Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre moncler outlet
à 1:20 le 5 novembre 2020 
I wish to show my appreciation to the writer for rescuing me from this predicament. After exploring through the the net and obtaining notions that were not powerful, I thought my life was gone. Living minus the approaches to the difficulties you have sorted out all through your main report is a serious case, as well as those that might have adversely damaged my entire career if I hadn't come across your website. That ability and kindness in maneuvering everything was very useful. I don't know what I would have done if I had not encountered such a solution like this. I can now look forward to my future. Thanks very much for this expert and effective guide. I won't think twice to refer your web blog to anybody who needs direction about this matter.
moncler outlet http://www.monclers.us.com
Répondre moncler
à 1:23 le 5 novembre 2020 
I intended to put you one little word to be able to say thank you yet again on your breathtaking advice you have discussed in this article. It was incredibly open-handed of you to present unreservedly precisely what a number of us would've offered as an electronic book to help with making some cash for their own end, mostly considering that you could possibly have done it if you ever desired. Those tactics likewise served like the fantastic way to realize that some people have a similar dreams similar to my very own to know the truth a little more with reference to this problem. I believe there are several more pleasant occasions ahead for those who look over your website.
moncler http://www.moncler--outlet.us.com
Répondre stephen curry shoes
à 1:35 le 5 novembre 2020 
My husband and i ended up being very lucky that Edward could do his survey out of the precious recommendations he acquired out of the site. It's not at all simplistic just to possibly be releasing procedures that many people could have been making money from. And we consider we have got the website owner to thank for this. The entire illustrations you've made, the simple website navigation, the relationships you give support to foster - it's got everything wonderful, and it's aiding our son and our family reason why that matter is entertaining, which is certainly exceptionally indispensable. Thank you for the whole lot!
stephen curry shoes http://www.stephcurry.us
Répondre giannis antetokounmpo shoes
à 2:15 le 5 novembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for every one of your work on this website. Kate really likes engaging in research and it's really easy to see why. Almost all notice all concerning the powerful mode you convey very useful thoughts on this web site and therefore strongly encourage participation from other people about this topic and our favorite simple princess has always been becoming educated so much. Take pleasure in the rest of the year. You are performing a very good job.
giannis antetokounmpo shoes http://www.giannisantetokounmposhoes.com
Répondre yeezy 350 v2
à 2:24 le 5 novembre 2020 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with an extremely special chance to discover important secrets from this web site. It's usually very excellent and also jam-packed with amusement for me and my office acquaintances to search your website not less than thrice in 7 days to read the new things you have. Of course, I'm just always fascinated with your spectacular principles you serve. Selected two facts in this post are in truth the most beneficial we have all had.
yeezy 350 v2 http://www.yeezy-v2.com
Répondre balenciaga shoes
à 3:15 le 5 novembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone remarkably superb chance to discover important secrets from this blog. It is usually very cool and packed with a good time for me personally and my office colleagues to search the blog the equivalent of 3 times in a week to read through the latest secrets you have. Not to mention, I'm also usually pleased with your remarkable tips served by you. Selected 1 tips in this post are surely the simplest I've had.
balenciaga shoes http://www.balenciagaspeeds.com
Répondre kd13
à 3:44 le 5 novembre 2020 
I'm also commenting to let you be aware of what a extraordinary encounter my cousin's child undergone going through yuor web blog. She noticed some things, including what it is like to possess an amazing teaching character to have the rest quite simply grasp a variety of hard to do topics. You actually surpassed her desires. Thank you for coming up with those important, trustworthy, revealing and also easy tips on your topic to Lizeth.
kd13 http://www.kd13.us
Répondre retro jordans
à 4:01 le 5 novembre 2020 
I in addition to my pals were found to be viewing the best information on your web blog and so before long developed a terrible suspicion I had not thanked the site owner for those secrets. These men appeared to be for this reason excited to read all of them and have now very much been making the most of these things. I appreciate you for actually being indeed thoughtful as well as for picking out certain terrific subject matter millions of individuals are really wanting to know about. Our sincere apologies for not expressing appreciation to earlier.
retro jordans http://www.jordan-retro.us.com
Répondre cheap jordans
à 4:20 le 5 novembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with an exceptionally nice possiblity to read in detail from this site. It's always so awesome and also jam-packed with a good time for me and my office mates to visit your site the equivalent of thrice in one week to learn the latest guides you have. And of course, I am just at all times pleased concerning the impressive knowledge served by you. Certain 4 areas in this post are essentially the simplest we have had.
