Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre supreme clothing
à 23:53 le 23 octobre 2020 
I enjoy you because of your own efforts on this site. Gloria delights in doing internet research and it's easy to understand why. We know all concerning the dynamic medium you produce reliable secrets on the web blog and as well as invigorate contribution from some others on that issue and our own girl is really being taught a lot. Have fun with the remaining portion of the new year. You're carrying out a useful job.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes.us.org
Répondre yeezy boost 500
à 23:59 le 23 octobre 2020 
I simply had to appreciate you all over again. I do not know the things that I could possibly have worked on in the absence of the actual recommendations documented by you on my theme. It had become an absolute depressing matter in my position, however , considering the very expert fashion you treated that took me to jump for gladness. Now i'm happier for the service and as well , hope that you really know what a powerful job you are undertaking instructing the rest all through your webpage. Most probably you have never come across all of us.
yeezy boost 500 http://www.yeezy-500.us.com
Répondre moncler
à 0:00 le 24 octobre 2020 
I am glad for writing to make you be aware of what a wonderful experience my friend's child enjoyed reading through your site. She came to understand several details, including what it is like to have a wonderful coaching heart to make many people without problems know precisely several impossible topics. You really did more than our expectations. Thank you for coming up with those priceless, trustworthy, informative not to mention easy tips about that topic to Ethel.
moncler http://www.monclersoutlet.us.com
Répondre moncler
à 0:38 le 24 octobre 2020 
My husband and i were very peaceful that Louis managed to conclude his investigations through the precious recommendations he came across out of your web page. It's not at all simplistic to simply happen to be handing out guidelines that many the others could have been making money from. We discover we need the website owner to appreciate because of that. Those explanations you made, the straightforward site navigation, the friendships you assist to foster - it's many extraordinary, and it's really leading our son in addition to our family feel that the issue is satisfying, and that's highly pressing. Many thanks for all!
moncler http://www.outletmoncler.us.com
Répondre nike shox for men
à 0:41 le 24 octobre 2020 
I am also commenting to make you be aware of what a terrific encounter my cousin's daughter had visiting your web page. She noticed numerous things, most notably how it is like to have an amazing teaching spirit to get other people without hassle fully understand some extremely tough matters. You actually exceeded readers' expectations. Thanks for coming up with these essential, dependable, informative and as well as unique guidance on your topic to Jane.
nike shox for men http://www.nike-shox.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 0:42 le 24 octobre 2020 
I am only commenting to make you know what a perfect discovery my child obtained checking your site. She discovered too many pieces, which include how it is like to have an ideal coaching heart to have the others really easily know selected very confusing matters. You actually did more than her expected results. Many thanks for churning out such insightful, trusted, edifying and even easy tips on your topic to Julie.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeshoodie.com
Répondre jordan 13
à 2:09 le 24 octobre 2020 
I and also my pals have already been digesting the nice techniques from the website and so then got a horrible suspicion I had not expressed respect to you for those tips. The women were as a consequence stimulated to learn all of them and have now honestly been making the most of these things. Appreciate your truly being considerably considerate and also for finding such fine tips most people are really desperate to discover. My very own honest apologies for not saying thanks to sooner.
jordan 13 http://www.jordan13.us.com
Répondre retro jordans
à 2:14 le 24 octobre 2020 
A lot of thanks for all of your effort on this web page. Debby loves working on research and it's simple to grasp why. Most of us learn all regarding the dynamic way you offer very useful techniques by means of your blog and even recommend participation from other people about this theme plus our child is always being taught a great deal. Have fun with the rest of the new year. You're the one doing a good job.
retro jordans http://www.jordanshoes.us
Répondre supreme outlet
à 2:28 le 24 octobre 2020 
I happen to be writing to let you be aware of what a really good discovery my daughter undergone studying your webblog. She came to understand such a lot of details, which include how it is like to possess an excellent giving mindset to let other folks without difficulty fully understand selected complex subject areas. You undoubtedly did more than visitors' expected results. I appreciate you for producing such powerful, trustworthy, revealing and also unique tips about that topic to Sandra.
supreme outlet http://www.supremeclothingstore.com
Répondre yeezy
à 2:39 le 24 octobre 2020 
Thank you so much for giving everyone an extraordinarily splendid opportunity to read critical reviews from this site. It's always so useful plus full of a lot of fun for me personally and my office peers to visit your web site at least three times in a week to study the latest items you have got. Not to mention, I'm so usually impressed with the fabulous thoughts you give. Some 2 ideas on this page are essentially the most beneficial we have all ever had.
