Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre yeezy shoes
à 21:57 le 20 octobre 2020 
I am also writing to make you be aware of what a brilliant experience our princess gained browsing your webblog. She figured out numerous things, including what it is like to have an amazing helping mindset to get folks without problems grasp selected advanced subject areas. You really surpassed my desires. I appreciate you for displaying these essential, trustworthy, explanatory and in addition fun tips about your topic to Emily.
yeezy shoes http://www.adidasyeezys.us.com
Répondre hermes handbags
à 22:32 le 20 octobre 2020 
My wife and i have been quite happy when Raymond could finish off his investigations from your ideas he discovered out of your site. It is now and again perplexing just to choose to be making a gift of information which a number of people could have been selling. And we all fully understand we have got the website owner to thank for that. The most important explanations you've made, the straightforward web site menu, the friendships you can aid to instill - it's got mostly wonderful, and it's really helping our son in addition to the family understand this concept is amusing, and that's rather important. Many thanks for all!
hermes handbags http://www.hermes-handbags.us.org
Répondre lebron 16
à 22:34 le 20 octobre 2020 
I and also my guys have already been going through the excellent hints found on your web blog and then at once developed an awful suspicion I never thanked the site owner for them. Those young men had been certainly warmed to study them and already have in truth been making the most of them. Thanks for really being quite thoughtful and then for getting varieties of superb useful guides millions of individuals are really eager to understand about. My sincere apologies for not expressing gratitude to sooner.
lebron 16 http://www.lebron16.us
Répondre moncler
à 22:34 le 20 octobre 2020 
My husband and i were quite joyous Jordan managed to do his homework because of the precious recommendations he made from your own blog. It is now and again perplexing to just always be giving freely instructions which usually some other people have been selling. And we understand we've got the website owner to thank for this. The most important explanations you've made, the simple blog navigation, the friendships you make it possible to promote - it's got all sensational, and it's really letting our son in addition to us reason why that matter is thrilling, and that is rather vital. Many thanks for the whole lot!
moncler http://www.monclerjackets.us.org
Répondre supreme new york
à 22:34 le 20 octobre 2020 
I am just commenting to let you be aware of of the awesome discovery my friend's girl obtained visiting your web site. She learned numerous things, most notably what it's like to possess an incredible giving style to have a number of people easily learn about several very confusing matters. You undoubtedly exceeded visitors' expected results. I appreciate you for supplying such priceless, trusted, revealing not to mention fun thoughts on this topic to Julie.
supreme new york http://www.supreme-newyork.us.com
Répondre hermes belt
à 22:34 le 20 octobre 2020 
I'm just writing to make you know what a excellent experience our daughter went through going through your web page. She came to understand so many issues, which include what it is like to have a very effective coaching spirit to get certain people without problems grasp specific advanced issues. You truly did more than visitors' expected results. Thanks for delivering the necessary, dependable, edifying and even unique guidance on your topic to Tanya.
hermes belt http://www.hermesbelts.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 22:34 le 20 octobre 2020 
I wish to show some thanks to this writer for bailing me out of this type of circumstance. Just after surfing around throughout the world wide web and obtaining solutions that were not helpful, I thought my entire life was done. Being alive devoid of the answers to the issues you have resolved through your good article is a crucial case, as well as the kind that would have adversely affected my career if I had not noticed your site. Your knowledge and kindness in touching all the stuff was helpful. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come upon such a thing like this. I can now look forward to my future. Thanks very much for this impressive and amazing guide. I won't hesitate to propose your blog to any person who would need recommendations about this subject.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengoosesonline.com
Répondre kd shoes
à 22:34 le 20 octobre 2020 
I am just commenting to make you understand what a useful experience my friend's girl went through studying your site. She mastered plenty of things, most notably what it is like to possess a wonderful giving heart to make others without difficulty learn about some problematic matters. You actually did more than her desires. Thanks for giving those necessary, trustworthy, revealing not to mention fun tips on this topic to Evelyn.
kd shoes http://www.kd-shoes.us
Répondre off white clothing
à 22:34 le 20 octobre 2020 
I want to express thanks to the writer just for bailing me out of this particular dilemma. Right after researching through the online world and coming across tricks that were not productive, I believed my entire life was well over. Being alive minus the solutions to the issues you have fixed by means of your post is a serious case, as well as the kind that might have adversely affected my career if I hadn't come across the website. That natural talent and kindness in taking care of every part was very useful. I'm not sure what I would have done if I had not encountered such a subject like this. I can at this time relish my future. Thanks very much for the professional and result oriented guide. I will not think twice to propose your web site to anybody who should have care about this area.
off white clothing http://www.offwhiteclothing.us.com
Répondre kd 12
à 22:34 le 20 octobre 2020 
I must express some appreciation to this writer just for bailing me out of this circumstance. Because of exploring through the world wide web and seeing notions which are not helpful, I was thinking my entire life was over. Being alive devoid of the approaches to the difficulties you've solved by way of the short post is a critical case, and the ones that could have negatively damaged my entire career if I hadn't noticed your site. The skills and kindness in touching all the pieces was crucial. I am not sure what I would've done if I hadn't come upon such a step like this. I'm able to at this point relish my future. Thanks very much for this expert and result oriented help. I will not hesitate to suggest your web site to any individual who should get guidelines about this area.