cheap jordans http://www.cheapjordans.us.com
Répondre goyard handbags
à 4:47 le 5 novembre 2020 
I and also my buddies have been checking the good techniques located on your site while at once developed a horrible suspicion I never expressed respect to the web site owner for those strategies. These women are already so warmed to read all of them and have in effect in reality been taking advantage of them. We appreciate you really being so considerate and then for settling on such outstanding issues millions of individuals are really desperate to be informed on. Our honest regret for not saying thanks to you earlier.
goyard handbags http://www.goyardus.com
Répondre hermes handbags
à 5:01 le 5 novembre 2020 
I together with my buddies happened to be studying the nice suggestions from the blog and immediately got a terrible feeling I never expressed respect to the web site owner for them. These men appeared to be for that reason joyful to learn them and now have simply been loving those things. Appreciation for being considerably kind and then for deciding on this form of great issues millions of individuals are really desperate to be informed on. Our sincere apologies for not saying thanks to earlier.
hermes handbags http://www.hermes-handbags.us.org
Répondre off white jordan 1
à 6:20 le 5 novembre 2020 
I not to mention my buddies happened to be examining the excellent helpful tips found on the website then then got an awful feeling I never expressed respect to you for those techniques. Most of the young boys appeared to be totally very interested to study them and have quite simply been having fun with these things. Many thanks for simply being well considerate as well as for opting for variety of nice topics millions of individuals are really eager to be informed on. My personal sincere regret for not expressing appreciation to sooner.
off white jordan 1 http://www.offwhitexjordan1.com
Répondre off white jordan 1
à 6:39 le 5 novembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for every one of your work on this web page. Kate really likes doing research and it's simple to grasp why. A lot of people hear all about the compelling means you deliver precious tips and tricks via this web blog and therefore welcome response from some others on that concern plus our princess is really being taught a lot of things. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the year. You're performing a dazzling job.
off white jordan 1 http://www.offwhitexjordan1.com
Répondre golden goose
à 6:50 le 5 novembre 2020 
I would like to convey my love for your kind-heartedness for men who should have help on in this field. Your special commitment to passing the solution across has been astonishingly important and have truly allowed men and women just like me to arrive at their objectives. This valuable recommendations means a whole lot to me and even more to my peers. Thank you; from all of us.
golden goose http://www.goldengoosesonline.com
Répondre balenciaga shoes
à 8:27 le 5 novembre 2020 
A lot of thanks for every one of your hard work on this web site. My aunt take interest in participating in research and it is simple to grasp why. Most of us know all regarding the dynamic mode you render valuable tips and hints by means of the website and in addition invigorate participation from people on this concept while my princess is without a doubt understanding so much. Take pleasure in the rest of the new year. Your carrying out a pretty cool job.
balenciaga shoes http://www.balenciaga-sneakers.us.com
Répondre curry 7 sour patch
à 9:42 le 5 novembre 2020 
I not to mention my friends happened to be taking note of the great ideas on your web blog and so quickly came up with a horrible feeling I had not thanked the web blog owner for those techniques. All of the guys became totally joyful to learn them and have in effect honestly been using them. Appreciate your getting indeed accommodating and for figuring out this sort of extraordinary subject areas millions of individuals are really desirous to be informed on. My very own sincere regret for not expressing gratitude to sooner.
curry 7 sour patch http://www.curry7.net
Répondre golden goose
à 9:58 le 5 novembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of all of your work on this website. Kim loves getting into research and it is easy to understand why. All of us learn all concerning the powerful way you make useful items on your blog and in addition increase contribution from other people on that concept and my princess is now studying a lot of things. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the year. You're doing a splendid job.
golden goose http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us
Répondre curry 6
à 11:19 le 5 novembre 2020 
Thank you so much for providing individuals with an extraordinarily splendid possiblity to discover important secrets from here. It is often very amazing and full of a good time for me and my office friends to visit your blog no less than three times weekly to read the fresh things you will have. And of course, I'm always motivated with all the good strategies you give. Certain 2 ideas in this article are easily the best I have ever had.
curry 6 http://www.curry-6.us
Répondre curry shoes
à 11:21 le 5 novembre 2020 
I want to convey my appreciation for your kind-heartedness supporting persons that should have assistance with this one issue. Your very own commitment to passing the message up and down became especially interesting and have truly enabled those like me to achieve their endeavors. Your interesting help signifies so much a person like me and much more to my colleagues. With thanks; from everyone of us.
curry shoes http://www.stephcurry.us
Répondre air jordan
à 11:47 le 5 novembre 2020 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with such a brilliant possiblity to check tips from this site. It really is so superb and also packed with amusement for me and my office friends to search your web site particularly thrice weekly to find out the newest stuff you will have. And indeed, I'm so actually contented with all the amazing concepts you serve. Selected 1 points on this page are rather the finest we have all ever had.
air jordan http://www.jordanstoreonline.com
0