Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 4:40 le 21 octobre 2020 
I simply wanted to write down a small note to be able to express gratitude to you for those splendid suggestions you are placing at this site. My time intensive internet research has now been rewarded with brilliant strategies to exchange with my co-workers. I 'd declare that we website visitors actually are undeniably fortunate to dwell in a really good community with so many outstanding individuals with helpful techniques. I feel really blessed to have discovered your entire weblog and look forward to some more excellent minutes reading here. Thank you once again for everything.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.com
Répondre birkin bag
à 4:49 le 21 octobre 2020 
My spouse and i got very fulfilled that Louis managed to round up his studies because of the ideas he discovered in your site. It's not at all simplistic just to find yourself making a gift of methods which some others may have been making money from. We really discover we need the website owner to give thanks to for that. The type of explanations you've made, the simple blog navigation, the friendships you assist to promote - it is many unbelievable, and it's facilitating our son and our family understand that subject is thrilling, and that is quite important. Many thanks for all!
birkin bag http://www.hermesbirkinbags.us.com
Répondre cheap jordans
à 4:56 le 21 octobre 2020 
I would like to show my thanks to you just for bailing me out of such a setting. As a result of browsing through the world wide web and meeting advice which were not pleasant, I figured my life was gone. Living minus the approaches to the problems you've sorted out through the article content is a serious case, and ones which could have badly damaged my career if I had not discovered the website. Your competence and kindness in taking care of a lot of stuff was crucial. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come across such a solution like this. I am able to at this time look forward to my future. Thanks for your time so much for the professional and sensible help. I will not be reluctant to recommend your blog to anybody who needs and wants support about this situation.
cheap jordans http://www.cheap-airjordans.us.com
Répondre lebron shoes
à 5:13 le 21 octobre 2020 
I wanted to write down a word so as to express gratitude to you for those superb techniques you are posting here. My time-consuming internet lookup has finally been paid with extremely good strategies to write about with my classmates and friends. I 'd suppose that many of us site visitors actually are unquestionably blessed to live in a fantastic network with many marvellous individuals with insightful points. I feel somewhat lucky to have encountered your entire webpages and look forward to many more enjoyable minutes reading here. Thanks a lot once again for everything.
lebron shoes http://www.lebronjamesshoes.name
Répondre westbrook shoes
à 5:48 le 21 octobre 2020 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with a very spectacular chance to read in detail from this web site. It can be so beneficial and packed with a lot of fun for me and my office mates to visit your web site a minimum of 3 times in one week to find out the newest tips you have got. And lastly, I'm just always amazed considering the sensational principles you give. Certain 3 tips in this posting are really the most suitable I've had.
westbrook shoes http://www.russellwestbrookshoes.us
Répondre off white nike
à 5:48 le 21 octobre 2020 
I wanted to write you a very small word to be able to say thanks again for these striking views you have shown here. It was open-handed of you to present without restraint exactly what a number of people might have sold as an e book to help make some money for their own end, chiefly considering that you could possibly have done it if you decided. Those concepts also acted as a good way to comprehend other people have the same dream really like my personal own to figure out good deal more on the topic of this condition. I am sure there are some more pleasurable moments up front for those who go through your site.
off white nike http://www.off-whiteshoes.us.com
Répondre kd shoes
à 5:48 le 21 octobre 2020 
My wife and i felt quite excited that Ervin managed to round up his studies out of the ideas he received out of the web site. It's not at all simplistic to just be handing out tips which usually people today have been trying to sell. And now we see we have got the blog owner to appreciate for this. The main illustrations you've made, the easy blog menu, the relationships you can make it possible to foster - it is mostly incredible, and it is leading our son and our family consider that the content is satisfying, and that is rather fundamental. Many thanks for the whole thing!
kd shoes http://www.kevindurant-shoes.us.com
Répondre steph curry shoes
à 5:48 le 21 octobre 2020 
A lot of thanks for your own hard work on this web page. My daughter loves doing investigation and it's obvious why. We all notice all about the lively method you render both useful and interesting guidance through your website and as well recommend participation from other people on that concern while our own girl is without a doubt being taught a lot of things. Take advantage of the rest of the new year. You are always performing a terrific job.
steph curry shoes http://www.stephencurry-shoes.us.com
Répondre golden goose shoes
à 5:48 le 21 octobre 2020 
I enjoy you because of all of your labor on this web site. My daughter enjoys managing investigation and it's really simple to grasp why. I know all regarding the dynamic method you deliver precious steps on your web site and therefore strongly encourage participation from other individuals about this article then my princess is in fact being taught a lot of things. Enjoy the rest of the new year. You have been performing a really good job.
golden goose shoes http://www.goldengoose-shoes.us.com
Répondre cheap jordans
à 5:48 le 21 octobre 2020 
I must show some appreciation to this writer for rescuing me from such a situation. After surfing through the the net and getting advice which were not productive, I was thinking my life was done. Living minus the answers to the issues you've solved as a result of the article content is a serious case, and those that might have adversely affected my entire career if I had not encountered your web site. Your primary understanding and kindness in controlling every part was tremendous. I'm not sure what I would've done if I had not encountered such a subject like this. I can at this point look ahead to my future. Thank you so much for the reliable and result oriented guide. I won't be reluctant to suggest your web site to anybody who needs to have guidelines on this topic.
