Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre russell westbrook shoes
à 1:25 le 16 novembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of your own work on this web site. Gloria loves setting aside time for internet research and it's obvious why. All of us know all about the dynamic manner you provide practical tips and hints on this blog and in addition improve contribution from website visitors about this subject then my girl is becoming educated a lot. Have fun with the rest of the new year. Your carrying out a dazzling job.
russell westbrook shoes http://www.russellwestbrookshoes.us
Répondre supreme outlet
à 1:31 le 16 novembre 2020 
I'm also commenting to make you know of the extraordinary encounter my wife's child encountered reading yuor web blog. She realized a wide variety of things, including how it is like to possess a wonderful giving character to let the rest quite simply learn about several extremely tough subject matter. You truly did more than our desires. Many thanks for providing those practical, trustworthy, informative not to mention easy tips about the topic to Kate.
supreme outlet http://www.supremesoutlet.us.com
Répondre kd shoes
à 2:37 le 16 novembre 2020 
I have to express my admiration for your kindness supporting those people that require assistance with that concern. Your real dedication to getting the message throughout appears to be exceptionally invaluable and has constantly enabled regular people much like me to achieve their objectives. Your insightful publication entails a lot a person like me and far more to my fellow workers. Thanks a lot; from everyone of us.
kd shoes http://www.kd-shoes.us
Répondre nike shox
à 2:56 le 16 novembre 2020 
I have to get across my gratitude for your generosity supporting men and women who require assistance with this particular subject matter. Your special dedication to getting the solution along ended up being rather good and have really encouraged somebody like me to attain their objectives. Your personal interesting help and advice indicates much a person like me and especially to my office workers. Regards; from everyone of us.
nike shox http://www.nike-shox.us.com
Répondre yeezy
à 2:58 le 16 novembre 2020 
I simply wished to thank you very much once more. I'm not certain what I might have accomplished without the type of aspects discussed by you over that concern. Entirely was a frightening condition for me, nevertheless considering a new skilled tactic you solved it made me to cry with delight. Now i am happier for the advice and thus wish you really know what an amazing job you are always putting in instructing many people using your website. I know that you haven't come across any of us.
yeezy http://www.yeezyadidas.us
Répondre a bathing ape
à 2:59 le 16 novembre 2020 
I am glad for writing to let you understand of the remarkable discovery our daughter experienced going through yuor web blog. She figured out numerous things, which include how it is like to have a marvelous helping heart to make many more very easily comprehend various specialized things. You actually exceeded her expected results. Many thanks for giving the great, safe, educational and fun thoughts on the topic to Mary.
a bathing ape http://www.bapeclothing.us.com
Répondre kobe sneakers
à 3:03 le 16 novembre 2020 
My husband and i felt very happy Peter managed to deal with his preliminary research via the ideas he acquired from your very own web page. It is now and again perplexing just to find yourself giving freely helpful tips that most people may have been trying to sell. And we also understand we have the blog owner to give thanks to because of that. These illustrations you have made, the easy blog menu, the friendships your site aid to promote - it is everything extraordinary, and it's helping our son and us know that that content is satisfying, which is exceptionally mandatory. Thank you for the whole lot!
kobe sneakers http://www.kobesneakers.com
Répondre balenciaga shoes
à 3:13 le 16 novembre 2020 
I am writing to let you be aware of of the exceptional encounter our girl enjoyed using your blog. She mastered lots of pieces, with the inclusion of how it is like to have an excellent giving heart to get other folks smoothly understand some multifaceted issues. You actually surpassed people's desires. Many thanks for churning out these important, dependable, explanatory and as well as fun tips about the topic to Gloria.
balenciaga shoes http://www.balenciagas.us.com
Répondre curry 7 sour patch
à 3:23 le 16 novembre 2020 
I simply wanted to appreciate you again. I am not sure the things I would have carried out without the entire techniques provided by you relating to my situation. This was a real frightful dilemma in my position, but discovering a new specialised approach you handled it made me to cry for happiness. I'm just happier for your support and then pray you realize what an amazing job that you're carrying out teaching others using your blog. Probably you haven't met all of us.
curry 7 sour patch http://www.curry7.net
Répondre pandora jewelry
à 3:36 le 16 novembre 2020 
I really wanted to write a quick remark to be able to thank you for those fabulous strategies you are sharing at this site. My prolonged internet look up has at the end of the day been paid with high-quality strategies to talk about with my family and friends. I 'd believe that we visitors actually are extremely fortunate to be in a fabulous site with so many marvellous people with beneficial guidelines. I feel really fortunate to have discovered your entire website and look forward to really more fun times reading here. Thanks a lot once again for a lot of things.
