Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32942 commentaires

Répondre supreme shirt
à 15:16 le 20 octobre 2020 
My husband and i have been fulfilled that Ervin managed to round up his homework with the precious recommendations he obtained from your very own web site. It's not at all simplistic just to be making a gift of solutions which many people might have been making money from. And we also see we have the website owner to give thanks to for this. Those illustrations you've made, the simple web site menu, the relationships you help to foster - it's got most terrific, and it is letting our son and the family reason why that content is excellent, which is incredibly essential. Thank you for everything!
supreme shirt http://www.supremeshirt.us.com
Répondre supreme
à 15:20 le 20 octobre 2020 
Thanks for your own work on this website. My aunt really likes getting into research and it's easy to see why. We hear all concerning the lively ways you create both interesting and useful suggestions by means of your web site and recommend response from other people on the subject matter plus our favorite daughter is always becoming educated so much. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the year. You are performing a good job.
supreme http://www.supremeclothings.com
Répondre bape clothing
à 15:46 le 20 octobre 2020 
I have to show my love for your kind-heartedness for persons who require help with this one matter. Your real dedication to getting the message throughout has been incredibly invaluable and has in every case enabled some individuals like me to get to their endeavors. Your own warm and helpful hints and tips means much to me and even further to my colleagues. Warm regards; from everyone of us.
bape clothing http://www.bapeclothing.us.com
Répondre jordan 4
à 15:46 le 20 octobre 2020 
My spouse and i have been quite fortunate when Raymond managed to do his basic research out of the precious recommendations he made through your blog. It is now and again perplexing to just happen to be handing out information that many other folks could have been trying to sell. And we also know we now have the writer to be grateful to because of that. These illustrations you've made, the simple web site menu, the relationships you make it easier to instill - it's got many impressive, and it is assisting our son and us consider that that theme is interesting, and that is highly important. Many thanks for the whole lot!
jordan 4 http://www.jordan4.us.com
Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 15:47 le 20 octobre 2020 
I in addition to my guys ended up reading the great guidelines from your web page then all of the sudden came up with an awful suspicion I had not thanked the blog owner for them. My people had been joyful to read through all of them and have now quite simply been making the most of those things. Many thanks for truly being quite helpful and also for finding this kind of superior themes most people are really desperate to know about. Our honest regret for not expressing appreciation to you earlier.
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrieirving-shoes.us.com
Répondre nike react
à 15:53 le 20 octobre 2020 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with an extremely remarkable opportunity to read in detail from this blog. It is often very kind plus packed with a lot of fun for me and my office friends to search your web site nearly thrice a week to read through the latest items you have got. And lastly, I'm usually satisfied with your splendid secrets you give. Selected 2 tips on this page are unequivocally the finest we have ever had.
nike react http://www.nikereact.org
Répondre off white jordan 1
à 16:07 le 20 octobre 2020 
A lot of thanks for all of the efforts on this web site. My niece really likes doing investigations and it is easy to understand why. We all know all of the powerful method you provide advantageous tips and tricks on this blog and even recommend contribution from some other people on that idea while my girl is undoubtedly starting to learn a lot. Enjoy the rest of the year. You are carrying out a tremendous job.
off white jordan 1 http://www.offwhitexjordan1.com
Répondre a bathing ape
à 16:09 le 20 octobre 2020 
I enjoy you because of your entire work on this website. My aunt delights in making time for internet research and it is easy to understand why. Many of us learn all regarding the lively form you make very useful thoughts by means of the web site and therefore strongly encourage contribution from some others about this concept then my child has been being taught a whole lot. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the year. You are always doing a brilliant job.
a bathing ape http://www.bapehoodie.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 16:11 le 20 octobre 2020 
I as well as my guys ended up analyzing the best tricks located on the blog and before long I got a horrible feeling I never expressed respect to the web blog owner for those strategies. Those young boys were definitely totally very interested to read all of them and now have actually been making the most of those things. We appreciate you genuinely simply helpful and then for utilizing varieties of marvelous guides millions of individuals are really needing to know about. My very own honest apologies for not expressing appreciation to you sooner.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeoutlet.us.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 16:16 le 20 octobre 2020 
I happen to be commenting to let you be aware of what a fabulous encounter my wife's child found visiting your web site. She discovered too many pieces, which included how it is like to have a wonderful giving spirit to let other people smoothly have an understanding of chosen complex matters. You undoubtedly surpassed our own desires. Thank you for coming up with the practical, safe, informative as well as cool tips about the topic to Kate.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengoosesonline.com
Répondre supreme shirts
à 16:17 le 20 octobre 2020 
I actually wanted to make a simple word in order to thank you for some of the awesome ideas you are showing at this website. My rather long internet look up has now been rewarded with pleasant strategies to write about with my friends. I would declare that we website visitors actually are very fortunate to live in a fine site with so many awesome people with useful concepts. I feel quite fortunate to have encountered your web page and look forward to plenty of more cool minutes reading here. Thanks once more for all the details.
