Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre yeezy
à 21:42 le 19 novembre 2020 
Needed to write you this tiny note in order to thank you very much yet again with your great principles you have provided here. It was simply tremendously generous of people like you to present without restraint just what a few individuals might have made available as an electronic book to earn some dough for themselves, most notably seeing that you could have tried it if you decided. These solutions in addition worked as a good way to be certain that other people online have similar dream the same as my personal own to see good deal more related to this matter. I know there are millions of more fun periods up front for folks who see your website.
yeezy http://www.yeezy-shoes.us.org
Répondre jordan shoes
à 21:42 le 19 novembre 2020 
Thank you for every one of your labor on this website. Gloria delights in managing internet research and it's simple to grasp why. A number of us hear all about the dynamic way you give reliable tricks through this web site and as well as boost contribution from people on that area so our own simple princess is actually starting to learn a great deal. Take advantage of the rest of the new year. You're the one doing a stunning job.
jordan shoes http://www.cheapjordans.us.com
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 21:42 le 19 novembre 2020 
I together with my buddies have been checking the nice pointers located on your website while unexpectedly I had an awful feeling I never expressed respect to the web site owner for those tips. These guys were definitely thrilled to read all of them and now have definitely been having fun with these things. Thanks for turning out to be so thoughtful and also for using this form of awesome resources millions of individuals are really eager to discover. Our sincere regret for not saying thanks to earlier.
golden goose sneakers http://www.golden-gooses.com
Répondre kyrie 6
à 21:42 le 19 novembre 2020 
I would like to show my thanks to you just for rescuing me from this particular dilemma. Because of surfing through the the web and finding methods which were not powerful, I figured my entire life was over. Being alive minus the solutions to the difficulties you've resolved all through your entire guideline is a serious case, and the kind which may have in a negative way damaged my entire career if I hadn't encountered your blog. That natural talent and kindness in touching the whole thing was important. I don't know what I would have done if I had not come across such a stuff like this. I can at this moment look ahead to my future. Thanks very much for this expert and sensible guide. I will not hesitate to suggest your web site to any individual who desires care on this situation.
kyrie 6 http://www.kyrie6shoes.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 21:42 le 19 novembre 2020 
I precisely wanted to thank you very much yet again. I'm not certain the things I might have undertaken without the pointers shared by you concerning that field. It was the horrifying difficulty in my opinion, however , considering this specialized tactic you treated that made me to cry for delight. I will be happier for your assistance and in addition hope you recognize what an amazing job that you're getting into instructing most people via your blog. Most likely you haven't met any of us.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothings.us.com
Répondre chrome hearts outlet
à 21:42 le 19 novembre 2020 
My spouse and i have been now glad Raymond could round up his researching through the precious recommendations he discovered through the web pages. It's not at all simplistic just to possibly be giving for free information that many others could have been selling. Therefore we keep in mind we need the website owner to appreciate for this. The entire illustrations you made, the easy website menu, the relationships you assist to instill - it is all incredible, and it is facilitating our son and our family recognize that that situation is entertaining, and that's tremendously indispensable. Thanks for all!
chrome hearts outlet http://www.chromehearts.com.co
Répondre bape hoodie
à 21:42 le 19 novembre 2020 
I'm commenting to make you understand of the beneficial experience my friend's girl found checking the blog. She even learned some issues, not to mention what it's like to have an ideal coaching spirit to make certain people with no trouble know precisely specified complicated subject areas. You truly did more than visitors' expected results. Thank you for displaying these priceless, trusted, revealing and easy thoughts on this topic to Mary.
bape hoodie http://www.bape-hoodie.us.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 21:42 le 19 novembre 2020 
I have to point out my respect for your generosity giving support to those individuals that really need assistance with this one concern. Your real commitment to passing the solution around was really valuable and has in every case permitted guys much like me to arrive at their goals. Your entire important help indicates a whole lot to me and additionally to my peers. Thank you; from all of us.
jordan shoes http://www.jordanssneakers.us.com
Répondre supreme
à 21:57 le 19 novembre 2020 
I needed to write you this little word to be able to say thanks once again for these exceptional tactics you have provided in this article. It has been certainly tremendously generous with you to allow unreservedly all a few individuals would have supplied as an electronic book to get some cash for themselves, particularly given that you might well have done it if you wanted. Those advice in addition worked as a great way to fully grasp that the rest have a similar dreams just as my own to learn good deal more related to this condition. I know there are a lot more pleasant situations up front for people who scan your blog.
supreme http://www.supremes.us.org
Répondre supreme new york
à 22:05 le 19 novembre 2020 
My spouse and i ended up being now cheerful Louis managed to finish up his web research via the precious recommendations he grabbed using your site. It's not at all simplistic to just be offering concepts which often some people could have been trying to sell. We really do understand we have the writer to appreciate for that. Those explanations you made, the straightforward website menu, the relationships your site make it possible to create - it's got mostly astonishing, and it's really leading our son in addition to our family recognize that this topic is excellent, which is unbelievably mandatory. Many thanks for the whole thing!
