Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 4:16 le 17 novembre 2020 
Thanks for each of your hard work on this web site. My aunt delights in going through research and it's easy to understand why. Most of us know all about the lively medium you render useful secrets via the blog and therefore inspire contribution from website visitors on the issue plus my daughter is truly starting to learn a great deal. Take advantage of the rest of the new year. You have been doing a fabulous job.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoosesonline.com
Répondre cheap jordans
à 4:16 le 17 novembre 2020 
I would like to get across my passion for your kindness for people who require assistance with this situation. Your special commitment to passing the solution all through had become extraordinarily effective and have specifically helped others much like me to realize their objectives. Your personal interesting facts indicates a whole lot to me and further more to my office colleagues. Regards; from everyone of us.
cheap jordans http://www.jordans.com.co
Répondre golden goose
à 4:16 le 17 novembre 2020 
I simply wanted to write down a brief comment in order to say thanks to you for some of the wonderful points you are placing at this website. My time-consuming internet lookup has finally been paid with reputable information to share with my companions. I would state that that we readers are undoubtedly lucky to exist in a wonderful community with so many brilliant individuals with valuable tactics. I feel pretty lucky to have used the weblog and look forward to so many more pleasurable times reading here. Thanks once again for a lot of things.
golden goose http://www.goldengooseoutlet.org
Répondre calvin klein outlet
à 4:16 le 17 novembre 2020 
I intended to post you the tiny observation so as to say thanks a lot once again on your splendid strategies you have contributed on this page. It's certainly wonderfully open-handed with you giving easily what exactly many of us would've advertised for an e-book in making some cash on their own, even more so now that you might have done it if you ever decided. The suggestions likewise acted to provide a great way to realize that someone else have the identical desire just like my very own to learn much more with respect to this problem. I'm sure there are millions of more pleasant periods up front for many who scan your site.
calvin klein outlet http://www.calvinkleinoutlet.us.com
Répondre chrome hearts outlet
à 4:16 le 17 novembre 2020 
I have to show my admiration for your kindness for all those that must have help with that theme. Your personal dedication to passing the message all around came to be particularly practical and has without exception made regular people much like me to get to their aims. Your new useful tutorial can mean so much to me and additionally to my office workers. Regards; from everyone of us.
chrome hearts outlet http://www.chromeheartstoreonline.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 4:16 le 17 novembre 2020 
I'm just commenting to make you understand what a really good experience my friend's princess gained browsing your web site. She realized so many details, with the inclusion of what it is like to have an excellent teaching mindset to let men and women very easily know precisely a variety of complicated subject matter. You undoubtedly surpassed people's desires. Many thanks for supplying such priceless, healthy, educational not to mention easy thoughts on this topic to Julie.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeoutlet.us.com
Répondre supreme new york
à 4:16 le 17 novembre 2020 
Needed to draft you one bit of observation to be able to thank you once again over the nice techniques you have shown on this website. It is certainly wonderfully generous with you to offer easily all some people would've made available as an electronic book to generate some cash for their own end, most importantly seeing that you could have tried it in case you decided. Those pointers as well served as a good way to fully grasp someone else have the identical zeal just as mine to understand whole lot more on the topic of this problem. I'm sure there are thousands of more fun opportunities ahead for folks who check out your site.
supreme new york http://www.supremenewyork.us.com
Répondre off white clothing
à 4:16 le 17 novembre 2020 
I truly wanted to post a brief message so as to express gratitude to you for the magnificent points you are showing on this site. My extensive internet lookup has at the end of the day been paid with beneficial insight to write about with my family and friends. I would express that we site visitors actually are definitely endowed to be in a superb site with very many lovely individuals with beneficial points. I feel rather fortunate to have discovered your entire web site and look forward to so many more exciting minutes reading here. Thanks again for all the details.
off white clothing http://www.offwhiteclothing.us.com
Répondre nike lebron shoes
à 4:16 le 17 novembre 2020 
My spouse and i ended up being quite delighted Jordan managed to complete his researching through the ideas he obtained from your own site. It's not at all simplistic to just find yourself giving freely procedures men and women might have been selling. We really discover we need the writer to give thanks to because of that. All the explanations you made, the simple web site menu, the relationships you can aid to engender - it's got everything spectacular, and it's really making our son in addition to the family recognize that the concept is amusing, and that's unbelievably essential. Thanks for the whole thing!
nike lebron shoes http://www.lebron17s.us
Répondre pg 1
à 4:23 le 17 novembre 2020 
I'm just writing to make you know what a helpful encounter my cousin's daughter found reading your site. She discovered numerous details, which include what it's like to possess an incredible helping style to have other people without hassle master chosen problematic things. You really did more than our own expectations. I appreciate you for rendering those helpful, dependable, informative and easy tips about your topic to Sandra.
