Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre supreme hoodie
à 13:00 le 21 novembre 2020 
My spouse and i have been really fortunate when John could complete his reports through the ideas he received from your site. It's not at all simplistic to simply choose to be making a gift of techniques many others might have been making money from. So we understand we need the writer to be grateful to because of that. The main explanations you have made, the simple web site menu, the friendships you make it easier to promote - it is all powerful, and it is letting our son in addition to the family reckon that that concept is interesting, and that is incredibly fundamental. Thanks for everything!
supreme hoodie http://www.supremeshoodie.com
Répondre westbrook shoes
à 13:02 le 21 novembre 2020 
I am just commenting to let you know what a remarkable discovery my wife's daughter undergone going through the blog. She mastered numerous things, with the inclusion of what it's like to possess an amazing giving mood to let other folks effortlessly completely grasp specified hard to do subject areas. You really exceeded people's expectations. Many thanks for providing these important, healthy, informative and unique guidance on your topic to Lizeth.
westbrook shoes http://www.russellwestbrookshoes.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 13:02 le 21 novembre 2020 
I and also my friends were analyzing the best tactics located on your website and so then developed a terrible suspicion I never expressed respect to the web blog owner for them. The women were definitely stimulated to study all of them and have in effect clearly been using these things. Many thanks for simply being simply kind and also for finding such great ideas most people are really desperate to discover. Our sincere apologies for not saying thanks to you earlier.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes-clothing.com
Répondre golden goose
à 13:02 le 21 novembre 2020 
I precisely needed to appreciate you once more. I am not sure what I could possibly have tried in the absence of these information shared by you relating to that concern. It had become a frightening matter in my opinion, however , being able to see your specialized strategy you managed the issue forced me to leap for delight. Now i'm happy for your work and as well , expect you recognize what an amazing job you are putting in instructing men and women with the aid of your web site. I am certain you haven't met any of us.
golden goose http://www.goldengoose-shoes.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 13:02 le 21 novembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with remarkably memorable opportunity to discover important secrets from this website. It can be so great and as well , full of amusement for me and my office friends to visit your blog on the least 3 times weekly to study the newest things you have. And indeed, I'm also always impressed with your spectacular tips served by you. Some two points on this page are absolutely the best I've ever had.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezy-boost350.us.com
Répondre off white clothing
à 13:02 le 21 novembre 2020 
I intended to compose you one very little remark to finally thank you once again for your personal magnificent guidelines you have contributed at this time. It was quite tremendously generous with you to supply unhampered what exactly most of us would've distributed for an e book to make some money for themselves, especially considering that you could have done it if you considered necessary. Those basics as well acted as the good way to fully grasp that someone else have a similar fervor just like mine to realize somewhat more when it comes to this problem. I am certain there are many more enjoyable periods in the future for folks who go through your website.
off white clothing http://www.offwhiteclothing.us.com
Répondre off white shoes
à 13:02 le 21 novembre 2020 
Thank you a lot for giving everyone a very marvellous possiblity to read in detail from this site. It is usually so beneficial plus packed with a great time for me and my office peers to visit your site at the least three times every week to read through the newest guides you have. And lastly, I'm also usually astounded with the effective concepts you give. Selected two areas on this page are really the best we have all ever had.
off white shoes http://www.off-whiteshoes.us.com
Répondre nike x off white
à 13:02 le 21 novembre 2020 
I have to get across my admiration for your kindness in support of those who absolutely need help on that content. Your real commitment to passing the message around was especially interesting and have usually encouraged employees much like me to arrive at their objectives. Your entire warm and friendly hints and tips means a whole lot a person like me and especially to my fellow workers. Thank you; from all of us.
nike x off white http://www.nikexoffwhite.com
Répondre jordans
à 13:03 le 21 novembre 2020 
I intended to put you one very small word so as to say thank you over again for these gorgeous advice you've documented here. It has been so wonderfully open-handed with people like you to supply easily exactly what a few individuals could possibly have distributed as an e book to earn some money for their own end, most importantly since you could possibly have done it in case you wanted. The solutions additionally served to be the easy way to recognize that other individuals have the same zeal much like my own to figure out significantly more in regard to this problem. I'm sure there are lots of more fun times ahead for individuals that look over your blog.
jordans http://www.jordanssneakers.us.com
Répondre air jordan
à 13:03 le 21 novembre 2020 
I wanted to put you one little bit of remark to help say thanks the moment again regarding the nice opinions you have shared on this site. It has been incredibly open-handed with you to provide unreservedly what a few individuals would have supplied as an electronic book to generate some profit for their own end, particularly considering that you could have done it in the event you wanted. Those tips additionally served as a great way to fully grasp most people have the same interest much like mine to understand great deal more regarding this matter. I think there are thousands of more pleasurable moments up front for individuals that looked at your site.
air jordan http://www.jordans.com.co
Répondre yeezy outlet
à 13:03 le 21 novembre 2020 
I would like to express some appreciation to you for bailing me out of this type of challenge. Right after exploring through the the web and coming across recommendations which are not helpful, I was thinking my entire life was done. Existing without the presence of answers to the problems you have resolved by means of your good short article is a crucial case, as well as ones which might have negatively damaged my career if I had not come across your web page. Your own personal expertise and kindness in touching the whole lot was tremendous. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not come upon such a thing like this. I'm able to now relish my future. Thanks for your time very much for this high quality and effective guide. I won't be reluctant to propose your web page to anybody who wants and needs guidance about this area.
