Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre kobe byrant shoes
à 9:27 le 21 octobre 2020 
Needed to send you the bit of observation to help say thanks yet again for all the fantastic views you have provided here. This is simply incredibly open-handed of people like you to grant easily exactly what most people could possibly have marketed for an electronic book in order to make some bucks for their own end, principally considering the fact that you might have tried it in the event you decided. Those things in addition served to be the fantastic way to be sure that most people have a similar zeal just like my own to grasp way more with respect to this problem. I know there are many more fun times in the future for individuals that read through your blog post.
kobe byrant shoes http://www.kobe-shoes.us.com
Répondre hermes
à 9:41 le 21 octobre 2020 
I must express some thanks to the writer for rescuing me from this type of incident. As a result of scouting through the internet and meeting tricks which are not helpful, I figured my life was done. Existing without the presence of solutions to the problems you have sorted out all through your good write-up is a crucial case, and the ones that might have in a negative way damaged my career if I had not come across your web blog. The expertise and kindness in controlling every item was tremendous. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not come across such a stuff like this. I can at this point relish my future. Thanks very much for your specialized and sensible help. I won't be reluctant to propose the blog to any person who should have care about this subject.
hermes http://www.hermes-handbags.us.com
Répondre balenciaga speed
à 10:27 le 21 octobre 2020 
Thanks so much for giving everyone remarkably splendid chance to discover important secrets from here. It is always very fantastic plus stuffed with a lot of fun for me personally and my office acquaintances to search the blog at a minimum 3 times every week to find out the new tips you have got. And lastly, I am certainly happy for the wonderful tips and hints served by you. Selected 3 facts in this post are truly the finest I have ever had.
balenciaga speed http://www.balenciagaspeeds.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 12:48 le 21 octobre 2020 
I actually wanted to write down a brief word in order to thank you for those nice tricks you are sharing at this site. My time consuming internet search has finally been paid with brilliant strategies to write about with my visitors. I 'd state that that many of us website visitors are undeniably blessed to dwell in a superb community with many lovely professionals with useful techniques. I feel truly blessed to have seen the website and look forward to some more amazing minutes reading here. Thank you once again for all the details.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezyshoes.in.net
Répondre yeezy boost 350
à 13:02 le 21 octobre 2020 
I and also my pals came following the excellent techniques found on your site and then before long I had an awful feeling I had not thanked the web site owner for those strategies. My young boys became as a result excited to read all of them and have now very much been loving these things. Appreciate your truly being really kind as well as for deciding upon some cool ideas most people are really needing to learn about. My honest regret for not saying thanks to earlier.
yeezy boost 350 http://www.yeezyboost350v2s.us
Répondre hermes belt
à 13:18 le 21 octobre 2020 
Thanks so much for giving everyone such a nice chance to read critical reviews from this website. It is always so good and also jam-packed with a lot of fun for me and my office mates to visit your website at least three times weekly to find out the newest secrets you have got. And definitely, we're usually impressed considering the astonishing principles you give. Selected 4 points on this page are ultimately the simplest we've ever had.
hermes belt http://www.hermesbelt.us.org
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 13:27 le 21 octobre 2020 
I simply wanted to develop a small word to be able to appreciate you for those precious techniques you are showing on this site. My incredibly long internet investigation has at the end of the day been rewarded with incredibly good facts and techniques to write about with my friends and family. I 'd point out that we site visitors are quite lucky to live in a fabulous website with so many outstanding people with very helpful ideas. I feel rather grateful to have used your entire website and look forward to plenty of more fun moments reading here. Thank you once more for all the details.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezysshoes.us
Répondre retro jordans
à 13:38 le 21 octobre 2020 
I simply wanted to compose a quick word in order to thank you for those splendid tips and hints you are showing at this site. My considerable internet lookup has at the end of the day been paid with sensible concept to write about with my classmates and friends. I 'd point out that many of us visitors actually are definitely blessed to be in a perfect site with many marvellous professionals with beneficial advice. I feel really grateful to have used your entire webpages and look forward to many more exciting times reading here. Thanks again for everything.
retro jordans http://www.retrojordanssale.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 13:51 le 21 octobre 2020 
I and my buddies happened to be checking the good suggestions located on the blog and unexpectedly developed an awful suspicion I never thanked the site owner for those tips. All of the young boys ended up thrilled to see them and already have actually been making the most of those things. I appreciate you for turning out to be quite accommodating and for picking out this sort of fantastic subject matter most people are really needing to know about. My personal sincere regret for not saying thanks to sooner.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengoose-outlet.us.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 13:57 le 21 octobre 2020 
My wife and i have been very fortunate that Albert managed to do his reports by way of the precious recommendations he gained from your weblog. It's not at all simplistic to just continually be giving out solutions others have been making money from. And we also consider we need the writer to be grateful to because of that. Those explanations you made, the straightforward site navigation, the relationships you assist to instill - it's most fabulous, and it's really facilitating our son and the family believe that the idea is interesting, and that is unbelievably pressing. Many thanks for all!
