Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32929 commentaires

Répondre supreme clothing
à 18:28 le 4 mai 2021 
Thank you for your whole efforts on this site. My daughter delights in setting aside time for investigations and it's simple to grasp why. I hear all concerning the powerful medium you deliver advantageous tips on your web site and therefore recommend response from other ones on that matter then our favorite princess is in fact starting to learn a great deal. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the year. You're carrying out a stunning job.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeoutlet.us.com
Répondre kyrie 7
à 18:38 le 4 mai 2021 
Thank you for your whole labor on this web site. My niece take interest in participating in investigation and it's really easy to understand why. All of us learn all regarding the compelling form you create invaluable tricks through your web blog and in addition boost contribution from other people on that theme so our own simple princess is really learning a lot. Have fun with the rest of the year. You are always carrying out a fabulous job.
kyrie 7 http://www.kyrie7shoes.us
Répondre curry 7
à 18:39 le 4 mai 2021 
I needed to send you that tiny note to thank you very much once again for those gorgeous strategies you have featured on this website. This has been so generous with you to convey publicly what many people would've distributed for an e-book to earn some money on their own, especially considering that you might well have done it in the event you desired. Those good tips as well worked as the good way to comprehend most people have the same fervor really like my personal own to know a whole lot more with regards to this condition. I'm sure there are millions of more enjoyable moments in the future for people who discover your blog post.
curry 7 http://www.curry7.us
Répondre hermes birkin
à 19:39 le 4 mai 2021 
I happen to be commenting to make you understand what a excellent discovery my wife's daughter found reading through your site. She noticed plenty of issues, which include how it is like to possess a very effective giving heart to have others just comprehend specified hard to do topics. You really surpassed our own expectations. Thank you for providing such useful, dependable, educational and fun guidance on your topic to Ethel.
hermes birkin http://www.hermesbirkins.com
Répondre kyrie 5
à 19:56 le 4 mai 2021 
Thanks for your own effort on this website. My mum really loves setting aside time for investigation and it's simple to grasp why. Most people hear all concerning the lively mode you make informative guidance on this website and as well as invigorate response from the others on that concern and our own princess is without question being taught so much. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the year. You're the one doing a terrific job.
kyrie 5 http://www.kyrie5.org
Répondre giannis antetokounmpo shoes
à 20:28 le 4 mai 2021 
A lot of thanks for your own work on this web site. Betty enjoys carrying out internet research and it is simple to grasp why. I know all concerning the powerful manner you provide very important strategies via the web blog and even foster response from visitors on the area then our favorite girl is actually studying a whole lot. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the year. You're conducting a tremendous job.
giannis antetokounmpo shoes http://www.giannisantetokounmposhoes.us
Répondre kd shoes
à 20:37 le 4 mai 2021 
I would like to express my respect for your kind-heartedness supporting those people who should have guidance on this content. Your very own dedication to passing the message all over appeared to be surprisingly informative and have empowered men and women like me to reach their ambitions. Your amazing invaluable information indicates a whole lot a person like me and further more to my fellow workers. Regards; from each one of us.
kd shoes http://www.kevindurantshoes.us.com
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 21:08 le 4 mai 2021 
My spouse and i have been so fulfilled when Edward managed to complete his homework using the precious recommendations he got in your weblog. It is now and again perplexing just to continually be offering information and facts men and women could have been making money from. And we all remember we have got the writer to appreciate for this. These explanations you've made, the simple blog navigation, the relationships you can assist to create - it's many excellent, and it is letting our son and the family imagine that that matter is pleasurable, and that's unbelievably fundamental. Many thanks for all the pieces!
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengoose-outlet.us.com
Répondre bape clothing
à 21:12 le 4 mai 2021 
I enjoy you because of your own effort on this web site. Gloria really loves doing investigations and it's simple to grasp why. My partner and i know all of the compelling tactic you convey good tricks via your web site and even recommend response from others on that topic plus our girl is really becoming educated so much. Enjoy the remaining portion of the year. You're the one doing a glorious job.
bape clothing http://www.bape-clothing.us
Répondre steph curry shoes
à 21:28 le 4 mai 2021 
Needed to draft you one little bit of remark to finally thank you so much once again for these extraordinary guidelines you've discussed above. This is so extremely open-handed with you to offer easily all that a lot of people would've sold as an e-book to get some dough for themselves, even more so considering the fact that you might have done it if you wanted. These secrets likewise worked to be the good way to be aware that other people online have a similar eagerness just like my very own to grasp lots more when considering this issue. I'm sure there are a lot more enjoyable opportunities ahead for those who start reading your website.
