Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32911 commentaires

Répondre jordan 1 mid
à 13:33 le 22 juin 2021 
I wanted to develop a brief note so as to thank you for all the stunning instructions you are giving on this website. My particularly long internet research has at the end been rewarded with brilliant content to go over with my visitors. I 'd assert that most of us visitors actually are definitely fortunate to live in a magnificent site with so many wonderful individuals with very helpful basics. I feel quite grateful to have seen the website and look forward to so many more excellent moments reading here. Thank you once more for a lot of things.
jordan 1 mid http://www.jordan1shoes.us
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 13:33 le 22 juin 2021 
I enjoy you because of your entire labor on this web page. My aunt enjoys managing investigation and it's simple to grasp why. My partner and i know all relating to the powerful tactic you make insightful things on this website and as well as cause participation from others on the concept and my child is without question becoming educated so much. Take pleasure in the rest of the new year. You're performing a tremendous job.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.com
Répondre hermes
à 13:34 le 22 juin 2021 
I precisely needed to appreciate you all over again. I do not know what I would have followed in the absence of those advice shown by you concerning that area. It has been a real traumatic setting in my circumstances, nevertheless encountering the skilled style you resolved it forced me to leap for happiness. Now i'm thankful for your advice and as well , have high hopes you really know what an amazing job you are accomplishing teaching many people via your site. I'm certain you haven't encountered any of us.
hermes http://www.hermes-handbags.us.com
Répondre a bathing ape
à 13:34 le 22 juin 2021 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with an exceptionally nice possiblity to read articles and blog posts from this site. It's usually very enjoyable plus full of fun for me and my office co-workers to search your blog more than three times in 7 days to study the latest things you have. And of course, we are certainly pleased with all the sensational tricks you give. Certain two points in this posting are certainly the finest we've ever had.
a bathing ape http://www.bathing-ape.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 13:35 le 22 juin 2021 
I needed to post you the little bit of word in order to give many thanks the moment again on your precious principles you have featured at this time. It has been quite open-handed with you to provide unreservedly exactly what many of us could have sold for an ebook to generate some money for themselves, and in particular since you could possibly have tried it in case you desired. The tips as well acted to become fantastic way to recognize that other people online have similar fervor really like mine to figure out many more with respect to this problem. I know there are numerous more fun sessions up front for many who check out your site.
supreme clothing http://www.supremenewyork.us.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 13:35 le 22 juin 2021 
My wife and i were so peaceful that Edward managed to complete his web research through your ideas he came across through the weblog. It is now and again perplexing to simply be freely giving thoughts that many people have been trying to sell. Therefore we see we have got you to be grateful to for this. The specific illustrations you have made, the easy web site menu, the friendships you make it easier to engender - it is all incredible, and it's really making our son and us reason why this topic is amusing, and that's exceptionally fundamental. Thanks for everything!
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengoose-sneakers.us
Répondre yeezy 350
à 13:53 le 22 juin 2021 
I needed to post you that tiny word to help say thank you as before considering the great tips you have contributed on this page. It was quite shockingly generous of you to give unhampered all that most people would've advertised for an electronic book to make some dough for themselves, precisely considering the fact that you might have done it if you considered necessary. The good ideas additionally acted as a great way to know that most people have the same eagerness really like mine to know a great deal more when considering this problem. I believe there are a lot more pleasurable periods in the future for people who scan your blog post.
yeezy 350 http://www.yeezy350s.com
Répondre birkin bag
à 14:02 le 22 juin 2021 
I wanted to compose you a little bit of observation to be able to say thank you over again for all the awesome suggestions you've documented in this case. This has been quite wonderfully generous of people like you giving easily just what a few people could have distributed for an e-book to help with making some money for themselves, particularly given that you might have tried it if you decided. The ideas also worked as a great way to be certain that other people have similar interest much like my personal own to know the truth whole lot more pertaining to this matter. Certainly there are thousands of more pleasurable periods up front for those who see your blog.
birkin bag http://www.hermesbirkins.com
Répondre yeezys
à 14:21 le 22 juin 2021 
My wife and i have been very peaceful when Peter could do his research through the entire ideas he had from your own web site. It is now and again perplexing just to continually be giving for free ideas that the rest have been trying to sell. So we fully grasp we have got you to thank for that. Most of the illustrations you made, the straightforward blog menu, the relationships you make it possible to create - it is many wonderful, and it's helping our son in addition to us reckon that the theme is entertaining, which is certainly particularly essential. Many thanks for all the pieces!
yeezys http://www.yeezy-shoes.us.org
Répondre pg 1
à 14:40 le 22 juin 2021 
I wanted to make a brief message so as to express gratitude to you for some of the marvelous tips and tricks you are giving out at this site. My time consuming internet investigation has finally been recognized with incredibly good information to write about with my pals. I 'd express that most of us site visitors are undoubtedly lucky to be in a fantastic site with very many marvellous professionals with valuable suggestions. I feel pretty lucky to have encountered your web site and look forward to so many more excellent moments reading here. Thank you once again for all the details.
