Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre supreme hoodie
à 13:27 le 1 novembre 2020 
I simply wanted to construct a small remark so as to say thanks to you for some of the great hints you are sharing at this site. My particularly long internet research has at the end been honored with good quality facts and strategies to exchange with my pals. I would suppose that we readers actually are really endowed to live in a useful community with many perfect people with interesting things. I feel really grateful to have come across your webpages and look forward to really more pleasurable moments reading here. Thank you once again for everything.
supreme hoodie http://www.supreme-clothings.us.com
Répondre moncler jacket
à 14:50 le 1 novembre 2020 
I have to convey my respect for your generosity giving support to folks who must have assistance with in this content. Your real dedication to passing the solution all over had been really useful and have regularly helped guys and women much like me to achieve their dreams. Your new interesting useful information indicates a whole lot to me and still more to my fellow workers. Many thanks; from everyone of us.
moncler jacket http://www.monclersoutletstore.com
Répondre stephen curry shoes
à 15:30 le 1 novembre 2020 
My husband and i got now delighted that Albert could do his survey through the entire precious recommendations he had through your web pages. It is now and again perplexing to simply choose to be giving for free key points the others might have been selling. So we discover we now have the website owner to appreciate for this. The main explanations you have made, the simple blog navigation, the friendships you will make it easier to create - it is most unbelievable, and it's making our son and the family understand that subject matter is excellent, which is certainly extremely important. Many thanks for the whole thing!
stephen curry shoes http://www.stephencurry-shoes.us.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 15:31 le 1 novembre 2020 
I would like to show my appreciation to this writer just for bailing me out of this type of instance. After exploring through the the web and obtaining opinions which were not powerful, I was thinking my entire life was well over. Living minus the strategies to the difficulties you have sorted out through your main short article is a crucial case, and the kind that could have negatively affected my career if I had not noticed your blog. Your good expertise and kindness in dealing with all areas was valuable. I don't know what I would've done if I had not encountered such a subject like this. I can at this moment look ahead to my future. Thanks for your time very much for the professional and sensible guide. I will not think twice to suggest your web site to any person who should have support on this problem.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengooseoutlet.org
Répondre yeezy 380
à 15:34 le 1 novembre 2020 
I precisely had to thank you very much once more. I do not know what I might have implemented in the absence of the entire ideas shown by you on this concern. It was before an absolute intimidating crisis in my circumstances, however , viewing this specialized form you resolved that made me to jump over joy. I'm just happier for your support and as well , trust you recognize what an amazing job you were getting into training men and women using your webpage. Most probably you've never met any of us.
yeezy 380 http://www.yeezyboost380.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 15:45 le 1 novembre 2020 
I'm also writing to make you be aware of of the beneficial discovery my child gained going through the blog. She figured out numerous pieces, most notably what it's like to possess a marvelous teaching mindset to get folks very easily know just exactly specified very confusing subject matter. You undoubtedly exceeded our desires. Thanks for distributing these good, dependable, educational and in addition easy tips on that topic to Emily.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeoutlet.us.com
Répondre birkin bag
à 16:20 le 1 novembre 2020 
I want to express my admiration for your kindness in support of folks that should have help with your area. Your special commitment to getting the solution up and down was exceedingly helpful and have really allowed folks just like me to arrive at their dreams. Your personal valuable key points denotes this much to me and extremely more to my office colleagues. With thanks; from all of us.
birkin bag http://www.hermesbirkins.com
Répondre yeezy supply
à 16:41 le 1 novembre 2020 
I wish to show thanks to the writer just for rescuing me from this dilemma. After surfing through the online world and coming across basics which were not helpful, I figured my entire life was well over. Being alive without the presence of approaches to the difficulties you've fixed through your good write-up is a crucial case, and the kind which could have negatively damaged my entire career if I hadn't noticed your web page. Your primary training and kindness in maneuvering a lot of things was priceless. I don't know what I would've done if I had not encountered such a solution like this. I can at this point relish my future. Thanks for your time so much for your impressive and sensible help. I will not be reluctant to refer your web page to anybody who should get guide on this topic.
yeezy supply http://www.supplyyeezy.us
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 16:50 le 1 novembre 2020 
I am only commenting to let you understand what a notable encounter my child undergone reading through yuor web blog. She came to understand plenty of details, which include what it is like to possess an awesome helping nature to get a number of people really easily grasp specified advanced issues. You undoubtedly did more than her expectations. I appreciate you for churning out those priceless, trustworthy, explanatory and easy tips about the topic to Janet.
golden goose sneakers http://www.golden-goose.us
Répondre yeezy sneakers
à 17:02 le 1 novembre 2020 
I simply had to thank you so much once again. I am not sure the things I could possibly have worked on without these tips and hints discussed by you over my question. This was a real hard dilemma in my position, but coming across this specialised approach you solved the issue forced me to leap over fulfillment. I am just thankful for the guidance and trust you recognize what an amazing job that you're providing educating many others through your webpage. I'm certain you haven't got to know all of us.
