Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32939 commentaires

Répondre off white
à 23:33 le 1 septembre 2020 
My spouse and i felt very glad that Michael managed to round up his web research through your precious recommendations he received through the web page. It's not at all simplistic just to choose to be giving away tactics which usually many people might have been making money from. We really already know we need you to thank because of that. All of the illustrations you've made, the simple site navigation, the relationships you will help create - it is many amazing, and it's helping our son and us do think the matter is exciting, which is certainly extremely indispensable. Thank you for all the pieces!
off white http://www.offwhite.us.com
Répondre chrome hearts outlet
à 5:40 le 2 septembre 2020 
I intended to write you a little bit of note to be able to give thanks the moment again for these wonderful secrets you've provided above. It has been certainly extremely generous with you to give easily precisely what a number of us might have marketed as an e book to generate some money for their own end, mostly seeing that you might well have tried it in case you considered necessary. Those good ideas as well served to be the easy way to recognize that other individuals have a similar dreams like my own to grasp many more in regard to this problem. I believe there are thousands of more enjoyable sessions in the future for many who take a look at your site.
chrome hearts outlet http://www.chromehearts.com.co
Répondre bape hoodie
à 13:38 le 2 septembre 2020 
Thank you for all of your efforts on this web page. Gloria enjoys managing investigation and it's easy to understand why. Most of us learn all of the dynamic medium you produce good information via the web site and in addition attract contribution from other people about this concern plus our girl is learning a lot of things. Have fun with the rest of the year. You're the one doing a fabulous job.
bape hoodie http://www.bapehoodie.us
Répondre steph curry shoes
à 14:13 le 2 septembre 2020 
Thank you for all of the effort on this blog. Ellie really loves managing internet research and it's easy to see why. We all notice all about the lively tactic you convey both interesting and useful guidance via this web site and even increase participation from visitors on the article and our own princess is now learning a whole lot. Enjoy the rest of the year. You have been conducting a glorious job.
steph curry shoes http://www.stephcurry.us
Répondre hermes bag
à 14:46 le 2 septembre 2020 
Thanks for your own efforts on this web site. My mum takes pleasure in doing investigation and it is easy to understand why. We all know all relating to the compelling ways you offer insightful information via this blog and therefore welcome participation from other ones on that content then my princess is now starting to learn a lot of things. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the new year. You're the one conducting a glorious job.
hermes bag http://www.hermes-handbags.us.com
Répondre adidas yeezy
à 17:06 le 2 septembre 2020 
Thank you for all of your effort on this web page. Kate take interest in going through investigation and it's really simple to grasp why. Most people notice all of the lively form you offer worthwhile ideas on this website and as well welcome response from people on that area of interest so our princess is always discovering a great deal. Enjoy the rest of the new year. You're the one conducting a powerful job.
adidas yeezy http://www.yeezy-shoes.us.org
Répondre off white jordan 1
à 18:18 le 2 septembre 2020 
I precisely needed to thank you so much all over again. I do not know the things that I would've tried in the absence of those tips and hints provided by you about such problem. It absolutely was an absolute hard problem in my circumstances, but considering the specialised manner you managed the issue forced me to cry with fulfillment. Now i am grateful for the service and as well , have high hopes you comprehend what a great job you are always undertaking educating the others using your blog post. I am certain you've never encountered any of us.
off white jordan 1 http://www.offwhiteshoes.us.com
Répondre hermes handbags
à 18:35 le 2 septembre 2020 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with an extraordinarily brilliant possiblity to read in detail from this blog. It can be very enjoyable and also jam-packed with a great time for me personally and my office colleagues to visit your web site at least three times weekly to read the new stuff you have. And definitely, I'm also at all times fulfilled concerning the perfect creative ideas you serve. Certain 1 ideas in this post are particularly the most beneficial I have had.
hermes handbags http://www.hermes-handbags.us.org
Répondre calvin klein outlet
à 18:42 le 2 septembre 2020 
I precisely needed to appreciate you again. I am not sure the things that I would have carried out without the type of techniques discussed by you relating to that area of interest. It actually was the frustrating scenario in my circumstances, however , discovering this expert fashion you handled it forced me to leap for fulfillment. I'm just happy for this advice and then pray you are aware of an amazing job your are undertaking instructing other individuals by way of a site. Most probably you haven't met any of us.