pg 1 http://www.paulgeorgeshoes.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 15:37 le 22 juin 2021 
I and also my guys were checking out the excellent procedures from the blog and then the sudden I had a horrible feeling I never thanked the web blog owner for those tips. Those people appeared to be consequently very interested to read through all of them and have now really been having fun with these things. I appreciate you for being simply helpful and then for going for varieties of important useful guides most people are really desirous to be informed on. My very own honest apologies for not saying thanks to you sooner.
golden goose http://www.goldengoosesonline.com
Répondre adidas yeezy
à 15:40 le 22 juin 2021 
I want to point out my passion for your generosity giving support to folks who absolutely need guidance on your content. Your very own commitment to passing the solution throughout had become really significant and have without exception enabled most people like me to achieve their objectives. Your entire interesting report denotes a whole lot a person like me and far more to my mates. Thanks a lot; from each one of us.
adidas yeezy http://www.yeezysadidas.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 15:40 le 22 juin 2021 
I have to get across my appreciation for your generosity giving support to folks that actually need help on your concern. Your very own commitment to passing the solution all through came to be exceedingly functional and has all the time encouraged people much like me to arrive at their objectives. This informative useful information can mean so much to me and substantially more to my mates. Thank you; from everyone of us.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothingsstore.com
Répondre air jordan 1
à 15:58 le 22 juin 2021 
I would like to show my thanks to the writer for bailing me out of this instance. Because of exploring through the world-wide-web and seeing ways which are not beneficial, I assumed my life was done. Being alive without the approaches to the difficulties you have resolved through this site is a crucial case, and the ones which might have in a wrong way affected my career if I had not encountered your blog. Your own knowledge and kindness in touching almost everything was very useful. I'm not sure what I would have done if I had not come upon such a point like this. It's possible to now look forward to my future. Thanks a lot very much for the reliable and result oriented help. I won't be reluctant to recommend your blog to anybody who will need care on this subject.
air jordan 1 http://www.jordan1shoes.us
Répondre yeezy
à 15:59 le 22 juin 2021 
I am just commenting to make you be aware of of the nice encounter my cousin's child found using the blog. She even learned a lot of issues, including what it is like to have an amazing helping heart to let many more quite simply have an understanding of various tortuous subject matter. You truly surpassed our own expected results. I appreciate you for rendering such necessary, trustworthy, explanatory and even fun tips about your topic to Emily.
yeezy http://www.yeezy-sneakers.us
Répondre bape
à 17:40 le 22 juin 2021 
My husband and i felt relieved Edward managed to conclude his studies out of the ideas he came across from your web site. It's not at all simplistic to simply happen to be handing out secrets and techniques that many people today may have been making money from. Therefore we take into account we have the writer to be grateful to because of that. These illustrations you've made, the straightforward blog navigation, the relationships you will aid to create - it's got mostly wonderful, and it's aiding our son in addition to us know that the matter is interesting, and that's tremendously fundamental. Thank you for everything!
bape http://www.bathing-ape.us
Répondre jordan shoes
à 18:00 le 22 juin 2021 
I in addition to my friends were found to be reviewing the good tactics found on your web blog and immediately developed a horrible feeling I never thanked the website owner for those techniques. All the guys came as a consequence warmed to read through them and have very much been making the most of these things. Appreciate your actually being indeed kind and for utilizing variety of remarkable topics most people are really desirous to understand about. My very own sincere regret for not saying thanks to earlier.
jordan shoes http://www.jordan13.us.com
Répondre giannis antetokounmpo shoes
à 18:01 le 22 juin 2021 
I in addition to my pals have already been studying the good tips located on your web blog then the sudden developed a horrible feeling I never expressed respect to the web site owner for those secrets. The ladies happened to be absolutely stimulated to learn all of them and have very much been enjoying those things. Thank you for truly being simply considerate and then for obtaining certain remarkable tips millions of individuals are really desirous to understand about. My sincere apologies for not expressing appreciation to you earlier.
giannis antetokounmpo shoes http://www.giannisantetokounmposhoes.us
Répondre birkin bag
à 18:03 le 22 juin 2021 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone an exceptionally nice possiblity to read articles and blog posts from this blog. It really is so terrific plus jam-packed with a lot of fun for me and my office colleagues to search your website minimum thrice in one week to find out the fresh issues you will have. And definitely, I'm also at all times impressed considering the good hints you give. Certain two areas in this post are truly the most effective we have all had.
birkin bag http://www.hermesbirkinbags.us.com
Répondre kd13
à 18:04 le 22 juin 2021 
Thank you so much for giving everyone an extraordinarily superb possiblity to read in detail from this blog. It's always very sweet and stuffed with amusement for me personally and my office mates to visit the blog at the very least thrice a week to find out the new tips you have got. And indeed, I am also actually contented for the impressive tactics served by you. Some 3 areas in this posting are clearly the very best I have had.
kd13 http://www.kd13shoes.us
0