Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32913 commentaires

Répondre kobe shoes
à 8:33 le 19 juin 2021 
Thank you so much for providing individuals with a very brilliant possiblity to read articles and blog posts from here. It is often so superb and jam-packed with amusement for me and my office peers to search the blog a minimum of three times per week to read through the newest issues you have got. And of course, I'm so always pleased considering the eye-popping principles served by you. Certain 2 areas in this posting are in truth the finest we've had.
kobe shoes http://www.kobesneakers.com
Répondre kobe 9
à 11:16 le 19 juin 2021 
I precisely wanted to thank you very much all over again. I am not sure what I could possibly have used in the absence of these tips shared by you relating to my subject matter. It was actually a very horrifying matter in my opinion, however , viewing a new skilled fashion you managed it forced me to weep for fulfillment. Now i'm thankful for the support and as well , hope you comprehend what a powerful job you have been doing instructing others via your web blog. I am sure you haven't got to know any of us.
kobe 9 http://www.kobebasketballshoes.net
Répondre curry shoes
à 11:16 le 19 juin 2021 
I am also commenting to let you know what a amazing experience my wife's princess encountered browsing your web page. She came to find plenty of things, which include what it's like to have an awesome giving heart to have the mediocre ones effortlessly grasp a number of tortuous subject matter. You undoubtedly did more than her desires. Many thanks for giving these interesting, trusted, explanatory and even cool tips on this topic to Ethel.
curry shoes http://www.curry8.us
Répondre hermes birkin
à 11:16 le 19 juin 2021 
I wish to express my affection for your kindness giving support to men and women that have the need for guidance on in this concern. Your real dedication to getting the solution throughout was certainly productive and have frequently enabled people much like me to attain their targets. Your personal informative help implies a lot a person like me and extremely more to my mates. With thanks; from each one of us.
hermes birkin http://www.hermesbirkins.com
Répondre curry 6 shoes
à 11:17 le 19 juin 2021 
I am also writing to let you know of the really good experience my wife's child developed studying your site. She came to understand several issues, most notably what it is like to possess a marvelous coaching style to let many more easily thoroughly grasp chosen complicated subject areas. You actually surpassed visitors' expectations. Thanks for coming up with the powerful, trusted, educational and as well as fun tips about your topic to Tanya.
curry 6 shoes http://www.curry-6.us
Répondre jordan 11
à 11:17 le 19 juin 2021 
I needed to compose you that tiny note to be able to say thanks once again about the incredible things you've provided above. This is extremely open-handed of you to deliver easily what numerous people might have supplied for an electronic book to help make some bucks on their own, specifically now that you could possibly have done it in the event you wanted. The principles additionally worked to become a good way to be aware that many people have the same dreams much like mine to grasp great deal more on the subject of this problem. I am certain there are lots of more enjoyable situations up front for folks who find out your website.
jordan 11 http://www.jordan11retro.us.com
Répondre golden goose shoes
à 11:17 le 19 juin 2021 
I am writing to make you know of the excellent experience our daughter went through viewing your web site. She learned several details, not to mention what it is like to have a very effective teaching mood to have other individuals without problems learn selected tricky subject areas. You actually surpassed people's expectations. Many thanks for producing the interesting, trusted, revealing not to mention easy tips about this topic to Tanya.
golden goose shoes http://www.goldengooseoutlets.us
Répondre kyrie spongebob
à 11:18 le 19 juin 2021 
I'm also commenting to let you know of the fabulous experience my cousin's girl enjoyed visiting your webblog. She realized many details, which include what it's like to have a very effective teaching character to have many more without hassle fully understand certain tortuous subject areas. You really did more than my expectations. Many thanks for churning out those practical, healthy, educational as well as easy tips on the topic to Ethel.
kyrie spongebob http://www.kyrie5spongebob.us
Répondre golden goose
à 11:18 le 19 juin 2021 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with an extremely remarkable opportunity to read in detail from this blog. It's usually very kind and as well , full of fun for me and my office mates to visit your web site more than 3 times in one week to read the newest stuff you have got. Not to mention, we are certainly impressed with your excellent methods you serve. Certain 2 points in this posting are rather the most efficient we have all had.
golden goose http://www.goldengooses.us
Répondre off white hoodie
à 11:22 le 19 juin 2021 
My spouse and i got so contented that Albert managed to complete his inquiry through the entire precious recommendations he obtained using your web page. It is now and again perplexing just to always be releasing tips and hints that some people may have been making money from. We really consider we have got the writer to thank because of that. All the explanations you made, the simple site menu, the relationships you will make it easier to engender - it is many astonishing, and it is assisting our son and us consider that this topic is exciting, and that's rather serious. Thank you for the whole thing!
