Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre balenciaga sneakers
à 21:25 le 14 novembre 2020 
My spouse and i got really glad Peter managed to round up his survey from the precious recommendations he made from your web page. It is now and again perplexing to just possibly be freely giving facts that a number of people have been trying to sell. We realize we've got you to be grateful to because of that. The main explanations you made, the simple blog menu, the relationships you make it easier to create - it is all impressive, and it's really letting our son in addition to the family believe that this subject is thrilling, and that is exceedingly serious. Thanks for the whole lot!
balenciaga sneakers http://www.balenciaga.us.com
Répondre off white clothing
à 21:25 le 14 novembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with an extremely pleasant opportunity to check tips from this website. It is often so sweet and jam-packed with a good time for me and my office colleagues to search the blog at the least three times in 7 days to read the newest guidance you have got. And of course, I'm just usually motivated considering the incredible knowledge served by you. Certain 3 areas in this posting are rather the simplest I've had.
off white clothing http://www.offwhiteclothing.us.com
Répondre goyard handbags
à 21:25 le 14 novembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of all your labor on this web page. Betty loves getting into internet research and it's simple to grasp why. Most of us notice all regarding the compelling medium you produce both useful and interesting solutions via your blog and in addition foster participation from other individuals about this concept while our favorite princess is actually learning a lot of things. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the new year. You have been performing a really great job.
goyard handbags http://www.goyardhandbag.us
Répondre off white shoes
à 21:25 le 14 novembre 2020 
I precisely wished to say thanks all over again. I do not know the things I would have made to happen in the absence of the entire ways discussed by you directly on this question. It previously was the challenging case in my circumstances, however , taking note of a new expert manner you resolved it made me to jump for joy. Now i am grateful for the service and thus wish you really know what a great job you have been undertaking teaching other individuals thru your webblog. More than likely you have never got to know all of us.
off white shoes http://www.off-whiteshoes.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost
à 21:31 le 14 novembre 2020 
I would like to express some thanks to you for rescuing me from this particular dilemma. As a result of looking out through the search engines and seeing tricks that were not pleasant, I assumed my entire life was done. Existing without the presence of answers to the difficulties you've solved as a result of the short post is a serious case, and those that would have badly affected my entire career if I had not encountered your web page. The mastery and kindness in playing with every item was crucial. I don't know what I would have done if I had not come upon such a stuff like this. I can now relish my future. Thanks so much for the expert and amazing guide. I will not hesitate to propose your web blog to anybody who wants and needs support about this problem.
yeezy boost http://www.yeezyboostoutlet.us.com
Répondre golden goose shoes
à 21:52 le 14 novembre 2020 
Thanks for each of your effort on this web site. My aunt takes pleasure in going through investigation and it is simple to grasp why. My spouse and i hear all of the dynamic means you convey useful ideas through your blog and therefore inspire participation from other people on the situation while our favorite simple princess is now starting to learn a great deal. Take pleasure in the rest of the new year. You're the one carrying out a glorious job.
golden goose shoes http://www.goldengoose-shoes.us.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 22:39 le 14 novembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for all your effort on this web site. My mom really loves going through investigation and it's simple to grasp why. We hear all concerning the dynamic mode you deliver efficient thoughts by means of your website and therefore cause contribution from other people about this subject matter then our simple princess is truly becoming educated a whole lot. Take advantage of the rest of the new year. You have been carrying out a remarkable job.
jordan shoes http://www.jordan4.us.com
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 1:07 le 15 novembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone an extraordinarily brilliant possiblity to check tips from this blog. It is usually very terrific and also full of amusement for me and my office fellow workers to search your website on the least 3 times a week to see the fresh issues you have. Not to mention, I'm always satisfied for the terrific pointers served by you. Certain 4 points in this posting are in truth the most effective we have all had.
supreme hoodie http://www.supremes-clothing.com
Répondre chrome hearts online store
à 1:18 le 15 novembre 2020 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with a very splendid opportunity to read critical reviews from this website. It is always very pleasurable and packed with a good time for me and my office colleagues to visit your website at least 3 times a week to read through the latest items you have got. And lastly, we're actually impressed for the dazzling suggestions you give. Certain 1 areas in this posting are ultimately the most effective we've ever had.
chrome hearts online store http://www.chromeheartstoreonline.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 1:38 le 15 novembre 2020 
I needed to send you this very small remark so as to give many thanks once again considering the unique tactics you've shown at this time. It has been quite particularly open-handed of you to present easily all that most of us would've distributed as an e book in order to make some cash for their own end, precisely since you could possibly have tried it in the event you considered necessary. These pointers in addition served to provide a good way to recognize that someone else have similar dreams just as my very own to realize whole lot more around this condition. I am certain there are some more enjoyable occasions in the future for individuals that scan your website.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezyboost-350v2.us.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 2:46 le 15 novembre 2020 
I really wanted to type a simple note so as to thank you for all the great items you are writing at this site. My time consuming internet search has finally been compensated with sensible content to go over with my friends and family. I would claim that most of us website visitors are unquestionably fortunate to dwell in a remarkable place with so many lovely individuals with good guidelines. I feel somewhat grateful to have discovered the web page and look forward to really more thrilling moments reading here. Thanks a lot again for everything.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezyshoes.in.net
Répondre vansy z tÄ?czowÄ? podeszwÄ?