supreme shirts http://www.supremeclothing.us.org
Répondre curry 7 shoes
à 16:55 le 20 octobre 2020 
I and my guys were going through the excellent thoughts from your web blog then instantly I got an awful suspicion I never expressed respect to you for those strategies. These people ended up so stimulated to see them and have honestly been enjoying those things. We appreciate you really being very kind and also for figuring out this form of good themes millions of individuals are really eager to be informed on. My personal honest regret for not saying thanks to you sooner.
curry 7 shoes http://www.curry7.us
Répondre kobe 9
à 16:57 le 20 octobre 2020 
Thank you so much for giving everyone such a remarkable possiblity to discover important secrets from this web site. It's always so pleasant and also jam-packed with a good time for me and my office peers to visit the blog really 3 times a week to learn the newest secrets you will have. And lastly, I'm also at all times fulfilled considering the exceptional tips you give. Some 1 ideas in this post are particularly the very best we've ever had.
kobe 9 http://www.kobebasketballshoes.net
Répondre golden goose
à 16:57 le 20 octobre 2020 
My spouse and i felt now satisfied Ervin could carry out his web research through the entire precious recommendations he acquired from your very own site. It is now and again perplexing to simply be giving freely tips and tricks which usually people have been making money from. We fully understand we've got the writer to thank for that. The main explanations you made, the simple website menu, the friendships your site help instill - it's all unbelievable, and it is helping our son in addition to us do think this theme is entertaining, which is rather essential. Thanks for all the pieces!
golden goose http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.org
Répondre yeezy 700
à 17:15 le 20 octobre 2020 
I simply wanted to appreciate you all over again. I am not sure the things I would have created without these thoughts shared by you on this topic. Completely was a real alarming case in my view, but observing the very professional avenue you managed the issue forced me to weep over fulfillment. I'm happy for your advice and as well , hope that you are aware of a powerful job you are always carrying out educating some other people through the use of your web blog. Probably you haven't got to know any of us.
yeezy 700 http://www.yeezys700.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350
à 17:15 le 20 octobre 2020 
I'm commenting to let you be aware of of the cool discovery my cousin's daughter gained using your web site. She even learned numerous details, which included how it is like to possess an incredible helping spirit to have many others really easily thoroughly grasp various multifaceted things. You actually did more than our own expected results. I appreciate you for producing these beneficial, trusted, informative and in addition cool tips about that topic to Emily.
yeezy boost 350 http://www.yeezyboost-350v2.us.com
Répondre johnshiltbuilders.com
à 17:17 le 20 octobre 2020 
Répondre moncler outlet
à 17:43 le 20 octobre 2020 
I needed to draft you one very small note to finally say thank you as before over the exceptional methods you have shown above. It is simply seriously open-handed with you to provide openly just what many individuals would've supplied as an ebook to generate some money on their own, notably since you could have tried it in the event you decided. Those secrets as well worked as the good way to fully grasp many people have the same desire really like my own to figure out more when it comes to this matter. I'm certain there are lots of more fun moments ahead for folks who view your blog post.
moncler outlet http://www.monclersoutlet.us.com
Répondre yeezy 350
à 17:44 le 20 octobre 2020 
I truly wanted to type a brief message so as to thank you for those amazing steps you are placing on this site. My considerable internet lookup has at the end of the day been recognized with brilliant strategies to go over with my visitors. I would claim that many of us visitors actually are quite fortunate to live in a decent site with so many special people with very beneficial tips and hints. I feel rather fortunate to have encountered your entire webpages and look forward to plenty of more pleasurable moments reading here. Thanks again for all the details.
yeezy 350 http://www.yeezy-350.us.com
Répondre lebron shoes
à 17:51 le 20 octobre 2020 
I must show thanks to the writer just for rescuing me from this crisis. After searching throughout the the net and finding recommendations that were not helpful, I thought my life was well over. Living devoid of the approaches to the issues you've fixed by way of this blog post is a critical case, and the ones that could have in a negative way affected my career if I hadn't encountered your site. That competence and kindness in maneuvering all the things was important. I don't know what I would've done if I had not discovered such a thing like this. I am able to at this point relish my future. Thanks so much for the skilled and result oriented guide. I will not think twice to refer the sites to anyone who would need care on this topic.
lebron shoes http://www.lebronjames-shoes.us.com
0