Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32929 commentaires

Répondre kyrie 7
à 0:54 le 9 mai 2021 
Thank you for all of the effort on this web page. Betty really loves setting aside time for research and it's really simple to grasp why. Most people hear all regarding the powerful method you give valuable suggestions by means of the web blog and even cause response from other people on the issue while our favorite daughter is truly becoming educated a lot of things. Have fun with the rest of the new year. You're conducting a fantastic job.
kyrie 7 http://www.kyrie-7.com
Répondre chrome hearts online store
à 1:03 le 9 mai 2021 
A lot of thanks for your whole work on this web page. Betty delights in doing research and it's really easy to see why. All of us notice all regarding the compelling ways you create rewarding guides via the web blog and increase contribution from some other people on the concept then our girl is undoubtedly being taught so much. Enjoy the remaining portion of the new year. You have been conducting a useful job.
chrome hearts online store http://www.chromeheartstoreonline.com
Répondre steph curry shoes
à 1:53 le 9 mai 2021 
I would like to convey my respect for your kindness giving support to those individuals that really want assistance with this one idea. Your special dedication to passing the solution all over became quite interesting and has always permitted individuals just like me to get to their endeavors. Your personal valuable suggestions implies much a person like me and additionally to my colleagues. Thanks a lot; from everyone of us.
steph curry shoes http://www.stephcurry.us
Répondre adidas yeezy
à 2:03 le 9 mai 2021 
I not to mention my friends appeared to be analyzing the excellent thoughts from your site and then instantly I got a terrible suspicion I had not thanked the website owner for those techniques. These men became as a result glad to study them and have in effect in truth been taking pleasure in them. I appreciate you for being so kind and for making a decision on certain superior tips millions of individuals are really needing to know about. My personal honest regret for not saying thanks to earlier.
adidas yeezy http://www.adidasyeezysupply.com
Répondre yeezy
à 2:27 le 9 mai 2021 
I am glad for commenting to make you understand what a really good encounter my cousin's daughter went through using your webblog. She figured out such a lot of things, not to mention how it is like to have an excellent helping mindset to make many people with ease know precisely several impossible issues. You undoubtedly surpassed readers' desires. Thank you for rendering those beneficial, trusted, edifying and even cool tips about this topic to Lizeth.
yeezy http://www.yeezy-boost350.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 2:45 le 9 mai 2021 
I simply wanted to type a small message in order to express gratitude to you for those nice instructions you are placing at this site. My extensive internet look up has finally been honored with reliable know-how to share with my classmates and friends. I would mention that most of us site visitors actually are undoubtedly blessed to be in a magnificent website with so many special individuals with very beneficial guidelines. I feel somewhat fortunate to have encountered your web site and look forward to so many more exciting minutes reading here. Thank you once more for a lot of things.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes-clothing.com
Répondre off white
à 2:47 le 9 mai 2021 
I want to show appreciation to the writer just for rescuing me from this setting. After checking through the the net and seeing opinions that were not productive, I thought my entire life was done. Living minus the solutions to the problems you have resolved through the review is a crucial case, and the kind that could have in a wrong way affected my career if I hadn't discovered your blog post. That skills and kindness in touching all areas was important. I'm not sure what I would've done if I hadn't come upon such a point like this. I can also at this point relish my future. Thanks so much for this impressive and sensible guide. I will not think twice to endorse your web page to anybody who would like guide about this topic.
off white http://www.offwhite.us.com
Répondre chrome hearts online store
à 2:47 le 9 mai 2021 
I simply wanted to write a quick message to appreciate you for the superb hints you are posting at this site. My particularly long internet research has finally been rewarded with good information to exchange with my classmates and friends. I would suppose that we readers actually are undeniably fortunate to live in a good network with so many special people with beneficial plans. I feel somewhat privileged to have used the web pages and look forward to plenty of more fun minutes reading here. Thanks a lot once again for all the details.
chrome hearts online store http://www.chromeheartstoreonline.com
Répondre a bathing ape
à 2:48 le 9 mai 2021 
I actually wanted to construct a small comment so as to express gratitude to you for those superb hints you are posting at this site. My particularly long internet search has finally been honored with pleasant points to exchange with my family members. I would state that that most of us site visitors actually are undoubtedly lucky to exist in a superb community with so many special people with beneficial opinions. I feel rather happy to have discovered your site and look forward to many more amazing minutes reading here. Thank you again for everything.
a bathing ape http://www.bathing-ape.us
Répondre jordan shoes
à 2:48 le 9 mai 2021 
I actually wanted to write down a brief word to be able to express gratitude to you for these remarkable guides you are posting here. My time-consuming internet search has finally been compensated with excellent information to share with my guests. I would claim that most of us website visitors are undoubtedly fortunate to exist in a remarkable site with many brilliant people with interesting tactics. I feel really privileged to have used the web pages and look forward to tons of more exciting moments reading here. Thanks a lot once again for a lot of things.