pg 1 http://www.paulgeorgeshoes.us.com
Répondre air jordan
à 4:25 le 17 novembre 2020 
I as well as my buddies were found to be examining the good strategies from your website while immediately got a horrible suspicion I had not thanked the web site owner for those techniques. Those people were definitely for that reason happy to study all of them and have in effect in actuality been having fun with these things. Thank you for getting really helpful and also for finding this sort of marvelous resources most people are really desperate to be aware of. My personal honest apologies for not expressing appreciation to earlier.
air jordan http://www.cheapjordan.us
Répondre balenciaga sneakers
à 4:36 le 17 novembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of all of your work on this web page. My mum takes pleasure in doing research and it is easy to understand why. All of us hear all regarding the lively manner you make very useful information through the website and as well as boost contribution from some other people about this subject matter and my child is now discovering a lot. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the new year. Your doing a good job.
balenciaga sneakers http://www.balenciagasus.com
Répondre calvin klein outlet
à 5:16 le 17 novembre 2020 
I precisely desired to thank you very much once more. I am not sure the things I would've used without the actual thoughts discussed by you about that theme. This has been a very alarming setting in my circumstances, but observing a specialized avenue you managed that forced me to leap with contentment. I'm just thankful for this guidance as well as expect you know what a great job you have been carrying out educating most people with the aid of your web site. I am certain you haven't met any of us.
calvin klein outlet http://www.calvinkleinoutlet.us.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 6:37 le 17 novembre 2020 
I must convey my passion for your kindness giving support to those who need help with your theme. Your very own commitment to passing the message around appeared to be incredibly significant and have consistently made employees just like me to reach their objectives. Your entire warm and friendly information can mean a whole lot to me and substantially more to my mates. With thanks; from each one of us.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezysneakers.us
Répondre yeezy
à 7:56 le 17 novembre 2020 
Needed to create you this very small word to be able to give many thanks again for all the pleasing principles you have documented in this case. This is certainly particularly generous of you to present freely precisely what a lot of people would have marketed as an e-book in making some bucks for themselves, primarily considering that you might have done it if you desired. Those things as well served to provide a good way to know that some people have the identical passion much like my very own to realize somewhat more with respect to this condition. Certainly there are thousands of more pleasant instances in the future for many who discover your site.
yeezy http://www.yeezy350boost.us.com
Répondre nike shox
à 9:00 le 17 novembre 2020 
I happen to be commenting to make you know of the cool encounter my child developed browsing yuor web blog. She figured out plenty of things, which include what it is like to possess an ideal coaching mindset to make folks without problems know just exactly selected problematic subject matter. You really did more than readers' desires. Thanks for displaying such effective, trusted, revealing and also unique tips about that topic to Janet.
nike shox http://www.nike-shox.us.com
Répondre cotton traders mens slip on shoes
à 9:04 le 17 novembre 2020 
botas de nieve para mujernike dunk high pro sb supreme orangechanclas coronel tapiocadeportivas nike air max 270 react hombre
cotton traders mens slip on shoes https://www.pansigjournal.org/cotton-traders-mens-slip-on-shoes
Répondre types of converse
à 10:01 le 17 novembre 2020 
??�?80uq �??? ??�???�?/a?????? ?? ???? �??? ????
types of converse http://www.sanayitipifirin.com/burros_para_ropa/types-of-converse
Répondre kobe shoes
à 10:11 le 17 novembre 2020 
I would like to show my thanks to this writer just for bailing me out of such a issue. Right after browsing throughout the internet and getting techniques which are not beneficial, I was thinking my life was done. Existing without the presence of strategies to the difficulties you have fixed by way of this article is a crucial case, as well as the kind which could have adversely damaged my career if I hadn't noticed the blog. Your personal skills and kindness in controlling every item was excellent. I'm not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come across such a solution like this. It's possible to now look forward to my future. Thanks for your time very much for your high quality and amazing guide. I will not hesitate to refer your web site to anybody who would need recommendations on this area.
kobe shoes http://www.kobe-shoes.us.com
Répondre curry 7 shoes
à 11:48 le 17 novembre 2020 
I simply desired to thank you so much again. I am not sure the things that I could possibly have accomplished without the solutions documented by you about such problem. It became the scary case for me, but taking a look at your specialized fashion you managed that took me to jump for gladness. I am thankful for the support and even expect you are aware of a great job that you are putting in instructing many people by way of your webpage. I am sure you have never met any of us.
curry 7 shoes http://www.curry7.us
0