Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32926 commentaires

Répondre longchamp
à 20:43 le 14 mai 2021 
My wife and i felt now delighted when Louis could conclude his homework from your precious recommendations he gained out of the web site. It is now and again perplexing just to always be releasing key points which many people might have been trying to sell. So we realize we now have the blog owner to appreciate because of that. These explanations you have made, the easy web site navigation, the relationships you will assist to engender - it is mostly sensational, and it's assisting our son and us feel that the subject is thrilling, which is tremendously essential. Many thanks for all the pieces!
longchamp http://www.longchampshandbags.us.org
Répondre kyrie spongebob
à 20:45 le 14 mai 2021 
Needed to put you one little bit of word to thank you over again about the stunning pointers you have contributed on this site. It has been really incredibly open-handed of people like you to allow extensively all a lot of people would have supplied for an e-book to get some cash for themselves, primarily considering that you could possibly have tried it in case you desired. The strategies as well served as the good way to comprehend many people have a similar keenness like mine to learn significantly more on the topic of this matter. I believe there are some more enjoyable sessions ahead for folks who scan your blog.
kyrie spongebob http://www.kyrie5spongebob.us
Répondre off white hoodie
à 21:17 le 14 mai 2021 
I and also my pals have already been reviewing the great recommendations located on your website and all of the sudden I got a horrible suspicion I had not expressed respect to the web site owner for those strategies. Those young men came as a result very interested to read all of them and now have without a doubt been enjoying them. Many thanks for genuinely well accommodating and for obtaining such amazing themes millions of individuals are really wanting to be informed on. My sincere regret for not expressing appreciation to sooner.
off white hoodie http://www.offwhite.us.com
Répondre curry 6
à 21:43 le 14 mai 2021 
I must express appreciation to the writer just for bailing me out of such a challenge. Because of researching throughout the search engines and obtaining concepts that were not pleasant, I thought my life was over. Being alive without the approaches to the difficulties you've fixed as a result of the article content is a crucial case, as well as the kind that might have in a negative way affected my career if I hadn't discovered your blog. Your own personal skills and kindness in taking care of every aspect was important. I don't know what I would've done if I had not come across such a subject like this. I'm able to at this time look ahead to my future. Thanks so much for your specialized and amazing guide. I will not think twice to suggest the blog to anybody who should receive recommendations on this area.
curry 6 http://www.curry6.net
Répondre lebron 18
à 22:30 le 14 mai 2021 
I am just writing to let you be aware of of the helpful experience my cousin's girl obtained reading your web page. She learned many issues, not to mention what it is like to have an awesome coaching spirit to let the rest easily understand specified multifaceted matters. You actually did more than visitors' expected results. Many thanks for imparting these necessary, trustworthy, explanatory and even unique guidance on your topic to Kate.
lebron 18 http://www.lebron18.net
Répondre yeezy boost 500
à 23:01 le 14 mai 2021 
I am glad for writing to let you know of the terrific discovery my daughter developed checking your site. She realized numerous pieces, including what it's like to have an ideal giving mindset to let the others really easily know a variety of very confusing matters. You truly exceeded our expectations. Thank you for providing the priceless, trusted, revealing not to mention fun guidance on this topic to Julie.
yeezy boost 500 http://www.yeezy-500.us.com
Répondre russell westbrook shoes
à 23:09 le 14 mai 2021 
I together with my friends have been taking note of the excellent strategies from the blog and then before long I had a terrible suspicion I never expressed respect to the website owner for those secrets. The men came as a result thrilled to see them and now have really been loving these things. We appreciate you really being really helpful and then for picking out this kind of impressive ideas most people are really desirous to learn about. My personal honest regret for not saying thanks to earlier.
russell westbrook shoes http://www.russellwestbrookshoes.us
Répondre moncler
à 1:10 le 15 mai 2021 
I simply wanted to write down a simple message to be able to thank you for the magnificent items you are giving out on this website. My considerable internet investigation has at the end of the day been compensated with brilliant details to exchange with my classmates and friends. I would mention that most of us site visitors are extremely endowed to dwell in a fine community with so many special professionals with great basics. I feel somewhat blessed to have seen your website and look forward to many more exciting minutes reading here. Thank you once more for all the details.
moncler http://www.moncler--outlet.us.com
Répondre jordan 6
à 1:41 le 15 mai 2021 
Thank you a lot for giving everyone such a breathtaking possiblity to read in detail from this web site. It's always so lovely and as well , full of fun for me personally and my office colleagues to search your site really three times per week to study the newest secrets you will have. Of course, I'm so actually fascinated with your amazing ideas you give. Some two tips on this page are easily the finest we've had.
jordan 6 http://www.jordan6.us.com
Répondre kawhi leonard shoes
à 2:15 le 15 mai 2021 
I am also writing to let you understand what a cool encounter my child undergone reading through the blog. She realized many details, not to mention what it is like to have a very effective helping spirit to get other folks without hassle comprehend various tortuous issues. You really surpassed my desires. Thanks for distributing the productive, trusted, informative not to mention easy thoughts on the topic to Sandra.