à 2:58 le 15 novembre 2020 
liebherr l 524 amazonmicky und seine freunde amazonlkw 7 5 tonnen mit hebebühne amazongardinen dekorieren ideen amazon
vansy z t?czow? podeszw? http://www.infrastrukturasportowa.pl/diadora_birmingham/vansy-z-t
%c4%99czow%c4%85-podeszw%c4%85
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 3:47 le 15 novembre 2020 
Thanks for all of your efforts on this blog. Ellie loves making time for investigations and it's obvious why. We all learn all regarding the compelling tactic you give efficient tips through your blog and as well as foster contribution from website visitors on that subject matter so our daughter is now being taught a lot. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the new year. You have been conducting a tremendous job.
golden goose outlet http://www.golden-goose.us
Répondre golden goose
à 5:26 le 15 novembre 2020 
Thank you for each of your work on this website. My daughter takes pleasure in carrying out investigations and it's simple to grasp why. My partner and i notice all of the compelling ways you produce precious ideas on this web blog and even foster response from other ones on the content plus our favorite simple princess has been understanding so much. Have fun with the remaining portion of the new year. You are doing a great job.
golden goose http://www.goldengooseofficial.com
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 5:40 le 15 novembre 2020 
Thanks for each of your labor on this web site. My daughter take interest in going through internet research and it's simple to grasp why. Many of us know all concerning the dynamic way you offer simple guides by means of your website and in addition boost contribution from other individuals on the article and our own daughter is actually starting to learn a lot of things. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the new year. You have been doing a glorious job.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoose-sneakers.us
Répondre balenciaga shoes
à 5:47 le 15 novembre 2020 
Thank you so much for giving everyone remarkably marvellous opportunity to discover important secrets from this blog. It is usually very pleasurable and also full of a great time for me and my office co-workers to search the blog at the very least three times every week to learn the latest stuff you will have. And indeed, I'm so actually fulfilled concerning the perfect guidelines you serve. Selected 2 points in this article are particularly the most efficient I have ever had.
balenciaga shoes http://www.balenciaga-sneakers.us.com
Répondre balenciaga shoes
à 5:59 le 15 novembre 2020 
Thank you for your entire work on this blog. Betty really likes getting into investigation and it is simple to grasp why. My partner and i know all of the powerful ways you give informative tactics on the blog and even improve response from other people on that area of interest then our princess is in fact becoming educated so much. Take advantage of the rest of the new year. You're the one carrying out a superb job.
balenciaga shoes http://www.balenciagashoes.us.com
Répondre stone island
à 6:55 le 15 novembre 2020 
I have to show appreciation to the writer just for rescuing me from such a scenario. As a result of looking out through the world-wide-web and seeing suggestions that were not productive, I assumed my entire life was over. Being alive minus the solutions to the issues you have sorted out through this short post is a critical case, and the kind that would have in a wrong way damaged my entire career if I hadn't encountered your website. Your primary capability and kindness in handling all the details was excellent. I'm not sure what I would have done if I hadn't discovered such a step like this. I can also at this point relish my future. Thanks very much for the skilled and results-oriented help. I will not be reluctant to endorse your web page to anyone who desires guidelines about this subject.
stone island http://www.stoneislands.us
Répondre balenciaga sneakers
à 7:03 le 15 novembre 2020 
I have to express appreciation to this writer for bailing me out of such a difficulty. Just after looking out throughout the online world and obtaining methods which are not helpful, I assumed my life was over. Living without the answers to the issues you've solved as a result of the blog post is a serious case, as well as the kind that would have in a negative way damaged my career if I had not come across your web site. The understanding and kindness in handling all things was crucial. I don't know what I would have done if I hadn't come across such a point like this. I can also at this point relish my future. Thank you so much for this impressive and amazing help. I won't think twice to suggest your web site to anyone who desires care about this situation.
balenciaga sneakers http://www.balenciagashoes.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350
à 7:07 le 15 novembre 2020 
I and my pals ended up digesting the best suggestions on your web blog and instantly got a terrible feeling I never expressed respect to the web blog owner for those secrets. My people had been consequently stimulated to see them and have in effect sincerely been having fun with these things. Thanks for truly being really thoughtful and for choosing variety of magnificent ideas most people are really eager to learn about. My personal sincere apologies for not saying thanks to you earlier.
yeezy boost 350 http://www.yeezyboost-350v2.us.com
0