kd 12 http://www.kd12.us.com
Répondre kd 10
à 22:34 le 20 octobre 2020 
I as well as my buddies have already been going through the best secrets and techniques found on your site while immediately got a terrible suspicion I had not expressed respect to you for those tips. The ladies are actually absolutely glad to see all of them and have now absolutely been having fun with these things. Thank you for actually being simply considerate and also for opting for variety of exceptional subject matter most people are really wanting to discover. My personal sincere apologies for not expressing appreciation to you sooner.
kd 10 http://www.kd10.us
Répondre off white x jordan 1
à 22:49 le 20 octobre 2020 
I as well as my friends have already been analyzing the best information and facts on the blog and so before long came up with a horrible suspicion I never thanked the site owner for them. All of the women ended up so joyful to read through them and have in effect actually been enjoying these things. Thanks for actually being well considerate as well as for making a choice on this sort of decent resources millions of individuals are really needing to know about. My honest apologies for not expressing gratitude to sooner.
off white x jordan 1 http://www.offwhitexjordan1.com
Répondre goyard
à 22:50 le 20 octobre 2020 
My spouse and i ended up being very satisfied Raymond managed to complete his survey with the precious recommendations he obtained through the weblog. It is now and again perplexing to just be releasing solutions which many others might have been making money from. And we all see we now have you to be grateful to for this. The type of illustrations you've made, the straightforward blog menu, the friendships you will make it easier to engender - it is all powerful, and it's letting our son in addition to the family know that this concept is amusing, which is exceedingly mandatory. Many thanks for all the pieces!
goyard http://www.goyardus.com
Répondre longchamp outlet
à 23:03 le 20 octobre 2020 
I want to get across my admiration for your kind-heartedness for men and women who should have help on this important idea. Your real dedication to passing the message all through appeared to be extraordinarily functional and have in every case encouraged girls like me to achieve their pursuits. Your new insightful information signifies a whole lot a person like me and a whole lot more to my fellow workers. Thank you; from all of us.
longchamp outlet http://www.long-champ.us.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 23:28 le 20 octobre 2020 
I have to express appreciation to the writer for rescuing me from this setting. Right after browsing throughout the world wide web and coming across opinions that were not pleasant, I was thinking my life was well over. Existing minus the answers to the difficulties you have resolved all through this short article is a serious case, and those which may have in a negative way affected my career if I hadn't discovered your blog. The expertise and kindness in taking care of all areas was very useful. I don't know what I would have done if I hadn't come across such a point like this. I can at this time relish my future. Thank you so much for your professional and sensible guide. I will not think twice to recommend the website to anyone who wants and needs care on this problem.
jordan shoes http://www.shoesjordan.us.com
Répondre lebron james shoes
à 23:50 le 20 octobre 2020 
My spouse and i ended up being now peaceful Peter managed to complete his preliminary research from your ideas he received from your very own web pages. It's not at all simplistic to simply be giving for free procedures that most people might have been making money from. And we also grasp we have got the website owner to appreciate for this. Those illustrations you made, the simple site navigation, the relationships you can make it easier to instill - it's many fantastic, and it's really leading our son and our family imagine that this subject is amusing, and that is quite fundamental. Thank you for all the pieces!
lebron james shoes http://www.lebronjames.us.com
Répondre michael jordan shoes
à 23:55 le 20 octobre 2020 
I wanted to draft you that tiny observation in order to thank you the moment again for your personal splendid views you have shown at this time. It is really incredibly generous of people like you to allow easily precisely what most people might have supplied as an e book in making some bucks for themselves, even more so considering the fact that you might well have tried it if you desired. These strategies likewise acted like a good way to be certain that someone else have the same passion the same as mine to find out somewhat more with regards to this problem. I am certain there are lots of more fun situations in the future for folks who check out your website.
michael jordan shoes http://www.michaeljordanshoes.us.com
Répondre yeezy 700
à 1:50 le 21 octobre 2020 
I am only writing to let you know of the extraordinary discovery my girl enjoyed using yuor web blog. She even learned several things, including how it is like to possess a marvelous giving heart to have certain people quite simply have an understanding of a number of advanced matters. You truly exceeded people's expected results. Thank you for delivering these insightful, healthy, informative and in addition easy guidance on this topic to Evelyn.
yeezy 700 http://www.yeezys700.com
Répondre golden goose
à 1:56 le 21 octobre 2020 
I precisely had to appreciate you yet again. I do not know what I could possibly have worked on without the entire thoughts revealed by you about this area of interest. Entirely was a very traumatic issue in my view, but finding out the specialized form you managed it forced me to jump for joy. I'm just happier for this information and thus trust you find out what a powerful job you were accomplishing training many others via your websites. I know that you haven't met all of us.
golden goose http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.com
Répondre a bathing ape
à 2:02 le 21 octobre 2020 
I needed to compose you a bit of note to help say thank you once again for these precious methods you've documented on this page. It was so surprisingly generous with people like you to offer unhampered what exactly most of us might have offered as an electronic book to earn some money for their own end, particularly now that you could have tried it if you decided. Those solutions also served to become easy way to fully grasp that other people online have a similar desire just like my personal own to find out good deal more when it comes to this condition. I believe there are many more pleasant periods in the future for those who read your website.
a bathing ape http://www.bape-clothing.us
0