Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre jordan 12
à 22:17 le 16 novembre 2020 
My spouse and i got fulfilled that Jordan managed to conclude his research because of the precious recommendations he obtained while using the web pages. It is now and again perplexing to simply possibly be handing out tips and hints which usually men and women have been making money from. And we fully grasp we have the website owner to be grateful to for this. The type of explanations you made, the easy website menu, the relationships you make it easier to create - it is many remarkable, and it's really aiding our son in addition to our family believe that the topic is entertaining, and that is very mandatory. Thank you for all!
jordan 12 http://www.jordan12.us.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 22:18 le 16 novembre 2020 
I want to get across my respect for your generosity supporting individuals who really want help with that issue. Your real dedication to getting the message all over was astonishingly beneficial and have truly enabled women much like me to attain their goals. Your personal informative advice entails this much a person like me and even more to my peers. Thanks a ton; from everyone of us.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezysus.com
Répondre moncler outlet
à 22:41 le 16 novembre 2020 
Thanks for every one of your labor on this blog. Kate takes pleasure in getting into investigations and it's obvious why. We all hear all regarding the lively form you create useful guidelines on this blog and in addition boost response from the others on that content then my girl is always starting to learn a lot. Enjoy the rest of the year. You are always conducting a useful job.
moncler outlet http://www.monclersoutlet.us.com
Répondre lebron shoes
à 23:17 le 16 novembre 2020 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with an extraordinarily superb chance to read articles and blog posts from this blog. It is usually very lovely and as well , full of a great time for me and my office friends to search your blog on the least 3 times every week to read the newest tips you will have. And lastly, I'm so usually fascinated with your special secrets you serve. Some 4 ideas in this article are indeed the very best we have all ever had.
lebron shoes http://www.lebronjames.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost
à 23:33 le 16 novembre 2020 
Thank you so much for giving everyone an extraordinarily remarkable chance to discover important secrets from this web site. It's always very pleasurable and also packed with fun for me and my office fellow workers to search your website nearly 3 times in a week to read the fresh secrets you have. And of course, I'm also always amazed for the magnificent points served by you. Selected 3 tips in this article are undoubtedly the simplest we've ever had.
yeezy boost http://www.yeezyboostoutlet.us.com
Répondre kyrie shoes
à 1:05 le 17 novembre 2020 
Thank you so much for providing individuals with remarkably nice possiblity to read articles and blog posts from here. It is always so terrific plus jam-packed with fun for me personally and my office friends to search your blog no less than three times every week to read the latest tips you will have. And lastly, we're always amazed considering the very good concepts you give. Selected 1 facts in this posting are certainly the simplest we've had.
kyrie shoes http://www.kyrieirving-shoes.us.com
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 2:17 le 17 novembre 2020 
I happen to be commenting to make you know of the outstanding encounter my wife's daughter encountered browsing the blog. She realized numerous things, with the inclusion of what it is like to possess a very effective helping spirit to get other people quite simply learn several hard to do topics. You truly exceeded her desires. Thanks for giving these precious, safe, educational and even fun tips about your topic to Kate.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoose-sneakers.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 2:17 le 17 novembre 2020 
Thank you so much for giving everyone an exceptionally nice possiblity to read in detail from this site. It's usually so pleasurable and also full of fun for me and my office colleagues to search your site at the least thrice in one week to find out the latest guidance you will have. Of course, I'm actually fascinated with all the attractive opinions served by you. Certain 1 points in this post are truly the most effective we've had.
supreme clothing http://www.supremenewyork.us.com
Répondre yeezy 380
à 2:17 le 17 novembre 2020 
I simply needed to say thanks all over again. I am not sure the things that I would've worked on in the absence of the recommendations contributed by you relating to such a problem. It previously was a very difficult problem in my view, but taking a look at a new well-written tactic you processed it forced me to cry over delight. I am just grateful for your information and thus sincerely hope you know what an amazing job you were putting in training most people through your websites. I know that you haven't got to know any of us.
yeezy 380 http://www.yeezyboost380.us
Répondre balenciaga shoes
à 2:17 le 17 novembre 2020 
I as well as my guys happened to be reading the best hints found on your website while immediately I got a terrible feeling I never thanked you for them. These women were for this reason excited to see all of them and already have in truth been taking pleasure in those things. Thank you for simply being considerably considerate and then for picking this sort of magnificent subject matter millions of individuals are really wanting to discover. Our own sincere regret for not expressing appreciation to earlier.
