Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre yeezy boost
à 18:33 le 5 novembre 2020 
I wanted to compose a brief remark in order to appreciate you for some of the amazing items you are posting here. My prolonged internet research has now been compensated with good insight to go over with my family. I would state that that many of us visitors are really blessed to dwell in a very good community with so many special individuals with useful tips and hints. I feel very much blessed to have used your entire website and look forward to plenty of more fun times reading here. Thank you again for all the details.
yeezy boost http://www.yeezy-boost.us.com
Répondre kevin durant shoes
à 18:34 le 5 novembre 2020 
I definitely wanted to develop a brief message to express gratitude to you for all of the magnificent suggestions you are giving out here. My time intensive internet research has at the end been compensated with professional strategies to write about with my best friends. I 'd suppose that most of us visitors actually are very much lucky to be in a really good network with many perfect professionals with helpful points. I feel pretty happy to have discovered your entire website page and look forward to plenty of more fun times reading here. Thanks once more for all the details.
kevin durant shoes http://www.kd12.us.com
Répondre bape hoodie
à 18:34 le 5 novembre 2020 
I would like to voice my admiration for your kind-heartedness in support of men who actually need guidance on this one theme. Your real commitment to passing the message across came to be exceedingly functional and have in every case helped workers just like me to reach their aims. This informative suggestions implies much to me and far more to my peers. Warm regards; from each one of us.
bape hoodie http://www.bape-hoodie.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 18:35 le 5 novembre 2020 
I happen to be commenting to make you know what a awesome discovery my child gained going through your web site. She noticed so many things, with the inclusion of what it's like to possess an amazing giving heart to have other people without problems have an understanding of specific tricky issues. You undoubtedly did more than visitors' desires. Thank you for supplying those important, trusted, revealing and fun thoughts on your topic to Janet.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothings.com
Répondre jordan retro
à 18:46 le 5 novembre 2020 
I must show thanks to the writer for rescuing me from such a difficulty. Right after surfing around through the world-wide-web and obtaining opinions which are not helpful, I believed my life was over. Living without the presence of answers to the problems you have sorted out through your main guideline is a crucial case, as well as those which could have adversely damaged my career if I hadn't come across your blog. Your main knowledge and kindness in taking care of every part was helpful. I'm not sure what I would have done if I had not come across such a step like this. I can now look ahead to my future. Thank you very much for the reliable and amazing help. I won't hesitate to recommend your web blog to anyone who will need counselling on this matter.
jordan retro http://www.jordan-retro.us.com
Répondre therapy-key.com
à 20:04 le 5 novembre 2020 
Répondre air jordan
à 20:14 le 5 novembre 2020 
I simply needed to say thanks yet again. I do not know the things I might have undertaken without the ideas revealed by you regarding my subject. It actually was an absolute horrifying matter for me, however , discovering your well-written form you solved the issue took me to leap over happiness. I am just happier for this information and as well , hope you realize what an amazing job you have been getting into teaching people using a blog. I am certain you haven't encountered any of us.
air jordan http://www.jordans.com.co
Répondre yeezy
à 20:50 le 5 novembre 2020 
Thank you for every one of your labor on this site. My mom enjoys working on internet research and it's easy to understand why. Almost all notice all about the compelling method you render good steps by means of the blog and as well as increase contribution from some others on the idea then our own child has been becoming educated a lot of things. Enjoy the remaining portion of the year. You are always carrying out a brilliant job.
yeezy http://www.yeezy-shoes.us.org
Répondre balenciaga
à 21:17 le 5 novembre 2020 
Thanks for all of the hard work on this web site. My niece take interest in getting into investigations and it's easy to see why. Many of us know all of the powerful ways you give vital guidance via this web blog and therefore cause response from people on the matter and our own girl is really studying a great deal. Take advantage of the rest of the year. You are always conducting a really good job.
balenciaga http://www.balenciaga.us.com
Répondre retro jordans
à 22:06 le 5 novembre 2020 
I together with my friends have been following the good procedures from your site while unexpectedly I had a terrible feeling I had not expressed respect to the web blog owner for those techniques. Those ladies are actually as a consequence happy to read through them and have now unquestionably been taking advantage of them. Appreciate your indeed being very accommodating and also for deciding upon variety of exceptional issues most people are really desirous to be aware of. My personal honest regret for not expressing appreciation to sooner.
retro jordans http://www.retrojordanssale.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350
à 22:14 le 5 novembre 2020 
My husband and i got so peaceful that Chris could carry out his researching through the entire precious recommendations he got through the web page. It's not at all simplistic to simply possibly be giving out tricks many people may have been selling. So we consider we have got the writer to thank for that. The most important illustrations you've made, the straightforward blog menu, the friendships you assist to create - it's got mostly unbelievable, and it's really helping our son in addition to us believe that this situation is amusing, and that is highly mandatory. Thank you for all!