supreme new york http://www.supremenewyork.us.com
Répondre kd 13
à 22:05 le 19 novembre 2020 
I precisely wanted to thank you very much all over again. I'm not certain the things I would have created in the absence of these hints documented by you regarding such a area. This was the scary scenario for me, but encountering the very expert fashion you resolved it forced me to leap with fulfillment. I am just grateful for your help and believe you know what an amazing job that you're carrying out teaching people using your web site. More than likely you have never encountered all of us.
kd 13 http://www.kd13.us
Répondre jordan shoes
à 22:17 le 19 novembre 2020 
I precisely desired to thank you very much once again. I'm not certain the things I would've created in the absence of the actual methods provided by you regarding that area of interest. This has been a difficult crisis in my opinion, nevertheless taking a look at a expert mode you managed that forced me to weep over delight. Now i'm happier for the work and even expect you really know what an amazing job you were undertaking educating many people using your web page. I know that you haven't come across all of us.
jordan shoes http://www.jordanstoreonline.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 22:19 le 19 novembre 2020 
I have to express appreciation to the writer just for rescuing me from this type of challenge. Just after browsing through the world wide web and getting suggestions which were not powerful, I thought my entire life was over. Living minus the strategies to the problems you have solved by means of the posting is a critical case, and the ones which may have negatively affected my entire career if I hadn't encountered your web page. Your good skills and kindness in taking care of all things was tremendous. I don't know what I would've done if I had not come upon such a subject like this. I can also at this time relish my future. Thanks for your time so much for the high quality and results-oriented help. I will not think twice to endorse your web blog to any individual who ought to have guide on this problem.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothings.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 22:45 le 19 novembre 2020 
I am just commenting to let you be aware of of the excellent encounter my cousin's daughter encountered reading through yuor web blog. She picked up a lot of details, most notably how it is like to have an incredible helping spirit to let others without difficulty thoroughly grasp selected multifaceted subject areas. You truly surpassed my expected results. Many thanks for distributing the beneficial, trustworthy, explanatory and fun tips about your topic to Evelyn.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezy-v2.com
Répondre golden goose shoes
à 23:19 le 19 novembre 2020 
I and my buddies ended up reading through the good techniques found on your website and so instantly developed a horrible suspicion I never thanked the website owner for those strategies. Those young boys appeared to be so passionate to read through them and already have certainly been taking advantage of those things. Thank you for turning out to be well considerate and for deciding upon this kind of superior tips millions of individuals are really desirous to discover. Our own honest apologies for not saying thanks to you sooner.
golden goose shoes http://www.goldengooseoutlets.us
Répondre nike epic react
à 23:33 le 19 novembre 2020 
Thank you so much for giving everyone an extraordinarily terrific opportunity to read from this site. It is often very excellent and also jam-packed with fun for me personally and my office colleagues to visit your site no less than thrice in one week to study the latest tips you have. And of course, we are certainly astounded with the good things served by you. Certain 2 areas on this page are easily the very best we have all ever had.
nike epic react http://www.nikereact.org
Répondre off white clothing
à 1:04 le 20 novembre 2020 
I wanted to write a brief remark so as to say thanks to you for all the awesome tips and hints you are giving on this website. My considerable internet research has at the end been rewarded with reasonable insight to exchange with my neighbours. I would tell you that most of us visitors are unequivocally endowed to be in a notable site with very many special professionals with great tricks. I feel truly happy to have used the website page and look forward to some more excellent times reading here. Thanks a lot once again for all the details.
off white clothing http://www.offwhiteclothing.us.com
Répondre goyard handbags
à 2:11 le 20 novembre 2020 
I am writing to make you be aware of of the incredible experience my princess undergone going through your web site. She mastered such a lot of details, with the inclusion of how it is like to have a great giving spirit to make others very easily grasp specified hard to do topics. You undoubtedly did more than my expectations. Thank you for churning out the informative, trustworthy, edifying not to mention unique tips about the topic to Jane.
goyard handbags http://www.goyardus.com
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 2:23 le 20 novembre 2020 
I want to express my appreciation to the writer for bailing me out of this type of matter. As a result of surfing around through the the web and seeing strategies that were not pleasant, I thought my life was done. Being alive minus the strategies to the issues you have solved all through the website is a serious case, as well as ones which may have adversely affected my entire career if I had not noticed your web blog. Your good competence and kindness in handling all the details was very useful. I'm not sure what I would've done if I hadn't discovered such a subject like this. I am able to at this moment relish my future. Thanks a lot so much for your skilled and effective help. I won't be reluctant to endorse your web sites to any individual who ought to have assistance about this situation.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.com
Répondre cheap jordans
à 2:29 le 20 novembre 2020 
I wish to point out my appreciation for your kind-heartedness in support of individuals that absolutely need assistance with this important idea. Your special dedication to getting the message across turned out to be rather significant and have without exception enabled employees much like me to realize their dreams. Your entire informative tutorial can mean a whole lot to me and still more to my office colleagues. Thanks a ton; from all of us.
cheap jordans http://www.air-jordanshoes.us.org
0