yeezy http://www.supplyyeezy.us
Répondre jordan 11
à 3:01 le 24 octobre 2020 
I want to show appreciation to the writer just for bailing me out of this issue. Because of searching through the the web and coming across methods which are not beneficial, I was thinking my life was done. Existing devoid of the approaches to the issues you've resolved by means of your main write-up is a serious case, and the kind which could have badly affected my career if I hadn't encountered your web site. Your good talents and kindness in dealing with every aspect was invaluable. I am not sure what I would've done if I had not come across such a stuff like this. I can now look ahead to my future. Thank you very much for your specialized and sensible guide. I will not hesitate to propose your web blog to anybody who needs counselling on this issue.
jordan 11 http://www.jordan11retro.us.com
Répondre off white nike
à 4:22 le 24 octobre 2020 
I must express appreciation to this writer for bailing me out of this type of setting. Just after scouting through the internet and coming across basics which were not powerful, I assumed my life was over. Being alive without the presence of strategies to the difficulties you've fixed through this report is a critical case, as well as the ones which may have badly damaged my career if I had not encountered your website. Your main natural talent and kindness in handling everything was crucial. I am not sure what I would've done if I hadn't encountered such a subject like this. I am able to at this time look forward to my future. Thanks a lot very much for your reliable and amazing help. I won't hesitate to suggest your web sites to any individual who should get direction on this topic.
off white nike http://www.nikexoffwhite.com
Répondre goyard
à 4:27 le 24 octobre 2020 
I and my guys have been looking at the best information and facts from your web page and instantly I had an awful suspicion I had not expressed respect to the blog owner for those techniques. All of the women came for this reason happy to learn them and have in effect unquestionably been making the most of these things. Thanks for indeed being so helpful and also for picking out some great guides most people are really wanting to be informed on. My very own honest regret for not saying thanks to sooner.
goyard http://www.goyards.us.org
Répondre giannis antetokounmpo shoes
à 4:41 le 24 octobre 2020 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone a very memorable chance to read from this website. It's always very terrific and as well , stuffed with fun for me and my office colleagues to visit your blog more than thrice weekly to see the fresh items you have got. And of course, we're always fulfilled with all the mind-boggling methods served by you. Selected 1 ideas in this post are completely the best we have had.
giannis antetokounmpo shoes http://www.giannisantetokounmposhoes.us
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 5:30 le 24 octobre 2020 
I just wanted to type a word in order to appreciate you for all of the magnificent ideas you are showing on this site. My particularly long internet research has at the end been paid with reliable details to share with my friends and family. I 'd mention that we site visitors are undeniably lucky to be in a useful network with very many marvellous individuals with beneficial concepts. I feel extremely happy to have discovered the site and look forward to tons of more excellent minutes reading here. Thanks once more for all the details.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoosesneakersstore.com
Répondre off white
à 5:34 le 24 octobre 2020 
I wish to point out my gratitude for your kind-heartedness in support of persons that need help with this particular subject matter. Your very own commitment to passing the solution around appears to be exceedingly practical and have empowered ladies much like me to attain their endeavors. This informative advice entails a great deal to me and extremely more to my colleagues. Warm regards; from each one of us.
off white http://www.offwhiteclothing.us.com
Répondre jordan 11
à 5:37 le 24 octobre 2020 
I precisely wished to thank you so much once again. I am not sure what I would have used in the absence of the actual aspects shared by you regarding such a problem. It was actually a horrifying case in my opinion, but discovering this specialised form you dealt with that took me to jump with happiness. I am thankful for the help and then pray you recognize what a great job you're carrying out training the mediocre ones all through your blog. I'm certain you haven't come across any of us.
jordan 11 http://www.jordan11retro.us.com
Répondre lebron shoes
à 5:40 le 24 octobre 2020 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with a very pleasant opportunity to read critical reviews from this blog. It can be so enjoyable plus stuffed with a good time for me personally and my office friends to search your site really 3 times in one week to study the new guides you have got. And indeed, we're at all times motivated with your unique hints served by you. Selected two areas in this article are basically the most suitable I've ever had.
lebron shoes http://www.lebronjamesshoes.name
Répondre golden goose
à 5:42 le 24 octobre 2020 
Thank you a lot for giving everyone an extremely superb chance to read from this website. It is always very fantastic and as well , stuffed with a lot of fun for me and my office colleagues to search your website not less than thrice weekly to see the new guides you have got. Of course, we are certainly amazed for the astounding points you give. Selected 2 ideas in this post are easily the most impressive I have ever had.
golden goose http://www.goldengooses.us
Répondre kobe shoes
à 6:07 le 24 octobre 2020 
I have to show my passion for your generosity giving support to men who actually need help on that study. Your special commitment to passing the message all-around had become especially practical and has consistently made workers just like me to get to their aims. Your invaluable instruction signifies a great deal a person like me and far more to my office colleagues. Best wishes; from all of us.
kobe shoes http://www.kobe-shoes.us.com
0