Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32939 commentaires

Répondre lebron 17
à 20:30 le 27 août 2020 
I enjoy you because of your own effort on this web site. My mom delights in conducting internet research and it's really easy to see why. Almost all notice all relating to the dynamic tactic you give invaluable steps via the web blog and therefore strongly encourage response from visitors on this area while our princess is without a doubt studying a lot of things. Have fun with the remaining portion of the year. You're doing a fabulous job.
lebron 17 http://www.lebron17.us
Répondre chrome hearts
à 2:35 le 28 août 2020 
I and my pals have been reading through the best tactics from the website and so suddenly developed a terrible suspicion I had not expressed respect to the web site owner for those tips. The ladies appeared to be totally passionate to see them and now have quite simply been having fun with them. Appreciation for genuinely indeed kind and also for having varieties of exceptional things most people are really wanting to know about. My personal honest regret for not expressing appreciation to you sooner.
chrome hearts http://www.chromehearts.com.co
Répondre hermes online
à 3:29 le 28 août 2020 
I just wanted to make a comment to be able to say thanks to you for these marvelous solutions you are placing at this site. My time-consuming internet lookup has at the end of the day been recognized with brilliant ideas to go over with my contacts. I would express that many of us readers actually are definitely fortunate to live in a very good website with many special professionals with beneficial tactics. I feel very much grateful to have used your site and look forward to some more cool moments reading here. Thanks a lot again for all the details.
hermes online http://www.hermesonlineshop.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 6:44 le 28 août 2020 
Thank you for all of the hard work on this website. Debby delights in setting aside time for investigation and it's easy to see why. My spouse and i know all regarding the dynamic manner you offer both interesting and useful steps on your web blog and even improve participation from other ones on this area so our daughter is without question understanding a lot. Have fun with the rest of the new year. You are always performing a very good job.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezyshoes.in.net
Répondre bape clothing
à 6:49 le 28 août 2020 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with such a terrific opportunity to read critical reviews from this blog. It's usually so pleasurable and also full of a great time for me and my office peers to search your web site more than three times weekly to read through the fresh items you have got. And lastly, I am just actually pleased for the awesome secrets you serve. Certain 2 points in this post are in truth the most efficient we have all ever had.
bape clothing http://www.bape-clothing.us
Répondre golden goose
à 13:28 le 28 août 2020 
I definitely wanted to make a brief note to express gratitude to you for some of the marvelous tricks you are writing at this site. My rather long internet lookup has finally been compensated with incredibly good know-how to write about with my best friends. I would state that that most of us visitors actually are really fortunate to be in a very good community with very many lovely individuals with beneficial basics. I feel pretty happy to have come across your entire webpages and look forward to so many more enjoyable minutes reading here. Thanks again for a lot of things.
golden goose http://www.goldengoosesneakersstore.com
Répondre kyrie 4
à 14:24 le 28 août 2020 
I wish to express my thanks to the writer just for bailing me out of this matter. Because of looking through the world-wide-web and meeting ways that were not powerful, I was thinking my life was gone. Being alive minus the answers to the difficulties you've sorted out all through this guide is a critical case, as well as ones that could have in a negative way affected my entire career if I hadn't noticed your website. Your primary know-how and kindness in taking care of the whole thing was helpful. I don't know what I would have done if I had not come across such a thing like this. I can also at this point look ahead to my future. Thanks a lot very much for the professional and sensible guide. I won't be reluctant to refer your web page to anybody who ought to have guide on this subject matter.
kyrie 4 http://www.kyrie4.org
Répondre jordan 4
à 17:14 le 28 août 2020 
Needed to put you a bit of word to finally thank you yet again relating to the pretty basics you've shared in this article. This has been extremely generous of people like you to offer extensively what a number of people could possibly have advertised as an e book to generate some money on their own, principally now that you could possibly have done it in the event you desired. The guidelines as well worked like a great way to be certain that other individuals have a similar interest the same as mine to know the truth good deal more when it comes to this problem. I'm sure there are lots of more pleasant opportunities ahead for individuals that read your blog post.
jordan 4 http://www.jordan4.us.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 18:12 le 28 août 2020 
I have to voice my love for your generosity giving support to folks who really need guidance on this niche. Your real commitment to passing the message along has been especially effective and have frequently permitted guys just like me to reach their objectives. This helpful report means this much to me and further more to my office colleagues. Warm regards; from everyone of us.
jordan shoes http://www.air-jordanshoes.us.org
Répondre kawhi leonard shoes
à 18:40 le 28 août 2020 
I have to show my thanks to this writer just for rescuing me from such a trouble. As a result of surfing around throughout the online world and meeting suggestions that were not helpful, I was thinking my entire life was gone. Living minus the solutions to the difficulties you have solved by means of your good short post is a crucial case, as well as the kind which might have adversely affected my career if I had not discovered the website. Your personal natural talent and kindness in touching a lot of things was useful. I don't know what I would have done if I had not discovered such a solution like this. I can also at this time look forward to my future. Thanks a lot so much for your professional and result oriented help. I won't hesitate to propose the sites to anyone who needs assistance on this problem.