off white hoodie http://www.offwhitehoodies.us
Répondre nike sb
à 11:25 le 19 juin 2021 
I wish to get across my respect for your generosity in support of visitors who actually need guidance on the question. Your personal commitment to passing the message across appears to be exceptionally productive and have really permitted workers like me to get to their dreams. Your warm and friendly tips and hints implies a great deal to me and further more to my colleagues. Warm regards; from all of us.
nike sb http://www.sbdunk.us
Répondre golden goose
à 12:01 le 19 juin 2021 
I am just commenting to make you understand what a great experience my girl enjoyed reading through your web page. She came to understand plenty of things, which include how it is like to possess a marvelous teaching style to make many more without problems learn several tricky issues. You truly surpassed my expected results. I appreciate you for coming up with such good, dependable, edifying and fun guidance on your topic to Julie.
golden goose http://www.golden-gooses.com
Répondre yeezy
à 12:55 le 19 juin 2021 
Thank you so much for giving everyone a very marvellous opportunity to check tips from here. It really is very enjoyable and as well , packed with a good time for me personally and my office colleagues to search your site on the least thrice in one week to learn the fresh issues you will have. And of course, I'm just usually motivated with the fantastic concepts served by you. Selected two points on this page are in truth the most efficient I've had.
yeezy http://www.yeezy350s.com
Répondre yeezy
à 12:55 le 19 juin 2021 
I simply wanted to say thanks yet again. I do not know the things that I would have achieved without those hints shared by you on my area of interest. It had become a very troublesome matter in my view, nevertheless being able to view this specialised fashion you resolved that took me to jump for joy. Extremely happier for this work and in addition expect you are aware of an amazing job your are providing instructing people today through your web blog. Probably you haven't come across all of us.
yeezy http://www.yeezy-supply.us.org
Répondre moncler
à 13:37 le 19 juin 2021 
My husband and i have been very happy when Michael managed to carry out his reports by way of the precious recommendations he grabbed while using the web site. It is now and again perplexing just to find yourself freely giving information which often the rest may have been selling. Therefore we do understand we've got the writer to appreciate for that. The specific explanations you made, the straightforward blog navigation, the relationships you will aid to engender - it's everything sensational, and it's leading our son and us do think the content is thrilling, and that is quite pressing. Many thanks for all!
moncler http://www.moncler--outlet.us.com
Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 14:30 le 19 juin 2021 
I wanted to post you the bit of note so as to thank you very much as before with your pretty techniques you've contributed in this article. It is simply extremely open-handed with people like you to give without restraint what exactly numerous people might have offered as an e book to get some bucks for their own end, primarily seeing that you could possibly have tried it if you ever desired. Those advice as well served to become a fantastic way to recognize that most people have the identical fervor just like my very own to know a great deal more on the topic of this matter. I know there are several more pleasant situations in the future for those who take a look at your blog.
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrieirving-shoes.us.com
Répondre kevin durant shoes
à 15:47 le 19 juin 2021 
I simply wanted to appreciate you all over again. I do not know the things I could possibly have created without those tips provided by you regarding that area of interest. Entirely was the scary situation in my opinion, but viewing this skilled technique you resolved the issue forced me to weep for fulfillment. I'm just thankful for your assistance and as well , sincerely hope you know what a powerful job you were carrying out educating people today by way of your websites. Most likely you've never got to know any of us.
kevin durant shoes http://www.kevindurantshoes.us.com
Répondre hermes handbags
à 16:42 le 19 juin 2021 
My husband and i have been so contented that Ervin could do his investigations by way of the precious recommendations he discovered in your web pages. It's not at all simplistic to just be giving freely instructions which others may have been trying to sell. So we remember we need the writer to be grateful to because of that. Most of the illustrations you've made, the straightforward site menu, the relationships you can make it easier to create - it's got everything great, and it is facilitating our son in addition to the family recognize that the content is awesome, which is incredibly vital. Thank you for all the pieces!
hermes handbags http://www.hermes-handbags.us.com
Répondre giannis antetokounmpo shoes
à 17:33 le 19 juin 2021 
I in addition to my friends have already been examining the good tips and hints found on your web site then at once I had a terrible feeling I never expressed respect to the blog owner for them. All of the men had been so stimulated to see all of them and have now very much been taking pleasure in them. Appreciation for actually being simply kind and also for finding certain useful subject matter most people are really wanting to understand about. Our own honest regret for not expressing gratitude to you earlier.
giannis antetokounmpo shoes http://www.giannisantetokounmposhoes.us
Répondre lebron 17
à 18:26 le 19 juin 2021 
I am writing to let you be aware of of the notable discovery my friend's princess found visiting yuor web blog. She figured out many things, with the inclusion of how it is like to possess a marvelous giving spirit to let many others without hassle learn various hard to do topics. You undoubtedly surpassed our desires. Thanks for presenting the interesting, trustworthy, revealing not to mention cool guidance on the topic to Janet.
lebron 17 http://www.lebron17s.us
0