Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32927 commentaires

Répondre yeezy shoes
à 3:49 le 10 mai 2021 
I and my friends were actually looking through the great procedures found on the website and so immediately got a horrible suspicion I never expressed respect to the web blog owner for those techniques. My women happened to be absolutely happy to learn them and have now in actuality been tapping into these things. Thanks for being very kind and then for pick out varieties of high-quality areas most people are really wanting to be informed on. Our own sincere apologies for not saying thanks to you sooner.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezysneakers.us
Répondre lebron 17
à 4:20 le 10 mai 2021 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with such a marvellous possiblity to read articles and blog posts from this website. It is often very useful and stuffed with a lot of fun for me and my office fellow workers to search your website at a minimum thrice a week to study the fresh stuff you will have. And of course, we are certainly motivated with all the awesome tips and hints served by you. Selected 2 areas in this posting are unquestionably the most effective we've had.
lebron 17 http://www.lebron17s.us
Répondre cheap jordans
à 6:20 le 10 mai 2021 
Thanks for each of your work on this web page. Gloria delights in managing internet research and it's really easy to see why. We all know all of the lively method you deliver precious suggestions by means of this website and therefore attract contribution from others about this subject so our child is without question studying a lot of things. Have fun with the remaining portion of the new year. You are doing a powerful job.
cheap jordans http://www.cheap-airjordans.us.com
Répondre nike off whtie
à 6:24 le 10 mai 2021 
I as well as my buddies were found to be looking through the great advice from the blog and then quickly came up with a terrible suspicion I never thanked the web site owner for those secrets. My ladies happened to be so stimulated to study them and have in effect sincerely been taking pleasure in them. I appreciate you for being considerably thoughtful as well as for making a decision on certain quality things most people are really wanting to be aware of. Our own honest apologies for not saying thanks to sooner.
nike off whtie http://www.nikexoffwhite.com
Répondre off white x jordan 1
à 7:05 le 10 mai 2021 
I wanted to post you one very small observation to thank you once again on your great opinions you've shared above. It's simply wonderfully generous with people like you giving unhampered just what numerous people could possibly have supplied for an ebook to generate some cash for their own end, particularly given that you could possibly have tried it in the event you decided. The concepts in addition worked to be a fantastic way to recognize that other people online have the same dream the same as my very own to realize a whole lot more when considering this issue. Certainly there are some more fun periods ahead for individuals who read your blog post.
off white x jordan 1 http://www.offwhitexjordan1.com
Répondre curry shoes
à 7:05 le 10 mai 2021 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone an extraordinarily pleasant possiblity to read from this website. It really is so pleasant and as well , jam-packed with a lot of fun for me and my office friends to visit your site more than thrice weekly to read through the fresh guides you have. And lastly, we are actually fascinated with all the unbelievable knowledge you give. Selected 1 ideas on this page are ultimately the most suitable I've had.
curry shoes http://www.stephencurry-shoes.us.com
Répondre off white outlet
à 8:49 le 10 mai 2021 
Thanks so much for giving everyone such a wonderful chance to read in detail from this website. It's always very brilliant plus full of a great time for me and my office colleagues to search your web site at minimum 3 times every week to see the newest guides you will have. And definitely, I'm also at all times fascinated with the breathtaking hints you give. Selected 3 tips on this page are absolutely the best I've had.
off white outlet http://www.offwhiteoutlet.us.org
Répondre stone island hoodie
à 9:20 le 10 mai 2021 
Needed to draft you a little bit of word just to give many thanks again for your personal striking pointers you've featured on this site. It is so tremendously generous with you in giving easily precisely what a few people could have offered as an electronic book to help with making some money for themselves, most notably since you might have tried it if you ever decided. These tactics likewise worked like a fantastic way to understand that many people have a similar interest just as my personal own to grasp a good deal more regarding this problem. I think there are many more fun sessions in the future for many who look into your blog.
stone island hoodie http://www.stoneislands.us
Répondre lebron james shoes
à 9:59 le 10 mai 2021 
I would like to point out my appreciation for your kindness supporting those people that have the need for assistance with this particular concept. Your very own dedication to getting the solution all-around was amazingly good and has always enabled guys and women like me to reach their targets. Your own invaluable instruction signifies a lot a person like me and still more to my office workers. With thanks; from all of us.
lebron james shoes http://www.lebronjames-shoes.us.com
Répondre off white outlet
à 10:46 le 10 mai 2021 
I needed to put you this very small note to be able to give thanks again for your personal beautiful thoughts you've featured on this site. It's certainly remarkably open-handed of people like you to provide extensively all many of us would have offered for an e-book to make some cash for their own end, especially considering that you could possibly have tried it if you ever considered necessary. The points additionally worked like a good way to be aware that someone else have the identical dream really like my very own to find out more and more around this condition. I think there are some more fun times ahead for people who discover your blog post.
off white outlet http://www.offwhiteoutlet.us.org
Répondre hermes
à 11:27 le 10 mai 2021 
A lot of thanks for all your valuable effort on this blog. Debby really likes engaging in investigations and it's really simple to grasp why. I hear all regarding the dynamic ways you deliver effective guides through the web site and as well cause response from other ones on that point plus our favorite girl is becoming educated a lot of things. Enjoy the remaining portion of the year. You are performing a really great job.