pandora jewelry http://www.outletpandora.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 3:40 le 16 novembre 2020 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with remarkably breathtaking possiblity to read from this web site. It's always very enjoyable plus stuffed with amusement for me and my office co-workers to search your blog no less than three times per week to see the new items you have got. And indeed, I'm so actually pleased with your spectacular creative ideas you serve. Some 4 points in this posting are unquestionably the very best I have ever had.
golden goose http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us
Répondre giannis shoes
à 3:52 le 16 novembre 2020 
I precisely wanted to thank you very much again. I do not know what I would have implemented in the absence of these creative ideas discussed by you directly on such subject matter. It has been a very horrifying condition in my view, but seeing the very specialized technique you resolved that made me to weep with happiness. I am just thankful for this service and even wish you comprehend what a great job you're putting in instructing the mediocre ones through the use of a blog. Most probably you have never met all of us.
giannis shoes http://www.giannisantetokounmposhoes.us
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 4:01 le 16 novembre 2020 
I would like to show my affection for your kind-heartedness in support of men and women who need help with your theme. Your special commitment to passing the solution around became astonishingly informative and have regularly allowed associates just like me to get to their goals. Your own warm and friendly advice indicates a lot to me and much more to my colleagues. Warm regards; from everyone of us.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoosesonline.com
Répondre yeezy 350
à 4:01 le 16 novembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with such a terrific opportunity to read in detail from this website. It really is very good and jam-packed with amusement for me personally and my office acquaintances to search your blog at the very least three times in 7 days to see the newest issues you have. And of course, I'm also certainly astounded for the outstanding advice you give. Selected 4 areas in this posting are without a doubt the finest I have had.
yeezy 350 http://www.yeezy-350.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 4:02 le 16 novembre 2020 
My wife and i were really ecstatic when Emmanuel managed to do his basic research through the entire precious recommendations he got from your own blog. It's not at all simplistic to just possibly be releasing facts which often others may have been trying to sell. And we all discover we have got the writer to appreciate for that. The specific explanations you have made, the easy blog navigation, the relationships your site give support to promote - it's got mostly exceptional, and it's really facilitating our son in addition to us imagine that that concept is exciting, which is extremely pressing. Many thanks for the whole thing!
golden goose http://www.goldengooses.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 4:02 le 16 novembre 2020 
I as well as my buddies have been analyzing the good tips on your web blog while before long I had a horrible suspicion I had not thanked the blog owner for those tips. These young men had been as a result joyful to read all of them and have actually been using those things. Many thanks for genuinely really accommodating and for going for this form of wonderful themes most people are really needing to be aware of. My very own honest regret for not expressing gratitude to you earlier.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothings.us.com
Répondre curry 6
à 4:02 le 16 novembre 2020 
Thank you so much for providing individuals with an exceptionally pleasant possiblity to discover important secrets from this site. It is usually very pleasant plus jam-packed with a lot of fun for me personally and my office fellow workers to visit your web site minimum three times in one week to see the latest guidance you have. And definitely, I am also actually happy for the impressive solutions served by you. Selected 1 points in this posting are easily the most effective I've ever had.
curry 6 http://www.curry6.net
Répondre supreme clothing
à 4:02 le 16 novembre 2020 
I wanted to post you one very little word to thank you so much once again with your lovely pointers you've contributed on this site. It is unbelievably open-handed of people like you giving easily what exactly most people would've made available for an e-book in making some cash for their own end, mostly now that you could have done it in case you wanted. These tricks likewise served to become easy way to understand that other people have the identical interest just like my very own to grasp a great deal more around this matter. I know there are some more pleasurable periods up front for people who discover your blog post.
supreme clothing http://www.supremenewyork.us.com
Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 4:02 le 16 novembre 2020 
I simply needed to thank you very much once again. I'm not certain the things I could possibly have implemented in the absence of the type of smart ideas shown by you over such industry. It had become a very difficult circumstance in my position, but observing this specialized avenue you dealt with it forced me to cry with contentment. I'm just thankful for this guidance and as well , have high hopes you know what a great job your are putting in educating the others by way of a blog. Probably you have never come across all of us.
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrieirving-shoes.us.com
Répondre birkin bag
à 4:02 le 16 novembre 2020 
I actually wanted to type a quick comment in order to say thanks to you for all of the remarkable hints you are posting here. My time consuming internet investigation has now been recognized with wonderful know-how to exchange with my family. I 'd admit that we site visitors actually are definitely lucky to dwell in a wonderful website with so many special people with great tips. I feel very much happy to have seen your website and look forward to plenty of more cool minutes reading here. Thanks again for everything.
birkin bag http://www.hermesbirkins.com
0