Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre yeezys
à 4:20 le 20 novembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of your whole efforts on this site. My mom delights in setting aside time for internet research and it's really simple to grasp why. My spouse and i learn all relating to the dynamic tactic you produce rewarding steps via the web site and therefore recommend response from the others on this subject while my daughter is without question being taught so much. Have fun with the rest of the new year. You have been performing a first class job.
yeezys http://www.yeezy-shoes.us.org
Répondre jordan shoes
à 4:22 le 20 novembre 2020 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with an extremely nice opportunity to read from this site. It can be so amazing and stuffed with a lot of fun for me and my office co-workers to search your web site minimum 3 times weekly to study the fresh things you will have. Not to mention, we are usually motivated with all the exceptional points you give. Selected 4 facts in this post are undoubtedly the most efficient I have had.
jordan shoes http://www.air-jordanshoes.us.org
Répondre balenciaga
à 4:33 le 20 novembre 2020 
I happen to be writing to make you know of the notable discovery my cousin's girl had using your webblog. She discovered so many things, which included what it is like to possess an awesome helping character to make folks smoothly thoroughly grasp a number of advanced topics. You actually did more than readers' expected results. I appreciate you for presenting these good, dependable, edifying not to mention unique guidance on that topic to Jane.
balenciaga http://www.balenciaga.us.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 5:12 le 20 novembre 2020 
I wish to show thanks to this writer for bailing me out of this type of crisis. As a result of browsing throughout the world-wide-web and coming across ideas which were not productive, I figured my entire life was gone. Living minus the solutions to the issues you've sorted out through your review is a crucial case, and those which could have badly damaged my career if I had not encountered your website. Your main knowledge and kindness in handling every aspect was important. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come across such a solution like this. I'm able to now relish my future. Thanks very much for your professional and amazing help. I will not think twice to refer your web page to anybody who should get assistance about this situation.
yeezy shoes http://www.adidasyeezyshoes.com
Répondre lebron shoes
à 5:22 le 20 novembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for your own hard work on this blog. My mom really likes participating in investigations and it is easy to understand why. Most people know all about the powerful mode you produce both useful and interesting ideas via the web blog and as well invigorate contribution from others on that situation then my girl is starting to learn a whole lot. Enjoy the rest of the year. You are always doing a tremendous job.
lebron shoes http://www.lebronjamesshoes.name
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 6:30 le 20 novembre 2020 
I precisely wanted to say thanks once more. I am not sure the things that I would've done without the actual suggestions discussed by you directly on this subject. It actually was a very frightful setting in my position, nevertheless spending time with the specialised form you managed that made me to leap for happiness. Now i'm grateful for your guidance and even believe you recognize what an amazing job you have been undertaking training many others through a web site. More than likely you've never encountered all of us.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezysshoes.us.com
Répondre moncler outlet
à 7:39 le 20 novembre 2020 
I want to point out my love for your kindness supporting men and women that must have help with this important situation. Your personal dedication to getting the solution throughout was quite insightful and has in most cases helped guys and women much like me to get to their dreams. Your useful help and advice signifies much a person like me and even further to my peers. Warm regards; from everyone of us.
moncler outlet http://www.monclersoutlet.us.com
Répondre cheap jordans
à 8:32 le 20 novembre 2020 
I precisely had to appreciate you once again. I am not sure the things I might have achieved in the absence of these ideas contributed by you relating to such situation. It seemed to be a real frightful scenario in my circumstances, however , considering the expert form you managed the issue took me to cry with contentment. I am thankful for your advice and then expect you recognize what a great job you happen to be providing teaching people by way of your webpage. I am certain you've never met any of us.
cheap jordans http://www.cheapjordans.us.com
Répondre golden goose sale
à 9:38 le 20 novembre 2020 
I simply wanted to thank you very much once again. I do not know the things I would have accomplished without these tips shown by you about such theme. It had been a horrifying circumstance in my circumstances, nevertheless considering the very expert strategy you treated it made me to jump for happiness. I will be grateful for this service as well as wish you really know what a powerful job that you are undertaking teaching other individuals via a site. Most probably you haven't got to know any of us.
golden goose sale http://www.golden-goose.us.com
Répondre goyard handbags
à 11:19 le 20 novembre 2020 
I together with my pals have already been taking note of the good tips and hints found on your web site and suddenly got an awful feeling I had not expressed respect to the web site owner for those strategies. All of the women were as a result joyful to see all of them and have without a doubt been taking pleasure in these things. Appreciate your simply being quite helpful and then for figuring out this form of fabulous topics most people are really wanting to be aware of. Our own honest regret for not expressing gratitude to earlier.