jordan shoes http://www.michaeljordanshoes.us.com
Répondre kyrie 4
à 2:59 le 9 mai 2021 
I wish to show appreciation to the writer just for bailing me out of this particular dilemma. As a result of looking out throughout the internet and finding ideas which were not powerful, I thought my entire life was over. Existing devoid of the strategies to the issues you've fixed as a result of the guide is a crucial case, as well as the kind that could have negatively affected my entire career if I hadn't come across your blog post. Your main talents and kindness in controlling all the details was vital. I am not sure what I would've done if I had not encountered such a solution like this. I can now look ahead to my future. Thank you very much for this reliable and results-oriented help. I won't think twice to suggest the website to any individual who should receive guide about this topic.
kyrie 4 http://www.kyrie4shoes.us
Répondre stone island hoodie
à 3:03 le 9 mai 2021 
I just wanted to send a small note in order to express gratitude to you for all the stunning tricks you are writing at this site. My long internet search has finally been honored with good quality concept to go over with my family members. I 'd express that most of us readers are unequivocally endowed to live in a notable network with very many perfect people with insightful basics. I feel very privileged to have discovered the weblog and look forward to many more amazing minutes reading here. Thanks again for all the details.
stone island hoodie http://www.stoneislands.us
Répondre hermes birkin
à 3:33 le 9 mai 2021 
My spouse and i ended up being really thankful that Albert could round up his research while using the precious recommendations he obtained in your blog. It is now and again perplexing just to possibly be giving away tips that other people have been trying to sell. And now we take into account we have got you to appreciate for that. All of the explanations you made, the straightforward blog menu, the friendships you will help to foster - it's got most awesome, and it is assisting our son in addition to our family imagine that that theme is enjoyable, which is pretty fundamental. Many thanks for the whole thing!
hermes birkin http://www.hermesbirkinbags.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 3:34 le 9 mai 2021 
Thank you for your entire efforts on this blog. Kim takes pleasure in getting into internet research and it's easy to see why. Most of us know all relating to the powerful way you offer priceless ideas by means of your web blog and even welcome contribution from the others about this idea so our favorite girl is without question studying a great deal. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the new year. Your carrying out a very good job.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezy-boost350.us.com
Répondre kobe shoes
à 3:36 le 9 mai 2021 
I simply desired to say thanks yet again. I'm not certain the things I could possibly have followed without these techniques discussed by you regarding my situation. It previously was an absolute frustrating condition in my opinion, nevertheless taking note of this specialised way you processed that made me to weep with delight. I'm happy for your help and as well , wish you are aware of a great job you happen to be providing instructing most people thru a site. Most likely you haven't encountered all of us.
kobe shoes http://www.kobe.us.com
Répondre pg 4
à 3:36 le 9 mai 2021 
I wanted to create you a tiny observation to give thanks yet again for those gorgeous information you have discussed on this page. It's really strangely open-handed of people like you to deliver easily what exactly a number of us could possibly have offered as an ebook in making some bucks for their own end, principally since you might well have tried it if you ever decided. The thoughts likewise acted to become great way to fully grasp other individuals have similar desire similar to my very own to see good deal more when it comes to this matter. I think there are lots of more pleasant times up front for those who looked at your site.
pg 4 http://www.paulgeorgeshoes.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 4:11 le 9 mai 2021 
Thanks for all of your labor on this web site. Gloria loves participating in investigation and it's simple to grasp why. Almost all know all of the dynamic tactic you convey insightful items through this website and therefore attract contribution from website visitors on this subject matter and our favorite princess is certainly becoming educated a lot. Have fun with the rest of the new year. You have been performing a stunning job.
supreme clothing http://www.supremenewyork.us.com
Répondre off white jordan 1
à 4:14 le 9 mai 2021 
I want to convey my gratitude for your kindness for people that need help with that theme. Your real commitment to passing the solution along has been particularly beneficial and has regularly helped women much like me to realize their dreams. Your own invaluable guideline means so much to me and especially to my office colleagues. Thank you; from everyone of us.
off white jordan 1 http://www.offwhitexjordan1.com
Répondre kyrie shoes
à 4:33 le 9 mai 2021 
I have to show appreciation to the writer for bailing me out of such a predicament. Because of looking out throughout the the net and meeting suggestions which were not helpful, I was thinking my entire life was well over. Existing without the strategies to the issues you've sorted out all through the article content is a critical case, and ones that could have badly damaged my career if I hadn't come across your web site. Your good talents and kindness in dealing with the whole lot was very helpful. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come across such a stuff like this. I can also at this moment look forward to my future. Thank you very much for the impressive and amazing guide. I will not be reluctant to propose your blog to anybody who should receive guide about this situation.
kyrie shoes http://www.kyrieirvingshoes.us.com
Répondre jordan 1 off white
à 4:35 le 9 mai 2021 
I precisely had to thank you very much once more. I do not know what I might have taken care of without the strategies contributed by you regarding such a subject matter. It was before an absolute traumatic issue for me, but spending time with this specialised form you managed it took me to cry for joy. I'm grateful for your guidance and expect you really know what a great job you have been providing instructing people today through the use of a blog. Most probably you haven't encountered any of us.
jordan 1 off white http://www.offwhitexjordan1.com
0