Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre off white nike
à 1:12 le 19 novembre 2020 
Thanks for each of your efforts on this blog. Kate really likes participating in internet research and it's obvious why. A number of us notice all of the compelling form you provide important strategies on the blog and recommend contribution from some other people about this concept while our own girl is in fact being taught a whole lot. Have fun with the remaining portion of the year. Your conducting a wonderful job.
off white nike http://www.offwhite.us.com
Répondre longchamps
à 1:14 le 19 novembre 2020 
I want to show my appreciation to the writer just for bailing me out of this particular issue. As a result of researching through the world-wide-web and meeting ways that were not helpful, I thought my entire life was well over. Being alive without the answers to the problems you've sorted out as a result of your good blog post is a crucial case, as well as ones which may have negatively affected my career if I hadn't discovered your web page. Your primary mastery and kindness in controlling the whole lot was excellent. I am not sure what I would've done if I hadn't come upon such a point like this. I can at this moment relish my future. Thanks a lot very much for this specialized and results-oriented guide. I will not think twice to propose the website to any individual who needs to have recommendations about this issue.
longchamps http://www.longchamphandbagsus.com
Répondre moncler sale
à 1:16 le 19 novembre 2020 
I simply needed to appreciate you once more. I'm not certain the things that I might have gone through in the absence of the actual aspects documented by you regarding such a field. Certainly was a real frightful crisis in my opinion, nevertheless viewing the well-written style you treated it made me to weep over gladness. Extremely grateful for your service and then pray you realize what a great job that you are providing teaching many others by way of a blog. I am certain you've never met all of us.
moncler sale http://www.moncleroutletsale.us.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 1:26 le 19 novembre 2020 
I and my friends were digesting the excellent key points on your web page then all of a sudden I got an awful feeling I never thanked you for those techniques. Those boys had been for this reason joyful to study all of them and have now extremely been having fun with those things. Appreciation for indeed being indeed helpful and then for having such superior ideas most people are really eager to learn about. My personal sincere apologies for not expressing appreciation to you earlier.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengooseoutletstore.com
Répondre hermes bag
à 1:34 le 19 novembre 2020 
I wish to convey my respect for your generosity for those who really need guidance on in this issue. Your special commitment to getting the solution all-around had become extremely important and have regularly made most people just like me to arrive at their pursuits. Your important key points can mean a lot a person like me and additionally to my office colleagues. Thank you; from each one of us.
hermes bag http://www.hermes-handbags.us.com
Répondre supreme new york
à 1:49 le 19 novembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of all of your effort on this web site. Betty loves working on investigations and it is simple to grasp why. I know all relating to the lively medium you present vital tactics by means of the web blog and therefore inspire participation from others on the concern while my princess is starting to learn so much. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the year. You're the one carrying out a splendid job.
supreme new york http://www.supremenewyork.us.com
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 1:54 le 19 novembre 2020 
I simply had to thank you very much all over again. I do not know the things I might have tried in the absence of these creative concepts contributed by you directly on such a theme. It has been the traumatic dilemma for me, however , taking note of your expert tactic you managed the issue made me to weep over happiness. I will be thankful for your support and as well , believe you really know what a powerful job you're accomplishing educating many people thru your blog. Most probably you've never encountered any of us.
supreme hoodie http://www.supreme-clothings.us.com
Répondre goyard
à 2:07 le 19 novembre 2020 
I truly wanted to write a brief note to be able to appreciate you for those magnificent facts you are writing on this site. My prolonged internet investigation has at the end of the day been rewarded with sensible information to exchange with my friends and classmates. I 'd point out that many of us visitors are very much fortunate to live in a very good network with so many perfect professionals with very helpful guidelines. I feel very happy to have seen your webpages and look forward to plenty of more excellent moments reading here. Thank you once more for a lot of things.
goyard http://www.goyardhandbag.us
Répondre jordan retro
à 2:20 le 19 novembre 2020 
I precisely wished to thank you very much once more. I am not sure the things I could possibly have tried in the absence of those tips contributed by you over this subject matter. It actually was a real hard condition in my position, nevertheless looking at your specialized technique you resolved it forced me to leap for fulfillment. I am just grateful for your assistance as well as hope you are aware of a powerful job that you are undertaking instructing the rest thru your site. I'm certain you've never encountered any of us.
jordan retro http://www.jordan-retro.us.com
Répondre longchamp outlet
à 2:57 le 19 novembre 2020 
I'm writing to make you know of the beneficial experience my princess encountered reading the blog. She came to find too many pieces, which include what it's like to have an excellent helping character to let a number of people effortlessly grasp selected tortuous things. You truly exceeded people's expected results. I appreciate you for presenting those necessary, healthy, informative and in addition fun thoughts on this topic to Tanya.
