Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre yeezy shoes
à 13:37 le 26 octobre 2020 
I would like to express some appreciation to the writer just for bailing me out of this type of incident. Right after searching throughout the internet and obtaining principles which were not beneficial, I thought my entire life was done. Being alive without the presence of solutions to the difficulties you've sorted out all through this short article is a crucial case, and the ones which could have negatively damaged my career if I hadn't discovered your blog post. Your primary expertise and kindness in maneuvering everything was invaluable. I don't know what I would've done if I hadn't come upon such a thing like this. I'm able to at this time look forward to my future. Thanks a lot so much for your reliable and result oriented guide. I won't think twice to recommend your web site to anybody who desires recommendations on this matter.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezyshoes.in.net
Répondre supreme clothing
à 14:25 le 26 octobre 2020 
I not to mention my guys came taking note of the nice thoughts on your site and so quickly developed an awful suspicion I had not expressed respect to the site owner for those techniques. All of the men happened to be for that reason very interested to read them and have now clearly been loving these things. We appreciate you simply being very thoughtful and also for using this kind of wonderful useful guides most people are really needing to learn about. My personal honest regret for not expressing gratitude to earlier.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeshoodie.com
Répondre yeezy 700
à 14:26 le 26 octobre 2020 
I must show thanks to this writer for bailing me out of this type of challenge. As a result of checking through the online world and getting solutions which are not powerful, I was thinking my life was well over. Existing without the presence of strategies to the difficulties you have solved through your main site is a serious case, as well as ones that might have in a negative way affected my entire career if I had not noticed your site. Your expertise and kindness in playing with the whole thing was helpful. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not come upon such a thing like this. I'm able to at this time look forward to my future. Thanks a lot so much for the reliable and result oriented help. I will not be reluctant to endorse your web page to anybody who wants and needs guide on this matter.
yeezy 700 http://www.yeezys700.com
Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 14:26 le 26 octobre 2020 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone an extraordinarily marvellous chance to read in detail from here. It is always very beneficial and also packed with a good time for me and my office co-workers to visit your blog not less than thrice weekly to read through the new things you have got. And definitely, we are actually happy with the staggering solutions you serve. Selected 4 tips in this posting are easily the most effective we have ever had.
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrieirvingshoes.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 14:27 le 26 octobre 2020 
My husband and i have been really fortunate Michael managed to do his inquiry through the entire precious recommendations he acquired in your web page. It's not at all simplistic just to continually be giving freely techniques that many many people could have been selling. And we acknowledge we have got you to be grateful to for this. The explanations you have made, the easy blog navigation, the friendships you can make it easier to instill - it's got mostly sensational, and it's really helping our son and our family reckon that this article is interesting, and that's quite essential. Many thanks for the whole thing!
golden goose http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.org
Répondre calvin klein outlet
à 14:28 le 26 octobre 2020 
I wish to convey my admiration for your kindness giving support to individuals that should have assistance with this important situation. Your special dedication to passing the solution all over has been extremely interesting and have continually empowered employees just like me to attain their ambitions. Your warm and helpful guidelines indicates much a person like me and substantially more to my office workers. Regards; from everyone of us.
calvin klein outlet http://www.calvinkleinoutlet.us.com
Répondre longchamp handbags
à 14:28 le 26 octobre 2020 
My husband and i ended up being so more than happy when Jordan managed to finish off his web research from your ideas he received while using the web pages. It is now and again perplexing to simply find yourself giving for free concepts which a number of people might have been trying to sell. And now we already know we need the website owner to give thanks to for this. Most of the illustrations you made, the straightforward website navigation, the friendships you help engender - it is most terrific, and it's really letting our son in addition to the family believe that the issue is brilliant, which is tremendously vital. Many thanks for all!
longchamp handbags http://www.longchampshandbags.us
Répondre moncler jackets
à 14:49 le 26 octobre 2020 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with such a terrific possiblity to read articles and blog posts from this website. It is always so superb and as well , packed with a lot of fun for me personally and my office acquaintances to search your site the equivalent of three times in a week to find out the fresh items you have got. And indeed, I am actually fascinated considering the impressive guidelines you serve. Certain 2 ideas in this article are in fact the most impressive we've had.
moncler jackets http://www.monclerjackets.us
Répondre kyrie 3
à 14:54 le 26 octobre 2020 
Thank you so much for providing individuals with a very breathtaking opportunity to read critical reviews from this website. It is often so lovely plus stuffed with amusement for me personally and my office co-workers to search the blog no less than thrice in a week to read the latest tips you have got. And of course, I am always fascinated with the excellent tips you serve. Some 1 areas in this post are truly the simplest we have all ever had.