goyard handbags http://www.goyardus.com
Répondre hermes belt
à 12:02 le 20 novembre 2020 
I happen to be commenting to let you understand what a perfect experience my cousin's daughter undergone going through your site. She discovered a wide variety of issues, not to mention what it is like to have a marvelous teaching character to let many more just understand a number of very confusing subject matter. You really surpassed people's desires. Thank you for presenting such warm and helpful, dependable, explanatory not to mention unique thoughts on your topic to Jane.
hermes belt http://www.hermesbelts.com
Répondre off white hoodie
à 13:31 le 20 novembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone remarkably nice chance to discover important secrets from this site. It's usually so ideal and as well , stuffed with amusement for me personally and my office co-workers to search your website no less than thrice weekly to read through the latest secrets you have. And indeed, we're actually motivated concerning the mind-blowing inspiring ideas you give. Selected 4 tips in this post are really the best we have had.
off white hoodie http://www.offwhitehoodie.us.com
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 13:45 le 20 novembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of your whole work on this web page. Kate really likes working on investigations and it's obvious why. We all know all regarding the lively ways you make reliable tips by means of this blog and even strongly encourage response from others on that subject so our own child is without question learning a whole lot. Have fun with the remaining portion of the new year. You're doing a powerful job.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.org
Répondre irving shoes
à 14:31 le 20 novembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for your entire efforts on this web page. My aunt really likes working on internet research and it's really easy to see why. Many of us learn all relating to the lively form you deliver very useful techniques on this blog and as well recommend participation from other individuals on that issue and our simple princess is really being taught so much. Enjoy the remaining portion of the new year. You have been doing a brilliant job.
irving shoes http://www.kyrieirving-shoes.us.com
Répondre supreme new york
à 14:33 le 20 novembre 2020 
I precisely had to appreciate you once again. I am not sure what I could possibly have worked on in the absence of the actual hints discussed by you relating to that subject matter. Completely was a real distressing matter in my opinion, but encountering a new expert avenue you handled it took me to jump for gladness. Extremely happier for your support and thus expect you find out what an amazing job that you are doing instructing the others using your web page. Most likely you've never met all of us.
supreme new york http://www.supreme-clothings.us.com
Répondre kobe sneakers
à 14:59 le 20 novembre 2020 
I in addition to my pals appeared to be reading through the excellent procedures located on your site and then then got an awful suspicion I had not expressed respect to the web blog owner for those tips. Those young boys happened to be certainly happy to study them and have now in actuality been loving those things. Thank you for actually being indeed kind as well as for obtaining this kind of superior themes millions of individuals are really desperate to be aware of. My personal honest regret for not saying thanks to you sooner.
kobe sneakers http://www.kobesneakers.com
Répondre kyrie 3
à 15:12 le 20 novembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with an extraordinarily terrific opportunity to discover important secrets from this blog. It's usually so enjoyable and full of amusement for me and my office friends to search your web site more than thrice in 7 days to read the newest tips you have got. And indeed, I'm usually satisfied for the incredible guidelines served by you. Selected two ideas on this page are particularly the finest we've ever had.
kyrie 3 http://www.kyrie3.us.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 16:30 le 20 novembre 2020 
I simply wanted to type a quick comment in order to appreciate you for the precious ideas you are posting on this website. My long internet look up has at the end been rewarded with professional tips to go over with my family. I would express that many of us readers actually are unquestionably endowed to exist in a decent place with many awesome individuals with beneficial concepts. I feel quite lucky to have encountered your entire website and look forward to tons of more thrilling minutes reading here. Thanks a lot once again for a lot of things.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengoose-outlet.us.com
Répondre kyrie 6 shoes
à 16:45 le 20 novembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for all your efforts on this web page. Ellie takes pleasure in going through investigations and it's simple to grasp why. A lot of people notice all of the compelling means you render powerful items through your website and as well boost contribution from other individuals on the area of interest so our daughter is always becoming educated a great deal. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the new year. Your conducting a terrific job.
kyrie 6 shoes http://www.kyrie-6.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 17:36 le 20 novembre 2020 
I want to show my thanks to you for bailing me out of this particular setting. Because of looking through the search engines and obtaining opinions which are not powerful, I figured my life was over. Being alive without the strategies to the problems you have fixed as a result of your guide is a critical case, and those which may have negatively affected my career if I hadn't discovered your web page. Your actual natural talent and kindness in dealing with the whole thing was useful. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come across such a thing like this. I can now look ahead to my future. Thanks for your time so much for your professional and effective help. I will not be reluctant to propose your blog post to anyone who needs and wants direction about this matter.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezyboost-350v2.us.com
0