hermes http://www.hermesonlineshop.com
Répondre nike off whtie
à 11:47 le 10 mai 2021 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with an extremely pleasant opportunity to read in detail from this website. It's always very pleasing and jam-packed with a great time for me and my office acquaintances to visit the blog at the least thrice every week to read through the newest items you have. And indeed, I'm actually impressed with all the perfect solutions you give. Some 4 tips in this article are clearly the most suitable we have all had.
nike off whtie http://www.nikexoffwhite.com
Répondre air jordan
à 11:56 le 10 mai 2021 
I must express thanks to you just for bailing me out of this type of instance. Right after researching through the online world and finding thoughts which are not powerful, I thought my life was gone. Living devoid of the approaches to the difficulties you have resolved as a result of the site is a serious case, as well as the kind which could have in a wrong way affected my entire career if I hadn't encountered the website. Your main skills and kindness in controlling the whole thing was important. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't encountered such a step like this. I am able to now relish my future. Thanks so much for the specialized and results-oriented help. I will not be reluctant to propose your site to any individual who requires care about this subject matter.
air jordan http://www.jordanshoes.us
Répondre off white nike
à 12:18 le 10 mai 2021 
I'm commenting to let you be aware of of the terrific experience my girl had browsing your web page. She came to find lots of things, with the inclusion of what it's like to have a very effective coaching character to make certain people completely gain knowledge of several complicated subject areas. You truly surpassed her desires. Thanks for producing those precious, dependable, informative and easy tips on that topic to Lizeth.
off white nike http://www.nikexoffwhite.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 12:21 le 10 mai 2021 
I am also writing to let you know of the brilliant encounter my wife's daughter found going through your webblog. She realized numerous issues, not to mention what it is like to have a marvelous teaching nature to let many more without problems completely grasp certain hard to do things. You undoubtedly did more than our own desires. I appreciate you for presenting the powerful, dependable, revealing as well as cool thoughts on that topic to Emily.
jordan shoes http://www.jordan11retro.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 12:54 le 10 mai 2021 
I must express thanks to the writer for rescuing me from this particular setting. As a result of looking out throughout the online world and coming across thoughts that were not beneficial, I believed my entire life was gone. Living without the answers to the problems you've solved by means of this article is a critical case, as well as the ones that would have badly affected my career if I had not discovered the website. Your own talents and kindness in maneuvering every part was vital. I am not sure what I would've done if I hadn't come upon such a thing like this. I can at this time look forward to my future. Thank you so much for your professional and amazing guide. I will not be reluctant to suggest your site to any person who wants and needs guide about this subject.
supreme clothing http://www.supreme-clothings.us.com
Répondre lebron 17
à 13:05 le 10 mai 2021 
I precisely had to appreciate you once again. I'm not certain what I could possibly have sorted out in the absence of the actual secrets revealed by you over that area of interest. It had become a difficult scenario in my opinion, however , being able to see this professional avenue you solved that made me to weep over joy. I am just thankful for the help and in addition wish you really know what a great job you have been putting in teaching many others by way of your web site. More than likely you have never encountered all of us.
lebron 17 http://www.lebron17s.us
Répondre jordan shoes
à 13:07 le 10 mai 2021 
Thank you so much for giving everyone remarkably spectacular possiblity to read articles and blog posts from here. It is always so great and as well , packed with fun for me and my office acquaintances to visit your site not less than thrice in 7 days to learn the newest stuff you will have. Not to mention, I am certainly satisfied for the incredible solutions served by you. Certain 1 tips in this posting are in fact the very best I have ever had.
jordan shoes http://www.jordan12.us.com
Répondre lebron 18
à 13:16 le 10 mai 2021 
I want to express some appreciation to this writer just for rescuing me from this particular challenge. Right after browsing throughout the world wide web and getting opinions that were not productive, I assumed my entire life was over. Living minus the solutions to the issues you've resolved through your main guideline is a crucial case, and the ones that would have in a wrong way damaged my entire career if I hadn't discovered the blog. Your main skills and kindness in playing with every item was very helpful. I'm not sure what I would have done if I hadn't discovered such a thing like this. I am able to at this point look ahead to my future. Thanks so much for this professional and result oriented help. I won't think twice to suggest your web blog to any individual who desires guidance on this topic.
lebron 18 http://www.lebron18.net
Répondre golden goose
à 13:16 le 10 mai 2021 
I have to show thanks to the writer just for bailing me out of such a condition. Just after browsing through the search engines and coming across ideas which were not powerful, I thought my life was well over. Existing without the answers to the issues you have fixed by means of the short post is a critical case, as well as those that might have negatively damaged my career if I hadn't come across the website. The mastery and kindness in maneuvering all the details was important. I don't know what I would have done if I hadn't come upon such a step like this. I can at this point look ahead to my future. Thanks for your time so much for the high quality and results-oriented help. I won't think twice to endorse the website to anybody who wants and needs tips about this situation.
golden goose http://www.goldengooseoutletstore.com
0