calvin klein outlet http://www.calvinkleinoutlet.us.com
Répondre michael jordan shoes
à 20:56 le 2 septembre 2020 
Needed to put you a very little word to finally say thanks a lot the moment again on your exceptional thoughts you've shared in this article. It has been simply extremely open-handed of people like you giving easily precisely what many individuals might have marketed for an electronic book in order to make some dough for themselves, mostly considering that you could have done it in case you desired. These good ideas as well worked to be the easy way to be sure that the rest have the identical interest really like mine to grasp great deal more pertaining to this problem. I think there are several more enjoyable occasions up front for individuals who check out your blog post.
michael jordan shoes http://www.michaeljordanshoes.us.com
Répondre goyard
à 21:16 le 2 septembre 2020 
I in addition to my buddies have been reading the great helpful tips from your web blog and then at once came up with a horrible suspicion I had not expressed respect to you for those techniques. All of the young boys were absolutely glad to read through all of them and already have clearly been making the most of these things. We appreciate you simply being really helpful and then for obtaining this sort of important topics most people are really needing to be informed on. My honest regret for not expressing gratitude to earlier.
goyard http://www.goyardus.com
Répondre kyrie 6 shoes
à 23:26 le 2 septembre 2020 
I intended to compose you this tiny word to thank you very much once again with the magnificent basics you've shown in this article. It was quite extremely generous of you to present without restraint just what many of us could possibly have offered for sale for an electronic book to help make some bucks on their own, especially given that you could have done it in the event you desired. The creative ideas also served to be the easy way to understand that other people have similar dream just as my personal own to realize a little more regarding this issue. I think there are a lot more enjoyable situations up front for individuals that examine your website.
kyrie 6 shoes http://www.kyrie-6.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 23:31 le 2 septembre 2020 
My husband and i have been so excited Ervin managed to finish off his preliminary research by way of the ideas he acquired out of the site. It's not at all simplistic to simply find yourself freely giving information and facts that people have been making money from. We understand we've got the writer to thank for that. Those explanations you've made, the straightforward blog menu, the friendships you will give support to instill - it's most wonderful, and it is facilitating our son in addition to our family reckon that the idea is cool, and that's exceptionally essential. Many thanks for all!
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezysus.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 3:19 le 3 septembre 2020 
My husband and i have been so happy that Edward managed to complete his research using the ideas he grabbed out of the web site. It is now and again perplexing just to always be giving away tips and tricks which usually the rest might have been making money from. And we also acknowledge we've got you to thank for that. Most of the explanations you made, the easy blog navigation, the relationships you will aid to create - it's many sensational, and it is making our son and our family reason why that subject is excellent, and that's rather vital. Thanks for all!
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezyboost350v2s.us
Répondre supreme t shirt
à 4:41 le 3 septembre 2020 
I together with my friends were going through the excellent ideas from your web site then then I had a horrible suspicion I never thanked the web site owner for those strategies. Those ladies appeared to be consequently joyful to see all of them and already have quite simply been tapping into them. Appreciation for really being well considerate and also for getting such outstanding things millions of individuals are really needing to understand about. Our own sincere apologies for not expressing appreciation to you sooner.
supreme t shirt http://www.supremeoutlet.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 5:24 le 3 septembre 2020 
You need to take part in a contest for among the best blogs on the web. I'll advocate this web site!
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezyboost350v2s.us
Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 6:18 le 3 septembre 2020 
An fascinating discussion is value comment. I think that you need to write extra on this subject, it might not be a taboo subject however typically individuals are not sufficient to speak on such topics. To the next. Cheers
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrie6.org
Répondre supreme clothing
à 6:27 le 3 septembre 2020 
After study a few of the weblog posts in your website now, and I really like your manner of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website checklist and can be checking back soon. Pls take a look at my website online as nicely and let me know what you think.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothing.us.org
Répondre offwhite
à 6:48 le 3 septembre 2020 
you have an ideal blog right here! would you wish to make some invite posts on my blog?
offwhite http://www.offwhite.us.com
Répondre bape clothing
à 7:46 le 3 septembre 2020 
This is the correct weblog for anyone who wants to find out about this topic. You realize so much its almost arduous to argue with you (not that I truly would need?HaHa). You definitely put a new spin on a topic thats been written about for years. Great stuff, just nice!
bape clothing http://www.bape-hoodie.us.com
0