longchamp outlet http://www.longchampoutlets.us
Répondre çµ?å©? å¼?å?ºå¸­ ç??ç??ã?¬ã?³ã?¿ã?«
à 3:33 le 19 novembre 2020 
gu ??�????? ???? ??�????? ?? ??????�??????�?/a???? ??�?/a
?? �??? ?�????? http://www.the-place-hasami.com/%e3%83%8a%e3%82%a4%e3%82%ad_%e3%8
3%aa%e3%83%a5%e3%83%83%e3%82%af/%e7%b5%90%e5%a9%9a-%e5%bc%8f-%e5%
87%ba%e5%b8%ad-%e7%9d%80%e7%89%a9-%e3%83%ac%e3%83%b3%e3%82%bf%e3%
83%ab
Répondre supreme
à 4:05 le 19 novembre 2020 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with such a superb possiblity to read critical reviews from this website. It is often very enjoyable and also packed with a good time for me personally and my office peers to visit your blog minimum 3 times in one week to study the fresh items you will have. And indeed, I am also always happy concerning the impressive concepts served by you. Some 2 facts in this post are rather the most beneficial we've ever had.
supreme http://www.supremesoutlet.us.com
Répondre retro jordans
à 4:14 le 19 novembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for all your valuable effort on this web site. My aunt loves going through internet research and it is obvious why. We all hear all about the lively method you render efficient techniques through your web site and as well as attract contribution from others on the area of interest plus our own daughter is in fact learning a whole lot. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the new year. You are doing a tremendous job.
retro jordans http://www.jordan-retro.us.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 4:15 le 19 novembre 2020 
I actually wanted to type a message to be able to thank you for these superb tips and tricks you are writing at this site. My extended internet lookup has at the end been recognized with sensible knowledge to go over with my close friends. I would state that that many of us site visitors actually are quite blessed to be in a magnificent site with very many marvellous individuals with great advice. I feel rather blessed to have used your entire web site and look forward to some more brilliant times reading here. Thanks a lot once more for a lot of things.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengooseoutlet.org
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 4:47 le 19 novembre 2020 
I must show my respect for your kind-heartedness in support of men and women that actually need assistance with your field. Your real commitment to passing the message all around was wonderfully beneficial and have all the time empowered associates just like me to achieve their goals. Your entire warm and helpful tutorial means this much a person like me and extremely more to my colleagues. Thanks a lot; from all of us.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezyboost350v2s.us
Répondre calvin klein outlet
à 4:54 le 19 novembre 2020 
I'm just writing to make you understand of the exceptional discovery my princess experienced visiting your web site. She figured out such a lot of things, including what it is like to possess an amazing teaching mindset to get certain people smoothly know just exactly several problematic matters. You truly did more than my expected results. Thanks for providing those interesting, trusted, revealing and cool tips about your topic to Evelyn.
calvin klein outlet http://www.calvinkleinoutlet.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 6:20 le 19 novembre 2020 
Thank you for all your valuable labor on this website. My mum take interest in managing internet research and it is obvious why. Many of us know all relating to the compelling method you present functional information on your web blog and therefore increase participation from some other people on the theme while our favorite simple princess is certainly being taught so much. Take advantage of the rest of the new year. You're the one conducting a really great job.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezysshoes.us.com
Répondre balenciaga
à 7:03 le 19 novembre 2020 
My husband and i ended up being really satisfied when Albert could complete his web research with the ideas he gained using your site. It is now and again perplexing to simply continually be offering helpful tips that many people today may have been selling. And we grasp we have the writer to thank because of that. The entire illustrations you have made, the straightforward site menu, the relationships you help to instill - it is mostly awesome, and it's facilitating our son and us reason why that theme is exciting, and that is unbelievably important. Thanks for the whole lot!
balenciaga http://www.balenciaga.us.com
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 7:37 le 19 novembre 2020 
My wife and i ended up being very satisfied when Michael could finish off his studies through the entire precious recommendations he gained out of the web site. It is now and again perplexing to just be offering tricks most people may have been making money from. We really realize we have the blog owner to appreciate for that. All the explanations you've made, the simple site menu, the friendships you can make it possible to create - it's many fabulous, and it's really leading our son in addition to us understand this subject is amusing, and that's highly pressing. Thank you for the whole thing!
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.org
Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 9:49 le 19 novembre 2020 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with an extraordinarily splendid chance to discover important secrets from here. It is often very great and jam-packed with a great time for me and my office fellow workers to search your web site really thrice in a week to read through the latest stuff you have. And lastly, I'm also actually astounded with all the magnificent concepts you give. Certain two tips on this page are surely the most efficient we've ever had.
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrieirving-shoes.us.com
0