cheap jordans http://www.cheapjordan.us
Répondre jordans
à 5:48 le 21 octobre 2020 
Thank you so much for providing individuals with such a brilliant opportunity to read in detail from here. It is usually very useful and jam-packed with fun for me and my office peers to visit your site no less than three times a week to see the newest items you will have. And definitely, I'm so at all times astounded with the cool creative concepts you serve. Some 2 points in this posting are honestly the most efficient we've ever had.
jordans http://www.jordansshoes.us.org
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 5:48 le 21 octobre 2020 
Thanks so much for giving everyone such a nice possiblity to read in detail from here. It can be very beneficial and as well , jam-packed with fun for me personally and my office friends to search the blog at minimum three times a week to see the newest guidance you have got. Of course, we are certainly contented for the cool methods you serve. Selected 2 tips in this article are unquestionably the most efficient we have had.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezyshoes.in.net
Répondre birkin bag
à 5:48 le 21 octobre 2020 
I happen to be writing to let you know what a useful encounter my friend's child experienced viewing your webblog. She even learned many issues, including what it is like to have a great teaching style to make folks without difficulty thoroughly grasp a variety of specialized subject matter. You truly surpassed my expected results. Thanks for coming up with those insightful, trustworthy, explanatory not to mention fun thoughts on the topic to Emily.
birkin bag http://www.birkinbag.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 5:53 le 21 octobre 2020 
I wish to get across my affection for your generosity in support of those people who really want assistance with this particular study. Your real dedication to passing the solution around had been surprisingly valuable and have constantly allowed regular people just like me to arrive at their objectives. Your personal helpful publication can mean a great deal to me and somewhat more to my colleagues. With thanks; from each one of us.
golden goose http://www.goldengoose-outlet.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 6:14 le 21 octobre 2020 
I wanted to post a brief remark to be able to thank you for some of the remarkable hints you are writing at this website. My time consuming internet search has at the end of the day been compensated with sensible content to exchange with my guests. I would assert that most of us readers actually are quite blessed to dwell in a fine network with very many brilliant individuals with great tips and hints. I feel really blessed to have come across your web page and look forward to plenty of more cool moments reading here. Thanks again for all the details.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezy350boostv2s.us
Répondre curry shoes
à 6:19 le 21 octobre 2020 
I want to show some thanks to the writer for rescuing me from this particular circumstance. Right after surfing around through the the web and obtaining concepts which were not powerful, I thought my life was over. Being alive without the solutions to the problems you have fixed by means of the article is a crucial case, and the ones that could have in a wrong way affected my career if I had not come across your web blog. Your main capability and kindness in taking care of a lot of things was very useful. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come upon such a stuff like this. It's possible to at this time look ahead to my future. Thanks for your time so much for your expert and effective help. I won't think twice to recommend your web blog to anybody who requires care about this situation.
curry shoes http://www.curryshoes.net
Répondre off white jordan 1
à 7:09 le 21 octobre 2020 
My spouse and i got really contented when John managed to deal with his preliminary research by way of the ideas he made through your blog. It's not at all simplistic to just happen to be making a gift of helpful hints many others have been trying to sell. We figure out we've got the website owner to be grateful to because of that. Most of the explanations you've made, the easy website menu, the friendships your site help promote - it's everything powerful, and it's helping our son in addition to our family feel that the idea is fun, and that's really serious. Many thanks for all!
off white jordan 1 http://www.offwhitejordan1.us.com
Répondre air jordans
à 7:31 le 21 octobre 2020 
I'm also commenting to let you be aware of what a exceptional experience our princess went through reading through your site. She discovered too many issues, most notably what it's like to have an awesome helping spirit to have most people just gain knowledge of selected multifaceted subject matter. You really did more than my desires. Thank you for showing the essential, trustworthy, informative and as well as fun guidance on that topic to Evelyn.
air jordans http://www.cheap-airjordans.us.com
Répondre nike lebron shoes
à 7:53 le 21 octobre 2020 
I precisely desired to thank you very much once more. I'm not certain what I could possibly have tried without those smart ideas discussed by you regarding my theme. It actually was a fearsome dilemma in my view, however , noticing your well-written way you dealt with it took me to jump with happiness. I'm just thankful for the service and in addition believe you know what a great job that you are accomplishing educating others all through a blog. I am certain you've never encountered all of us.
nike lebron shoes http://www.lebron17s.us
Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 9:25 le 21 octobre 2020 
My husband and i ended up being fortunate that Michael managed to conclude his researching from your ideas he got through the web pages. It's not at all simplistic just to be giving away methods that many some other people may have been making money from. And we all fully grasp we've got the website owner to thank for that. All the illustrations you have made, the simple site menu, the relationships you will make it possible to create - it's many excellent, and it's leading our son in addition to us consider that that subject matter is pleasurable, which is tremendously pressing. Thank you for the whole thing!
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrieirvingshoes.us.com
0