kawhi leonard shoes http://www.kawhileonardshoes.us
Répondre bape hoodie
à 2:41 le 15 mai 2021 
I and also my friends came examining the best thoughts on your web blog while immediately came up with a horrible feeling I had not expressed respect to the website owner for those tips. Those men came so warmed to learn all of them and have definitely been tapping into those things. Appreciation for genuinely very kind and for settling on this kind of magnificent issues millions of individuals are really wanting to learn about. My honest apologies for not expressing gratitude to earlier.
bape hoodie http://www.bapehoodie.us
Répondre golden goose
à 2:49 le 15 mai 2021 
I in addition to my guys appeared to be studying the excellent tips and tricks found on your site and instantly developed a terrible suspicion I never thanked the web site owner for those tips. All of the women appeared to be so happy to learn all of them and now have very much been making the most of them. Appreciation for truly being considerably considerate and then for obtaining such superb topics most people are really desperate to understand about. My very own honest regret for not expressing gratitude to you sooner.
golden goose http://www.golden-gooses.com
Répondre giannis shoes
à 3:19 le 15 mai 2021 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with remarkably superb chance to check tips from this site. It's always so nice and also full of a great time for me and my office co-workers to visit your web site on the least thrice per week to study the newest tips you have got. And lastly, I'm just always contented with the special knowledge you give. Certain 2 ideas in this article are certainly the simplest we have had.
giannis shoes http://www.giannisantetokounmposhoes.us
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 3:35 le 15 mai 2021 
I wish to show some appreciation to you just for bailing me out of such a scenario. Just after searching throughout the internet and getting tips that were not powerful, I believed my life was over. Living without the strategies to the problems you have sorted out by means of this post is a serious case, as well as the kind that could have negatively damaged my career if I had not discovered your blog post. Your personal capability and kindness in controlling the whole thing was valuable. I'm not sure what I would have done if I hadn't encountered such a point like this. I can now look forward to my future. Thank you very much for your expert and sensible guide. I will not think twice to propose your blog to anybody who requires recommendations about this topic.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengooseoutlets.us
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 3:43 le 15 mai 2021 
A lot of thanks for all your valuable work on this web site. Gloria really loves going through investigation and it is easy to see why. A number of us notice all relating to the lively mode you deliver great tactics by means of the website and attract contribution from people on that issue while our favorite princess is actually discovering a lot. Take pleasure in the rest of the new year. You're the one doing a terrific job.
supreme hoodie http://www.supremeshoodie.com
Répondre russell westbrook shoes
à 3:53 le 15 mai 2021 
My wife and i have been very contented when Michael could finish off his investigations from your ideas he was given through the web pages. It is now and again perplexing to just choose to be giving freely thoughts a number of people have been trying to sell. And we also consider we need you to appreciate for that. The explanations you made, the straightforward web site navigation, the friendships you can help create - it's got mostly remarkable, and it's really aiding our son and the family reason why this content is entertaining, and that is unbelievably fundamental. Thanks for all!
russell westbrook shoes http://www.russellwestbrookshoes.us
Répondre supreme new york
à 4:18 le 15 mai 2021 
I want to express my appreciation to you just for rescuing me from this situation. Right after surfing throughout the online world and coming across advice which are not beneficial, I was thinking my entire life was done. Existing minus the solutions to the difficulties you have solved by means of your main site is a serious case, and ones which could have badly affected my entire career if I hadn't come across your web page. Your own understanding and kindness in controlling every item was priceless. I don't know what I would have done if I hadn't discovered such a subject like this. It's possible to now relish my future. Thank you very much for your expert and results-oriented guide. I will not be reluctant to refer your web page to anyone who needs and wants support about this situation.
supreme new york http://www.supreme-clothings.us.com
Répondre moncler coat
à 4:18 le 15 mai 2021 
My spouse and i got very cheerful that Edward managed to finish up his investigation via the precious recommendations he got from your own web pages. It's not at all simplistic just to possibly be freely giving techniques which usually most people have been making money from. So we discover we need the website owner to be grateful to because of that. Most of the explanations you have made, the easy web site navigation, the relationships your site give support to create - it's got everything spectacular, and it's leading our son and the family believe that this content is cool, and that's highly indispensable. Many thanks for all the pieces!
moncler coat http://www.monclercoat.us.com
Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 4:18 le 15 mai 2021 
Thanks for your own hard work on this website. Gloria really loves getting into research and it's easy to see why. Many of us learn all of the powerful form you give very useful ideas by means of the blog and as well foster participation from other ones about this situation so our own simple princess is studying a lot. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the year. Your carrying out a really great job.
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrie6.org
Répondre 100% real jordans for cheap
à 4:20 le 15 mai 2021 
I wanted to jot down a message to be able to appreciate you for the amazing concepts you are giving here. My incredibly long internet lookup has at the end of the day been recognized with pleasant suggestions to exchange with my best friends. I would mention that most of us visitors actually are very much blessed to exist in a good website with very many brilliant individuals with very helpful strategies. I feel very lucky to have seen the web pages and look forward to many more excellent moments reading here. Thanks a lot once more for a lot of things.
100% real jordans for cheap http://www.jordansforcheap.us.com
0