Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre jordan shoes
à 21:27 le 11 novembre 2020 
I'm also writing to make you be aware of of the beneficial discovery my friend's princess went through viewing yuor web blog. She learned a good number of things, with the inclusion of what it is like to have a marvelous coaching heart to let many more completely understand certain hard to do subject areas. You really surpassed our expected results. Thanks for giving these priceless, safe, informative and also fun tips on your topic to Evelyn.
jordan shoes http://www.shoesjordan.us.com
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 21:34 le 11 novembre 2020 
Thank you a lot for giving everyone such a superb possiblity to read in detail from here. It's usually very good and as well , jam-packed with a great time for me personally and my office colleagues to search your site at least three times in one week to read through the newest things you have. Of course, I am at all times motivated concerning the dazzling creative concepts served by you. Selected two facts in this posting are ultimately the most impressive I've ever had.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoosesneakersstore.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 21:38 le 11 novembre 2020 
I simply had to say thanks yet again. I am not sure what I would have accomplished in the absence of the type of points contributed by you on this area of interest. It absolutely was the frightening problem in my opinion, but understanding a new well-written fashion you handled that took me to weep with joy. I will be happier for this assistance and then sincerely hope you know what a powerful job you are always putting in educating other individuals via your blog. I'm certain you haven't got to know all of us.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezy-shoes.us.org
Répondre kobe 11
à 21:46 le 11 novembre 2020 
I just wanted to post a small remark in order to say thanks to you for the awesome tricks you are showing on this site. My long internet investigation has at the end been honored with pleasant strategies to write about with my friends. I 'd believe that many of us website visitors are rather endowed to dwell in a magnificent network with many special people with great tricks. I feel quite happy to have used the web page and look forward to some more amazing times reading here. Thanks once more for all the details.
kobe 11 http://www.kobebasketballshoes.net
Répondre moncler outlet
à 22:16 le 11 novembre 2020 
I must show my admiration for your kindness supporting persons that have the need for assistance with this situation. Your real commitment to passing the solution around has been particularly useful and have consistently helped ladies just like me to attain their pursuits. Your new invaluable hints and tips means much to me and much more to my mates. Best wishes; from each one of us.
moncler outlet http://www.monclers.us.com
Répondre yeezy 700
à 22:20 le 11 novembre 2020 
I simply desired to thank you very much once again. I do not know the things that I could possibly have worked on without the type of ways documented by you regarding that topic. This has been a very hard setting for me, however , viewing a new skilled technique you solved that forced me to weep over joy. Now i am grateful for your guidance and even sincerely hope you find out what a powerful job you are getting into teaching many others thru your blog. Most probably you have never got to know any of us.
yeezy 700 http://www.yeezys700.com
Répondre pg 1
à 22:22 le 11 novembre 2020 
I have to show my thanks to you for rescuing me from this particular circumstance. Just after looking out throughout the the web and finding tips which were not powerful, I assumed my entire life was gone. Being alive without the presence of solutions to the issues you've resolved through your guideline is a serious case, as well as those which might have badly affected my career if I had not come across your website. Your primary capability and kindness in dealing with the whole lot was helpful. I am not sure what I would've done if I had not encountered such a solution like this. It's possible to now relish my future. Thanks so much for your high quality and effective help. I won't be reluctant to propose your site to anyone who ought to have care on this problem.
pg 1 http://www.paulgeorgeshoes.us.com
Répondre kobe shoes
à 23:07 le 11 novembre 2020 
I simply wanted to thank you very much once again. I am not sure the things that I would've followed in the absence of these tips documented by you about such topic. It had become an absolute frustrating issue in my opinion, however , being able to view a new professional technique you handled the issue took me to weep over delight. I'm happy for this information and thus believe you find out what a powerful job your are carrying out educating the mediocre ones via a blog. More than likely you have never met any of us.
kobe shoes http://www.kobesneakers.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 23:12 le 11 novembre 2020 
I want to convey my respect for your kind-heartedness for women who require guidance on that area. Your personal commitment to getting the solution along was exceptionally powerful and has all the time permitted workers much like me to realize their aims. Your warm and helpful help denotes a lot to me and additionally to my fellow workers. Thanks a ton; from everyone of us.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezy350boostv2s.us
Répondre curry 6 shoes
à 23:23 le 11 novembre 2020 
My spouse and i ended up being quite comfortable when Michael managed to finish off his web research while using the ideas he received out of your weblog. It is now and again perplexing just to choose to be giving freely procedures which others might have been trying to sell. And we all do know we have you to give thanks to for that. All of the explanations you made, the easy website menu, the friendships you help foster - it is all fantastic, and it's helping our son and us consider that that theme is enjoyable, which is pretty mandatory. Thank you for the whole lot!