yeezy sneakers http://www.yeezysneakers.us
Répondre yeezy boost 350
à 17:23 le 1 novembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of all your effort on this blog. Kim takes pleasure in getting into investigation and it's really easy to see why. My partner and i notice all regarding the dynamic mode you produce efficient things through the blog and even improve response from people on the idea and our simple princess is truly starting to learn a whole lot. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the year. You're the one conducting a remarkable job.
yeezy boost 350 http://www.yeezy-boost.us.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 17:24 le 1 novembre 2020 
Thank you for all of the labor on this site. Kim enjoys participating in investigations and it's really obvious why. I notice all concerning the powerful manner you present worthwhile ideas by means of your web blog and in addition invigorate response from other individuals about this article so our own simple princess is in fact learning a great deal. Take pleasure in the rest of the year. You are always conducting a very good job.
jordan shoes http://www.jordan12.us.com
Répondre kyrie 5
à 17:26 le 1 novembre 2020 
I'm writing to let you be aware of of the cool encounter my child obtained studying yuor web blog. She even learned so many pieces, which include what it is like to possess an awesome coaching nature to get other people clearly gain knowledge of certain multifaceted topics. You actually did more than my expectations. Thank you for giving these warm and friendly, trusted, informative and also unique tips about this topic to Gloria.
kyrie 5 http://www.kyrie5.org
Répondre lebron 17 shoes
à 17:42 le 1 novembre 2020 
I enjoy you because of all your work on this website. Betty really likes doing research and it is obvious why. My spouse and i notice all about the powerful way you deliver practical ideas by means of the blog and as well attract response from the others about this point while our favorite simple princess is in fact becoming educated so much. Enjoy the rest of the new year. You have been doing a remarkable job.
lebron 17 shoes http://www.lebron17s.us
Répondre retro jordans
à 18:01 le 1 novembre 2020 
I would like to show some appreciation to you just for rescuing me from this particular problem. Right after searching through the world-wide-web and coming across things that were not productive, I assumed my entire life was over. Living devoid of the approaches to the issues you have solved by way of your good report is a critical case, as well as the kind that could have adversely damaged my entire career if I had not encountered your website. The ability and kindness in taking care of everything was useful. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not encountered such a subject like this. I can at this moment look ahead to my future. Thanks a lot so much for your impressive and sensible help. I will not hesitate to suggest your web site to any individual who should have guide about this topic.
retro jordans http://www.retrojordanssale.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 18:19 le 1 novembre 2020 
Thank you a lot for giving everyone such a terrific possiblity to discover important secrets from this site. It's usually very superb plus stuffed with a great time for me personally and my office fellow workers to search your site at the very least 3 times in one week to read through the latest tips you will have. Of course, we are always impressed with your mind-boggling tips and hints you give. Some two points on this page are without a doubt the simplest we have ever had.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.com
Répondre longchamp
à 18:43 le 1 novembre 2020 
I would like to express appreciation to this writer just for bailing me out of this particular problem. Right after searching through the the web and finding thoughts which are not pleasant, I believed my entire life was gone. Living minus the strategies to the issues you have solved by way of the posting is a serious case, and the ones which might have in a negative way affected my entire career if I hadn't noticed your web blog. Your good expertise and kindness in maneuvering everything was invaluable. I am not sure what I would've done if I hadn't discovered such a solution like this. I'm able to at this time look ahead to my future. Thanks for your time so much for the expert and result oriented help. I will not hesitate to propose your blog post to anybody who would need recommendations on this matter.
longchamp http://www.longchampoutlets.us
Répondre off white x jordan 1
à 19:06 le 1 novembre 2020 
I and also my pals appeared to be reading the good recommendations found on your website and so instantly got an awful feeling I never expressed respect to you for those tips. The young men ended up for that reason happy to see them and already have unquestionably been tapping into these things. Thank you for getting very helpful as well as for making a decision on such perfect topics millions of individuals are really needing to understand about. My honest regret for not expressing appreciation to earlier.
off white x jordan 1 http://www.offwhitexjordan1.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 19:53 le 1 novembre 2020 
I intended to send you the very little note just to say thank you over again with the breathtaking opinions you have discussed in this case. It is so particularly generous with you to deliver easily all that a few people would've made available for an e-book to help make some money for themselves, particularly given that you might have done it in the event you wanted. Those ideas in addition served as a easy way to be sure that most people have a similar interest much like my personal own to realize a lot more with respect to this matter. I think there are several more fun instances up front for individuals that discover your blog.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothings.com
Répondre yeezy outlet
à 19:56 le 1 novembre 2020 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone such a terrific chance to read in detail from this site. It's always so ideal plus stuffed with amusement for me and my office co-workers to search the blog not less than thrice in 7 days to learn the new secrets you will have. And of course, we're usually pleased considering the eye-popping secrets served by you. Selected two areas in this post are unquestionably the most beneficial I have had.
yeezy outlet http://www.yeezyboostoutlet.us.com
0