Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32926 commentaires

Répondre jordans shoes
à 9:16 le 14 mai 2021 
I simply desired to say thanks all over again. I'm not certain the things I would've taken care of without the entire recommendations discussed by you about my industry. This was a depressing concern in my circumstances, but looking at a specialised strategy you resolved that forced me to cry for joy. I will be thankful for the support and even expect you comprehend what a great job that you're undertaking training the mediocre ones through the use of your website. I am certain you haven't got to know any of us.
jordans shoes http://www.jordansshoes.us.org
Répondre yeezy
à 9:23 le 14 mai 2021 
A lot of thanks for your entire efforts on this website. Ellie really loves managing investigations and it's really easy to understand why. All of us hear all of the compelling mode you deliver very helpful thoughts by means of the web blog and as well inspire participation from other people on that area so our child is always being taught a whole lot. Enjoy the rest of the year. You're carrying out a very good job.
yeezy http://www.yeezy-sneakers.us
Répondre golden goose
à 10:18 le 14 mai 2021 
My wife and i were absolutely contented Jordan could round up his preliminary research through your ideas he came across from your very own site. It's not at all simplistic to simply be giving out tips and tricks people today have been trying to sell. And we also already know we have the blog owner to be grateful to for that. These illustrations you have made, the straightforward website menu, the relationships you can make it possible to instill - it's got mostly overwhelming, and it's aiding our son and us understand that idea is entertaining, which is tremendously indispensable. Thanks for all!
golden goose http://www.goldengooseofficial.com
Répondre golden goose
à 11:45 le 14 mai 2021 
Thank you so much for providing individuals with an exceptionally special possiblity to read articles and blog posts from this website. It is usually very useful and also full of a lot of fun for me personally and my office friends to search the blog a minimum of thrice in a week to find out the newest tips you will have. And definitely, I'm so actually happy with the perfect opinions you serve. Certain 1 areas in this article are honestly the most efficient we've had.
golden goose http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.org
Répondre yeezy 700
à 13:11 le 14 mai 2021 
I want to point out my admiration for your kind-heartedness giving support to persons who actually need guidance on that concept. Your very own dedication to getting the solution across appears to be definitely significant and has in most cases empowered regular people like me to reach their desired goals. Your warm and helpful guidelines implies a lot a person like me and even further to my office colleagues. With thanks; from all of us.
yeezy 700 http://www.yeezy700.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 13:38 le 14 mai 2021 
I enjoy you because of your whole efforts on this website. Kim really loves getting into investigations and it's really obvious why. I hear all regarding the compelling way you convey worthwhile guidance through your website and therefore recommend contribution from visitors on that topic so my girl is undoubtedly being taught a great deal. Take pleasure in the rest of the new year. You are carrying out a good job.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes-clothing.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 14:05 le 14 mai 2021 
I and my guys happened to be checking the nice helpful tips from your site and then at once got a terrible suspicion I never expressed respect to the website owner for those tips. My people happened to be as a result very interested to learn them and have now unquestionably been taking pleasure in these things. I appreciate you for getting considerably kind and for going for variety of very good guides millions of individuals are really eager to know about. Our own sincere apologies for not expressing appreciation to earlier.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothing.us.org
Répondre lebron 16
à 14:54 le 14 mai 2021 
Needed to post you that bit of observation so as to thank you so much yet again for those gorgeous knowledge you have contributed at this time. It has been so strangely open-handed of you to offer without restraint exactly what a few individuals would have advertised as an ebook to help with making some cash for their own end, notably considering the fact that you might have tried it if you decided. The good ideas in addition served like the easy way to fully grasp that other individuals have a similar zeal really like my own to learn great deal more in regard to this problem. I'm sure there are millions of more enjoyable times in the future for many who see your site.
lebron 16 http://www.lebron16.us
Répondre moncler
à 14:56 le 14 mai 2021 
Thank you for all of your labor on this site. My mother really likes making time for research and it's really obvious why. All of us notice all regarding the dynamic form you offer precious tactics via this web site and in addition recommend contribution from other ones on this subject so our own princess is starting to learn a great deal. Enjoy the rest of the year. You are doing a tremendous job.
moncler http://www.monclerjackets.us.org
Répondre paul george shoes
à 14:58 le 14 mai 2021 
I want to show my gratitude for your kind-heartedness in support of men and women that have the need for help with this important study. Your special commitment to getting the message around ended up being astonishingly beneficial and have without exception made most people much like me to get to their endeavors. Your new important guideline can mean a lot a person like me and extremely more to my colleagues. Warm regards; from all of us.