jordan shoes http://www.jordans.com.co
Répondre hermes belt
à 13:58 le 21 octobre 2020 
I as well as my buddies have been viewing the nice secrets found on your site and so immediately I had a terrible feeling I never expressed respect to you for them. My women came for this reason glad to read them and now have quite simply been taking pleasure in these things. I appreciate you for getting so thoughtful and also for selecting certain incredible guides most people are really wanting to understand about. My personal honest regret for not expressing gratitude to you earlier.
hermes belt http://www.hermesbelts.com
Répondre supreme outlet
à 14:13 le 21 octobre 2020 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with a very superb opportunity to read critical reviews from this website. It really is so beneficial and full of a good time for me personally and my office peers to visit your blog on the least 3 times in one week to learn the latest guides you have. Of course, I am also at all times contented with all the extraordinary solutions you give. Selected 3 facts in this article are definitely the best we have ever had.
supreme outlet http://www.supreme.us.org
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 14:28 le 21 octobre 2020 
I precisely wanted to thank you very much once more. I'm not certain the things I would have handled in the absence of the actual strategies shown by you concerning this subject matter. It seemed to be a frightful case for me, nevertheless considering the specialized way you dealt with the issue forced me to cry over happiness. Extremely happy for the help and have high hopes you realize what a great job you are always carrying out teaching other individuals using your site. Most probably you've never encountered all of us.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezyshoes.in.net
Répondre kobe byrant shoes
à 14:43 le 21 octobre 2020 
I precisely desired to say thanks once again. I am not sure the things I could possibly have implemented without the actual recommendations documented by you relating to this subject matter. It was actually a real hard problem in my position, nevertheless coming across your specialised style you resolved it took me to leap for gladness. Now i'm thankful for your guidance and then wish you really know what an amazing job you have been undertaking teaching the rest all through your webpage. I am certain you haven't got to know any of us.
kobe byrant shoes http://www.kobe-shoes.us.com
Répondre jordan retro
à 14:51 le 21 octobre 2020 
I want to express appreciation to you for bailing me out of this type of challenge. Right after checking through the internet and getting tips that were not beneficial, I was thinking my life was well over. Living without the presence of solutions to the issues you've fixed all through the post is a crucial case, and those which could have in a wrong way affected my entire career if I hadn't encountered your website. Your actual talents and kindness in maneuvering a lot of things was very helpful. I'm not sure what I would have done if I had not encountered such a thing like this. I am able to at this moment relish my future. Thanks very much for the specialized and results-oriented guide. I won't think twice to suggest your web page to anyone who needs and wants assistance on this matter.
jordan retro http://www.jordan-retro.us.com
Répondre kyrie 3
à 15:03 le 21 octobre 2020 
I have to show some thanks to this writer for bailing me out of such a matter. After exploring through the the web and obtaining principles which are not helpful, I believed my entire life was done. Existing without the presence of strategies to the issues you have solved through your main site is a crucial case, and the ones which could have adversely damaged my career if I had not encountered the website. Your actual knowledge and kindness in taking care of the whole lot was tremendous. I'm not sure what I would've done if I hadn't encountered such a thing like this. I can also at this moment look forward to my future. Thanks so much for your professional and result oriented help. I will not hesitate to suggest the website to anybody who should have support on this situation.
kyrie 3 http://www.kyrie3.us.com
Répondre retro jordans
à 15:17 le 21 octobre 2020 
I as well as my guys have been digesting the good points found on the blog and unexpectedly developed an awful feeling I had not expressed respect to the site owner for those tips. Those guys became absolutely joyful to read all of them and now have certainly been using them. We appreciate you truly being very kind and for figuring out some incredibly good useful guides most people are really wanting to be informed on. My very own honest apologies for not saying thanks to you earlier.
retro jordans http://www.retro-jordans.us.com
Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 15:21 le 21 octobre 2020 
My wife and i have been so more than happy Chris managed to finish off his preliminary research from the ideas he obtained out of your weblog. It's not at all simplistic to just choose to be releasing tips and hints some people could have been making money from. And we fully grasp we need the writer to give thanks to for that. The type of explanations you made, the straightforward site menu, the friendships you can make it easier to create - it's got everything exceptional, and it's aiding our son in addition to us understand this subject matter is satisfying, which is incredibly important. Many thanks for all the pieces!
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrie6.org
Répondre yeezy
à 15:33 le 21 octobre 2020 
Needed to create you that tiny observation so as to thank you the moment again over the striking ideas you've shared here. This has been quite particularly open-handed with people like you to supply easily what most people could have distributed for an ebook to make some dough for themselves, even more so considering the fact that you could possibly have done it in the event you decided. Those inspiring ideas likewise worked to become a good way to be certain that other individuals have the same fervor just as my personal own to find out great deal more with regard to this problem. I'm sure there are lots of more fun instances ahead for many who looked over your website.
yeezy http://www.yeezys.in.net
Répondre kd 13
à 15:34 le 21 octobre 2020 
I really wanted to write down a simple word in order to say thanks to you for these fabulous tips and tricks you are posting at this site. My time-consuming internet investigation has at the end been paid with incredibly good ideas to go over with my companions. I 'd declare that we site visitors actually are extremely endowed to live in a magnificent community with many marvellous people with useful tips and hints. I feel really happy to have discovered your web site and look forward to plenty of more enjoyable moments reading here. Thanks a lot again for everything.
kd 13 http://www.kd13.us
0