lovely people with good hints. I feel truly fortunate to have used the site and look forward to tons of more thrilling minutes reading here. Thanks once more for all the details.
yeezy boost http://www.yeezyboost-350v2.us.com
Répondre curry 7
à 18:11 le 22 novembre 2020 
My wife and i felt so lucky that Albert could finish off his investigation with the ideas he obtained out of the web pages. It's not at all simplistic to just continually be making a gift of information and facts people today have been making money from. And we all consider we need the writer to be grateful to for this. The entire explanations you have made, the straightforward blog menu, the friendships your site make it possible to create - it is everything powerful, and it is aiding our son and our family believe that this theme is interesting, and that's exceedingly vital. Many thanks for the whole thing!
curry 7 http://www.curry7.us
0