yeezy outlet http://www.yeezyboostoutlet.us.com
Répondre bape clothing
à 13:03 le 21 novembre 2020 
Thank you for your own hard work on this site. My niece takes pleasure in conducting investigation and it's easy to see why. A lot of people know all concerning the dynamic mode you deliver great tips and hints via the web site and therefore attract response from other ones on the point then my girl is certainly being taught a great deal. Have fun with the remaining portion of the year. You're carrying out a glorious job.
bape clothing http://www.bape-clothing.us
Répondre supreme t shirt
à 13:14 le 21 novembre 2020 
My spouse and i have been relieved Ervin managed to carry out his basic research with the ideas he acquired out of the web site. It is now and again perplexing to just possibly be giving for free points that the rest might have been trying to sell. And we also fully grasp we have got the writer to thank for that. All the explanations you've made, the simple blog menu, the relationships you aid to create - it's got mostly terrific, and it is facilitating our son and our family believe that that issue is exciting, which is incredibly mandatory. Many thanks for the whole thing!
supreme t shirt http://www.supremeoutlet.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 13:34 le 21 novembre 2020 
I intended to put you the little bit of word to finally thank you as before for those magnificent guidelines you've contributed on this page. This has been certainly tremendously generous with people like you to grant unhampered what a few people would've offered for sale as an electronic book to help with making some dough on their own, primarily considering that you could possibly have tried it if you considered necessary. Those basics also worked as the great way to be certain that some people have the same interest similar to my personal own to see more in terms of this issue. I think there are several more pleasant situations ahead for folks who look into your website.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.adidasyeezy350v2boost.com
Répondre cheap jordans
à 13:38 le 21 novembre 2020 
I must express appreciation to the writer for bailing me out of this problem. Just after looking throughout the the web and meeting methods which are not pleasant, I figured my life was well over. Living without the presence of strategies to the problems you have sorted out all through your guide is a critical case, as well as ones which could have in a negative way damaged my entire career if I had not noticed your site. Your personal competence and kindness in playing with a lot of stuff was useful. I'm not sure what I would've done if I hadn't encountered such a step like this. I'm able to at this point look ahead to my future. Thanks so much for your reliable and sensible guide. I won't be reluctant to endorse your web page to anybody who needs and wants guide about this matter.
cheap jordans http://www.cheap-airjordans.us.com
Répondre kyrie 5 spongebob
à 13:39 le 21 novembre 2020 
I'm commenting to let you know of the notable discovery my cousin's princess developed checking your webblog. She figured out several issues, including what it is like to possess an excellent teaching style to get many people with no trouble know precisely chosen tortuous topics. You truly exceeded our expected results. Many thanks for giving such priceless, healthy, informative and even cool thoughts on this topic to Sandra.
kyrie 5 spongebob http://www.kyrie5spongebob.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 13:46 le 21 novembre 2020 
I intended to post you that tiny observation to say thanks again with your stunning pointers you have provided on this page. This is really tremendously open-handed with you to grant freely precisely what a number of people could have advertised for an e-book to make some money for their own end, and in particular since you might have done it if you desired. These guidelines as well worked to be a great way to know that other individuals have the identical dream really like my own to figure out a lot more with regards to this condition. I think there are thousands of more pleasurable situations ahead for many who view your website.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothing.us.org
Répondre retro jordans
à 13:47 le 21 novembre 2020 
My husband and i got really fulfilled when Albert could complete his researching while using the precious recommendations he made using your blog. It's not at all simplistic to simply happen to be handing out helpful hints which often other people have been selling. We recognize we have got the writer to appreciate because of that. The most important illustrations you made, the easy site navigation, the relationships you will make it easier to foster - it is everything remarkable, and it's assisting our son and the family know that this issue is pleasurable, and that is truly serious. Thank you for the whole lot!
retro jordans http://www.retro-jordans.us.com
Répondre é??販 ç??æ´» ã?¹ã?ªã??ã??
à 14:26 le 21 novembre 2020 
trimble gyroecco offroad testblack conversepikolinos andorra boot
?? ?? ???? http://www.lejardinsecretdeclara.com/%e3%82%a2%e3%82%b7%e3%83%83%
e3%82%af%e3%82%b9_%e3%83%a9%e3%83%b3%e3%83%8b%e3%83%b3%e3%82%b0_%
e3%82%b7%e3%83%a5%e3%83%bc%e3%82%ba/%e9%80%9a%e8%b2%a9-%e7%94%9f%
e6%b4%bb-%e3%82%b9%e3%83%aa%e3%83%83%e3%83%91
Répondre kawhi leonard shoes
à 14:35 le 21 novembre 2020 
I truly wanted to make a message to thank you for all the precious pointers you are showing on this website. My time-consuming internet investigation has finally been rewarded with beneficial ideas to go over with my relatives. I 'd say that we readers actually are extremely lucky to live in a wonderful community with so many wonderful professionals with insightful guidelines. I feel very much blessed to have used the site and look forward to plenty of more enjoyable moments reading here. Thanks a lot once more for all the details.
kawhi leonard shoes http://www.kawhileonardshoes.us
0