paul george shoes http://www.paulgeorge.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 14:58 le 14 mai 2021 
I needed to draft you the tiny remark to be able to give many thanks over again relating to the lovely pointers you've provided in this article. It's quite unbelievably open-handed of people like you to present unreservedly exactly what many people could possibly have supplied for an ebook to help make some dough on their own, most importantly seeing that you might well have done it in case you considered necessary. Those good ideas also worked to be the great way to recognize that other individuals have the identical keenness similar to my own to understand lots more pertaining to this issue. I believe there are several more pleasurable opportunities ahead for many who examine your site.
golden goose http://www.golden-goose.us
Répondre off white shoes
à 14:59 le 14 mai 2021 
I precisely wanted to appreciate you all over again. I am not sure what I could possibly have handled in the absence of those tips and hints documented by you directly on this industry. It became a very horrifying dilemma in my circumstances, but taking note of the very professional manner you handled it took me to leap with delight. Extremely thankful for this work and pray you find out what a great job you are accomplishing educating the others via your web page. I'm certain you have never got to know all of us.
off white shoes http://www.offwhite.us.com
Répondre curry 5
à 15:02 le 14 mai 2021 
I needed to send you a very small remark to finally say thank you once again regarding the nice advice you have documented here. It is really extremely open-handed of you to provide unhampered just what many individuals would have sold as an electronic book to generate some profit for their own end, particularly seeing that you might well have tried it in case you decided. The secrets in addition served to become fantastic way to be aware that other individuals have a similar zeal much like mine to learn way more in respect of this issue. I believe there are millions of more enjoyable opportunities up front for individuals that examine your blog post.
curry 5 http://www.curry5.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 15:40 le 14 mai 2021 
I precisely wished to thank you so much once again. I'm not certain what I would've undertaken in the absence of those techniques contributed by you regarding that question. It was before a real scary condition in my circumstances, but encountering your expert avenue you handled the issue made me to leap for happiness. I am just grateful for the advice and in addition hope you recognize what an amazing job you have been undertaking educating people today by way of your web page. I know that you have never met any of us.
golden goose http://www.goldengoosesonline.com
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 16:27 le 14 mai 2021 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with a very spectacular chance to read in detail from this website. It's usually very superb and as well , packed with a lot of fun for me personally and my office colleagues to visit your website particularly 3 times in a week to read the latest guidance you have got. And definitely, I am just always astounded with the good tips and hints you give. Some 3 tips in this article are easily the simplest I've ever had.
supreme hoodie http://www.supremeshoodie.com
Répondre off-white
à 16:33 le 14 mai 2021 
I have to show some thanks to the writer for rescuing me from such a incident. Right after exploring through the internet and finding recommendations that were not helpful, I figured my life was over. Being alive devoid of the solutions to the issues you've sorted out as a result of your entire report is a crucial case, and ones which may have negatively damaged my career if I hadn't discovered your blog. Your actual capability and kindness in controlling everything was useful. I'm not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come across such a solution like this. It's possible to at this time look forward to my future. Thanks so much for this specialized and results-oriented guide. I won't hesitate to suggest the website to any person who ought to have recommendations on this matter.
off-white http://www.off--white.us.com
Répondre kd13
à 17:08 le 14 mai 2021 
I wish to voice my love for your kind-heartedness supporting individuals who have the need for help on this important niche. Your very own dedication to getting the solution all over had been incredibly good and have really permitted folks like me to get to their pursuits. The useful tips and hints signifies so much to me and extremely more to my peers. Best wishes; from all of us.
kd13 http://www.kd13shoes.us
Répondre nike sb
à 18:34 le 14 mai 2021 
I definitely wanted to write a quick note in order to appreciate you for these marvelous guides you are placing at this site. My extended internet research has at the end of the day been compensated with useful content to exchange with my family. I 'd express that many of us website visitors actually are unquestionably lucky to dwell in a really good network with so many lovely professionals with interesting guidelines. I feel really grateful to have come across the web site and look forward to some more entertaining minutes reading here. Thank you again for everything.
nike sb http://www.sbdunk.us
Répondre off white clothing
à 19:35 le 14 mai 2021 
I needed to post you the very little word in order to give thanks once again about the great thoughts you have contributed here. It has been so pretty open-handed with you to supply easily all that many individuals could have offered for sale for an ebook to get some money on their own, primarily now that you might well have tried it if you ever wanted. These guidelines likewise served like the great way to be aware that other people have similar interest just as my own to grasp many more related to this condition. I believe there are many more fun opportunities ahead for people who examine your blog.
off white clothing http://www.offwhite.us.com
Répondre curry 6
à 19:47 le 14 mai 2021 
I'm writing to let you be aware of of the awesome experience my daughter encountered reading your site. She discovered several details, which include what it's like to possess an ideal giving heart to have men and women very easily know precisely specified hard to do things. You really exceeded our expectations. Many thanks for rendering the warm and friendly, dependable, edifying as well as cool tips about that topic to Janet.
curry 6 http://www.curry-6.us
0