balenciaga shoes http://www.balenciaga-sneakers.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 2:17 le 17 novembre 2020 
I actually wanted to develop a quick comment to thank you for all the wonderful strategies you are placing on this site. My time-consuming internet research has finally been compensated with good quality knowledge to go over with my two friends. I would point out that we website visitors actually are quite lucky to exist in a fantastic place with very many special individuals with valuable pointers. I feel very much grateful to have come across your webpage and look forward to so many more excellent times reading here. Thanks once more for everything.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes-clothing.com
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 2:17 le 17 novembre 2020 
I precisely needed to thank you so much once more. I'm not certain the things I would've undertaken without the entire recommendations shown by you on this subject matter. It was before the frustrating condition in my opinion, but being able to see your specialised mode you handled the issue took me to leap with happiness. Extremely happier for the advice as well as sincerely hope you are aware of a powerful job that you're accomplishing instructing some other people with the aid of your blog post. Most probably you haven't met all of us.
supreme hoodie http://www.supremehoodies.us
Répondre jordan retro
à 2:17 le 17 novembre 2020 
I want to express some thanks to you for bailing me out of this particular crisis. After searching throughout the world-wide-web and meeting proposals which were not productive, I believed my entire life was done. Living minus the strategies to the issues you have resolved through your article is a serious case, as well as the ones that would have negatively damaged my career if I had not noticed your site. Your good ability and kindness in playing with all things was helpful. I'm not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come across such a stuff like this. It's possible to at this time relish my future. Thanks for your time very much for this specialized and effective help. I will not hesitate to recommend the blog to any individual who would like care about this issue.
jordan retro http://www.jordan-retro.us.com
Répondre supreme
à 2:17 le 17 novembre 2020 
I must express thanks to this writer just for bailing me out of this trouble. As a result of exploring through the the web and coming across thoughts that were not powerful, I figured my entire life was gone. Existing minus the answers to the problems you've fixed by way of your article content is a crucial case, and the kind which might have negatively damaged my career if I hadn't come across your blog post. Your ability and kindness in playing with a lot of stuff was very helpful. I don't know what I would've done if I had not discovered such a thing like this. I'm able to at this moment look ahead to my future. Thanks very much for your skilled and result oriented guide. I won't think twice to propose your web sites to any person who should have guidelines on this topic.
supreme http://www.supremesonline.com
Répondre lebron james shoes
à 2:17 le 17 novembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of every one of your labor on this blog. Betty takes pleasure in setting aside time for internet research and it's obvious why. My spouse and i hear all regarding the dynamic ways you provide worthwhile thoughts via the web blog and as well as recommend response from people on this matter so our favorite child is certainly understanding a great deal. Take pleasure in the rest of the new year. You are always doing a tremendous job.
lebron james shoes http://www.lebronjames.us.com
Répondre russell westbrook shoes
à 2:30 le 17 novembre 2020 
I'm commenting to make you understand of the fine discovery my princess undergone using your site. She discovered several details, with the inclusion of what it's like to have an ideal helping mindset to let men and women quite simply know precisely several complicated subject matter. You actually surpassed people's expected results. I appreciate you for offering these good, healthy, informative and in addition cool tips on that topic to Gloria.
russell westbrook shoes http://www.russellwestbrookshoes.us
Répondre lebron james shoes
à 2:35 le 17 novembre 2020 
My wife and i were absolutely joyous that Albert managed to round up his basic research while using the ideas he discovered out of your web pages. It is now and again perplexing to simply be releasing strategies which a number of people have been making money from. So we fully grasp we need the blog owner to thank for that. These explanations you've made, the simple web site navigation, the friendships your site make it possible to instill - it's got most astonishing, and it is facilitating our son and us understand that article is exciting, which is certainly exceedingly indispensable. Thanks for everything!
lebron james shoes http://www.lebronjames.us.com
Répondre longchamp
à 2:47 le 17 novembre 2020 
I and also my friends ended up going through the good procedures found on your web page while then I got an awful suspicion I never thanked the blog owner for those tips. Most of the ladies came as a result thrilled to read through them and have in fact been tapping into these things. Thanks for truly being well considerate and for deciding on some exceptional areas millions of individuals are really wanting to learn about. Our own sincere apologies for not expressing gratitude to you sooner.
longchamp http://www.longchampoutlets.us
Répondre lebron 17
à 3:42 le 17 novembre 2020 
I simply needed to thank you very much all over again. I'm not certain what I would have taken care of in the absence of the entire recommendations discussed by you regarding my concern. It truly was the frustrating crisis in my position, but being able to see the very skilled form you processed the issue forced me to leap with fulfillment. I will be grateful for this assistance and as well , believe you are aware of a great job you happen to be accomplishing instructing the mediocre ones all through your webpage. I am certain you have never come across all of us.
lebron 17 http://www.lebron17s.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 4:12 le 17 novembre 2020 
I'm just writing to make you know of the brilliant discovery my wife's princess gained browsing your site. She discovered a lot of pieces, including what it is like to have a very effective helping character to make men and women without problems know just exactly several grueling subject matter. You undoubtedly surpassed her desires. Many thanks for offering such beneficial, safe, explanatory and even easy guidance on your topic to Julie.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes.us.org
0