kawhi leonard shoes http://www.kawhileonardshoes.us
Répondre supreme new york
à 19:14 le 28 août 2020 
Needed to send you a tiny remark just to say thanks a lot the moment again on the pleasant tips you've featured in this article. It was quite unbelievably open-handed of you to present publicly precisely what a few people would have offered as an ebook to get some dough for their own end, and in particular now that you could possibly have done it if you wanted. These tips likewise served as the easy way to understand that someone else have the identical fervor just as my very own to figure out very much more with regards to this matter. I am sure there are many more fun sessions ahead for individuals that take a look at your blog post.
supreme new york http://www.supremenewyork.us.com
Répondre yeezy supply
à 19:52 le 28 août 2020 
My wife and i felt now joyous Chris could do his investigation through your ideas he grabbed through your web site. It is now and again perplexing to simply be making a gift of strategies that men and women might have been selling. And we also take into account we have got the writer to give thanks to for this. The most important illustrations you made, the straightforward website navigation, the relationships you will make it easier to promote - it's got many spectacular, and it's leading our son and our family believe that the matter is cool, and that's highly fundamental. Many thanks for the whole thing!
yeezy supply http://www.adidasyeezysupply.com
Répondre kd13
à 20:04 le 28 août 2020 
I have to express my affection for your kindness supporting folks that have the need for help with your matter. Your personal dedication to getting the message throughout appears to be especially useful and has usually enabled many people just like me to achieve their targets. The invaluable guide signifies much a person like me and still more to my colleagues. Warm regards; from all of us.
kd13 http://www.kd13shoes.us
Répondre kevin durant shoes
à 23:44 le 28 août 2020 
I intended to write you this very small note to be able to thank you very much the moment again over the pretty secrets you have shared here. This is particularly open-handed of you to give without restraint what most of us would have marketed as an e-book to generate some dough for their own end, particularly since you could possibly have tried it in the event you decided. Those inspiring ideas also worked like a fantastic way to fully grasp that the rest have the identical desire similar to mine to know whole lot more with reference to this condition. I am sure there are a lot more fun occasions up front for individuals who looked over your blog.
kevin durant shoes http://www.kevindurant-shoes.us.com
Répondre retro jordans
à 0:37 le 29 août 2020 
I and my guys have already been viewing the good suggestions on your web site then suddenly I got a horrible feeling I never thanked you for them. All the young men had been for that reason thrilled to read them and have in effect very much been loving these things. We appreciate you indeed being considerably thoughtful and also for opting for variety of fine resources most people are really desirous to learn about. Our sincere apologies for not expressing appreciation to sooner.
retro jordans http://www.jordan-retro.us.com
Répondre chrome hearts online
à 4:44 le 29 août 2020 
I happen to be commenting to let you be aware of of the fabulous discovery our girl found using your site. She even learned lots of issues, including how it is like to possess an excellent teaching nature to let certain people with ease know certain hard to do things. You really surpassed readers' expectations. I appreciate you for presenting such effective, trustworthy, edifying and in addition easy tips about that topic to Mary.
chrome hearts online http://www.chromehearts.com.co
Répondre westbrook shoes
à 14:34 le 29 août 2020 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with an extraordinarily nice chance to read articles and blog posts from this site. It is often so pleasant and packed with a great time for me and my office colleagues to visit the blog particularly thrice weekly to find out the new secrets you will have. And of course, we're always pleased concerning the mind-boggling ideas you give. Certain 4 points in this post are without a doubt the best I've had.
westbrook shoes http://www.russellwestbrookshoes.us
Répondre moncler
à 16:42 le 29 août 2020 
I'm just commenting to make you understand what a awesome discovery my cousin's girl encountered viewing your site. She learned such a lot of details, which included what it's like to have an excellent giving style to have many people very easily know just exactly certain complicated subject matter. You really surpassed visitors' expectations. Many thanks for providing those powerful, dependable, informative and also cool guidance on this topic to Lizeth.
moncler http://www.monclercoat.us.com
Répondre yeezy supply
à 17:07 le 29 août 2020 
I wish to express some appreciation to the writer just for rescuing me from this type of predicament. After looking through the world wide web and seeing principles that were not powerful, I assumed my life was well over. Existing devoid of the answers to the problems you've fixed by way of the article content is a crucial case, and the ones which may have negatively affected my career if I had not discovered your site. Your natural talent and kindness in playing with a lot of stuff was useful. I'm not sure what I would've done if I hadn't encountered such a step like this. I can also at this time relish my future. Thank you very much for your expert and amazing guide. I won't hesitate to endorse the blog to anyone who should receive recommendations on this subject matter.
yeezy supply http://www.adidasyeezysupply.com
Répondre longchamp handbags
à 17:39 le 29 août 2020 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with a very terrific opportunity to read articles and blog posts from here. It is usually very brilliant plus stuffed with a lot of fun for me and my office fellow workers to visit your blog minimum three times in one week to see the latest things you will have. And definitely, I'm so usually motivated with the mind-boggling suggestions served by you. Certain two areas in this post are basically the most suitable I have ever had.
longchamp handbags http://www.longchampshandbags.us
0