yeezy boost 350 http://www.yeezy-boost.us.com
Répondre kawhi leonard shoes
à 22:18 le 5 novembre 2020 
I am also writing to make you know of the wonderful discovery my friend's daughter found checking your web site. She came to find a wide variety of things, including what it is like to possess a great teaching mindset to get other individuals just know precisely a number of hard to do subject matter. You truly did more than readers' desires. Thanks for coming up with these informative, trustworthy, edifying and cool thoughts on this topic to Mary.
kawhi leonard shoes http://www.kawhileonardshoes.us
Répondre hermes
à 22:27 le 5 novembre 2020 
I simply wished to thank you so much once more. I'm not certain the things that I would've made to happen without those recommendations provided by you concerning such situation. It truly was a hard dilemma in my opinion, but understanding the well-written approach you processed that took me to leap over happiness. I'm happy for the information and as well , believe you comprehend what a powerful job you have been putting in educating most people with the aid of your web page. I know that you haven't encountered all of us.
hermes http://www.hermes-handbags.us.org
Répondre hermes belt
à 22:50 le 5 novembre 2020 
I would like to get across my appreciation for your kindness in support of individuals who absolutely need assistance with your content. Your very own commitment to passing the message all around had become really functional and has without exception made professionals like me to achieve their dreams. Your entire important guideline means a great deal to me and far more to my office workers. Thanks a lot; from all of us.
hermes belt http://www.hermesbelts.com
Répondre yeezy boost
à 22:53 le 5 novembre 2020 
Thanks so much for giving everyone an extremely brilliant possiblity to read critical reviews from this site. It's usually so great and as well , jam-packed with amusement for me and my office fellow workers to visit your site not less than three times every week to find out the new issues you have got. And lastly, I am always fulfilled considering the perfect things served by you. Selected 1 areas in this article are certainly the finest we have had.
yeezy boost http://www.yeezy-boost.com
Répondre moncler
à 22:54 le 5 novembre 2020 
My wife and i ended up being very fortunate that Albert managed to carry out his preliminary research from the precious recommendations he grabbed out of the web site. It is now and again perplexing to just always be giving freely secrets and techniques which often some others might have been trying to sell. We really fully understand we have got you to give thanks to for this. All the explanations you made, the straightforward blog navigation, the friendships you can give support to instill - it is many impressive, and it's really helping our son and us reason why that theme is satisfying, which is pretty essential. Thanks for the whole thing!
moncler http://www.monclercoat.us.com
Répondre adidas yeezy boost 350 v2
à 23:32 le 5 novembre 2020 
I not to mention my friends have already been checking the best helpful tips found on your web site then all of the sudden came up with a horrible suspicion I never expressed respect to the site owner for them. All the men were totally warmed to study them and already have unquestionably been making the most of those things. I appreciate you for indeed being considerably helpful and also for making a decision on this form of fine things most people are really wanting to learn about. Our sincere apologies for not saying thanks to you sooner.
adidas yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezy-v2.com
Répondre longchamp handbags
à 23:38 le 5 novembre 2020 
I and also my buddies came reading through the good suggestions from your web site and then quickly I got an awful feeling I had not thanked the blog owner for those secrets. The men ended up so excited to study all of them and have simply been tapping into these things. I appreciate you for truly being really kind and for settling on varieties of incredibly good issues millions of individuals are really desirous to know about. My sincere regret for not expressing appreciation to sooner.
longchamp handbags http://www.long-champ.us.com
Répondre off white clothing
à 23:46 le 5 novembre 2020 
I just wanted to construct a brief note in order to thank you for some of the amazing recommendations you are giving at this website. My particularly long internet search has now been rewarded with reasonable knowledge to share with my neighbours. I would point out that most of us visitors are very much lucky to exist in a good site with many special people with valuable basics. I feel extremely blessed to have used your entire web page and look forward to plenty of more thrilling times reading here. Thanks once more for a lot of things.
off white clothing http://www.offwhiteclothing.us.com
Répondre off white jordan 1
à 0:55 le 6 novembre 2020 
I simply wanted to say thanks once again. I am not sure the things I would have carried out without those tactics shared by you relating to my subject matter. This was the terrifying circumstance for me personally, nevertheless looking at your professional strategy you managed that forced me to cry with fulfillment. Extremely grateful for the support as well as expect you are aware of an amazing job you have been doing training some other people with the aid of your webpage. I know that you haven't come across any of us.
off white jordan 1 http://www.offwhite.us.com
0