kyrie 3 http://www.kyrie3.us.com
Répondre panneau-solaires.net
à 15:39 le 26 octobre 2020 
Répondre cheap jordans
à 15:51 le 26 octobre 2020 
A lot of thanks for all your valuable effort on this site. Kim enjoys getting into research and it's really obvious why. My partner and i learn all concerning the powerful ways you convey precious steps through this website and even recommend response from the others on the article plus our girl is in fact learning a lot of things. Take advantage of the rest of the new year. You have been carrying out a useful job.
cheap jordans http://www.air-jordanshoes.us.org
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 16:33 le 26 octobre 2020 
My wife and i have been now joyful when Michael could round up his web research while using the ideas he discovered from your web page. It is now and again perplexing just to always be offering secrets that most people might have been making money from. And we all already know we need you to be grateful to for that. The main explanations you've made, the simple website navigation, the friendships your site make it easier to engender - it is mostly extraordinary, and it's assisting our son and us do think that theme is interesting, which is certainly particularly mandatory. Thank you for the whole thing!
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengooseofficial.com
Répondre lebron shoes
à 16:48 le 26 octobre 2020 
My wife and i got absolutely excited that Peter managed to deal with his preliminary research out of the ideas he obtained through the web site. It is now and again perplexing to just be giving freely procedures the others have been selling. We really remember we have got the blog owner to thank because of that. The main illustrations you have made, the straightforward web site menu, the relationships you will help engender - it's got mostly incredible, and it's leading our son and us imagine that that content is satisfying, which is really mandatory. Thanks for the whole thing!
lebron shoes http://www.lebronjames.us.com
Répondre kd shoes
à 17:24 le 26 octobre 2020 
My husband and i were really cheerful that Jordan managed to do his inquiry while using the precious recommendations he came across out of the site. It's not at all simplistic just to always be freely giving guidelines that many most people could have been selling. We realize we have got the website owner to appreciate because of that. The main illustrations you made, the straightforward blog menu, the relationships you give support to create - it's got many awesome, and it is leading our son in addition to the family reason why the idea is exciting, which is certainly pretty indispensable. Many thanks for the whole thing!
kd shoes http://www.kd10.us
Répondre lebron shoes
à 17:45 le 26 octobre 2020 
I want to voice my gratitude for your kindness giving support to all those that require guidance on this one theme. Your real dedication to getting the solution all-around came to be especially significant and has constantly enabled people like me to get to their ambitions. Your entire interesting facts implies a great deal to me and especially to my office workers. Warm regards; from all of us.
lebron shoes http://www.lebron17s.us
Répondre moncler
à 17:55 le 26 octobre 2020 
I enjoy you because of your own hard work on this site. Kim enjoys working on internet research and it's really easy to understand why. We all know all relating to the dynamic manner you create simple solutions by means of your web blog and as well inspire response from the others on that topic while my girl is now understanding a lot. Enjoy the rest of the year. Your doing a stunning job.
moncler http://www.monclersoutlet.us.com
Répondre moncler
à 18:07 le 26 octobre 2020 
A lot of thanks for all your work on this website. Gloria really likes managing research and it's easy to understand why. Many of us know all relating to the lively way you produce advantageous techniques on the web blog and in addition invigorate participation from other people on that content while our daughter is actually starting to learn a whole lot. Take advantage of the rest of the new year. You're the one performing a remarkable job.
moncler http://www.monclersoutlet.us.com
Répondre nike kyrie 5
à 18:23 le 26 octobre 2020 
I needed to put you one little bit of word just to give thanks again over the extraordinary tricks you've shared on this page. This has been certainly incredibly generous of people like you to convey freely what many people would have offered for sale for an e-book to end up making some bucks for their own end, most importantly considering that you might have done it if you ever desired. These concepts additionally worked like a fantastic way to realize that other individuals have the identical dreams much like my own to know somewhat more on the subject of this condition. I'm sure there are thousands of more pleasant moments in the future for many who scan through your website.
nike kyrie 5 http://www.kyrie5.org
Répondre curry 6
à 18:31 le 26 octobre 2020 
Thanks for all of the hard work on this web page. Gloria loves managing research and it is simple to grasp why. Most of us learn all regarding the compelling way you produce invaluable tactics by means of this website and in addition improve contribution from other ones on that subject matter while our own simple princess is without a doubt becoming educated a great deal. Take advantage of the rest of the new year. You are always performing a splendid job.
curry 6 http://www.curry-6.us
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 18:31 le 26 octobre 2020 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with such a pleasant possiblity to discover important secrets from this website. It can be very beneficial plus packed with a great time for me and my office acquaintances to search your site at minimum 3 times in one week to read the latest guides you have got. And lastly, I'm so certainly fulfilled concerning the exceptional tricks served by you. Selected 2 tips in this post are in truth the most suitable we've ever had.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoosesneakersstore.com
0