curry 6 shoes http://www.curry-6.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 0:34 le 12 novembre 2020 
I would like to express some thanks to the writer just for bailing me out of this type of situation. As a result of surfing around through the world-wide-web and obtaining advice which were not pleasant, I believed my life was gone. Being alive devoid of the answers to the issues you have sorted out through the website is a critical case, as well as ones that might have negatively affected my career if I hadn't noticed your blog post. Your own personal understanding and kindness in maneuvering everything was precious. I don't know what I would have done if I hadn't discovered such a subject like this. I'm able to at this time relish my future. Thanks a lot so much for this professional and sensible guide. I will not hesitate to suggest your web site to anyone who needs support on this subject matter.
supreme clothing http://www.supreme-newyork.us.com
Répondre jordan 11
à 0:36 le 12 novembre 2020 
I wanted to make a simple remark to be able to appreciate you for all of the splendid facts you are showing at this site. My extended internet research has now been paid with wonderful knowledge to share with my classmates and friends. I would tell you that many of us readers are very lucky to exist in a great website with many awesome people with very helpful suggestions. I feel really privileged to have come across the webpages and look forward to many more fabulous moments reading here. Thank you again for all the details.
jordan 11 http://www.jordan11retro.us.com
Répondre kd shoes
à 0:36 le 12 novembre 2020 
I and also my pals were found to be checking the nice guides on the website and so all of the sudden I had a terrible suspicion I never expressed respect to the website owner for those tips. Most of the ladies came as a consequence stimulated to learn all of them and now have seriously been enjoying these things. Appreciate your truly being well accommodating and also for considering this kind of ideal things millions of individuals are really desperate to know about. My personal honest regret for not expressing gratitude to you earlier.
kd shoes http://www.kd-shoes.us
Répondre balenciaga trainers
à 0:38 le 12 novembre 2020 
Thank you so much for giving everyone an extraordinarily splendid possiblity to read in detail from this site. It's always so kind and as well , jam-packed with fun for me personally and my office peers to search your website on the least 3 times a week to read the newest tips you have. And indeed, I'm so certainly fascinated for the brilliant things you serve. Selected 4 tips in this article are certainly the most effective we have all ever had.
balenciaga trainers http://www.balenciagaspeeds.com
Répondre cheap jordans
à 0:54 le 12 novembre 2020 
Thank you so much for giving everyone an exceptionally superb possiblity to read articles and blog posts from this web site. It's always very pleasurable plus full of fun for me and my office fellow workers to search your website at the least 3 times weekly to see the new things you have got. And definitely, I'm also certainly contented with all the mind-blowing knowledge you give. Certain 2 areas on this page are particularly the simplest I have had.
cheap jordans http://www.air-jordanshoes.us.org
Répondre balenciaga
à 1:35 le 12 novembre 2020 
My husband and i were quite glad Albert managed to carry out his investigation via the ideas he made from your very own web page. It is now and again perplexing to simply find yourself giving out concepts which often many others could have been making money from. And we also recognize we've got the blog owner to give thanks to because of that. Most of the illustrations you've made, the easy website menu, the friendships you will make it easier to create - it is many remarkable, and it is helping our son in addition to us reason why this situation is exciting, which is rather important. Thanks for the whole thing!
balenciaga http://www.balenciagashoes.us.com
Répondre steph curry shoes
à 1:42 le 12 novembre 2020 
I truly wanted to construct a small note to appreciate you for these magnificent tactics you are posting at this website. My long internet lookup has finally been honored with beneficial insight to go over with my classmates and friends. I 'd say that most of us readers actually are really fortunate to dwell in a wonderful community with many brilliant people with insightful things. I feel really fortunate to have used the web page and look forward to plenty of more awesome minutes reading here. Thank you once again for everything.
steph curry shoes http://www.stephcurry.us
Répondre goyard handbags
à 1:45 le 12 novembre 2020 
I am commenting to let you understand what a outstanding discovery my friend's princess enjoyed browsing your web page. She even learned too many pieces, with the inclusion of how it is like to have an incredible teaching character to have the rest clearly gain knowledge of various complex matters. You truly surpassed her expected results. Thank you for imparting those good, trusted, edifying not to mention fun tips on this topic to Sandra.
goyard handbags http://www.goyardhandbag.us
Répondre kd shoes
à 1:57 le 12 novembre 2020 
I actually wanted to post a simple message to be able to appreciate you for all of the pleasant steps you are posting on this website. My incredibly long internet look up has at the end of the day been compensated with reliable knowledge to talk about with my best friends. I 'd believe that most of us site visitors actually are quite lucky to be in a great place with many special individuals with good strategies. I feel pretty privileged to have discovered the web pages and look forward to some more fun times reading here. Thanks a lot once again for everything.
kd shoes http://www.kd13shoes.us
Répondre longchamp
à 2:00 le 12 novembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for your whole hard work on this web site. Ellie really likes setting aside time for investigation and it is easy to understand why. A lot of people know all concerning the compelling form you create efficient items via your web site and as well boost response from website visitors about this concern then our simple princess is undoubtedly being taught a great deal. Have fun with the remaining portion of the year. You are conducting a really great job.
longchamp http://www.longchampoutlets.us
0