steph curry shoes http://www.curryshoes.net
Répondre golden goose shoes
à 22:37 le 4 mai 2021 
I want to express my appreciation to this writer just for bailing me out of this type of dilemma. After surfing around throughout the the net and meeting concepts which are not beneficial, I assumed my life was gone. Existing without the presence of strategies to the problems you've resolved all through this posting is a serious case, as well as the ones that could have negatively damaged my entire career if I hadn't come across your site. Your actual natural talent and kindness in handling every item was invaluable. I don't know what I would have done if I had not come upon such a stuff like this. I can also now look ahead to my future. Thanks very much for this specialized and amazing guide. I won't think twice to endorse your web page to anyone who should receive assistance on this problem.
golden goose shoes http://www.goldengoose-shoes.us.com
Répondre stone island sale
à 22:38 le 4 mai 2021 
My husband and i have been now fortunate Ervin could complete his inquiry out of the ideas he grabbed from your own web site. It's not at all simplistic to simply possibly be giving for free points that many the rest might have been selling. So we consider we've got the blog owner to give thanks to because of that. All of the illustrations you have made, the simple site navigation, the relationships your site assist to engender - it is all great, and it's really leading our son in addition to the family do think this theme is cool, which is wonderfully indispensable. Thank you for the whole lot!
stone island sale http://www.stoneislands.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 22:39 le 4 mai 2021 
My spouse and i felt absolutely delighted that Emmanuel could do his web research from the ideas he was given out of your web page. It's not at all simplistic to just be giving out tactics which some people could have been trying to sell. And we fully understand we now have the website owner to thank for that. The entire illustrations you've made, the simple web site menu, the friendships your site give support to instill - it's all overwhelming, and it's really assisting our son in addition to the family do think that theme is satisfying, which is certainly unbelievably important. Many thanks for everything!
supreme clothing http://www.supremeshoodie.com
Répondre kyrie 5
à 22:39 le 4 mai 2021 
I together with my friends ended up studying the excellent solutions from your web page while all of the sudden came up with a terrible feeling I never thanked the web blog owner for those tips. Those ladies became certainly very interested to see them and have very much been having fun with these things. Appreciation for getting well thoughtful and also for utilizing varieties of exceptional useful guides most people are really eager to be informed on. Our own honest regret for not expressing appreciation to you earlier.
kyrie 5 http://www.kyrie5.org
Répondre jordan shoes
à 22:40 le 4 mai 2021 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with a very terrific possiblity to check tips from this web site. It's usually so cool and as well , full of a good time for me personally and my office fellow workers to search your web site at the very least thrice weekly to find out the fresh tips you have. Not to mention, I am just certainly pleased considering the awesome inspiring ideas served by you. Selected 1 ideas in this post are unequivocally the finest we have had.
jordan shoes http://www.jordanstoreonline.com
Répondre jordan 11
à 23:10 le 4 mai 2021 
I enjoy you because of each of your work on this blog. Gloria loves engaging in internet research and it's really obvious why. We all learn all regarding the compelling mode you deliver worthwhile solutions through this web site and even inspire participation from website visitors on this area of interest while our favorite princess has been becoming educated so much. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the new year. You have been conducting a very good job.
jordan 11 http://www.jordan11retro.us.com
Répondre nike kyrie 7
à 23:33 le 4 mai 2021 
I have to show thanks to this writer just for bailing me out of such a condition. Just after scouting through the online world and coming across things which are not productive, I was thinking my entire life was gone. Existing minus the approaches to the problems you have sorted out as a result of your good posting is a critical case, as well as the ones that would have negatively damaged my career if I hadn't noticed your website. Your own personal natural talent and kindness in dealing with all the stuff was crucial. I'm not sure what I would have done if I had not discovered such a solution like this. I can also at this moment look forward to my future. Thanks a lot so much for this high quality and effective help. I will not think twice to propose your web page to any person who desires assistance about this subject.
nike kyrie 7 http://www.kyrie-7.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 23:40 le 4 mai 2021 
A lot of thanks for all of the hard work on this website. Ellie loves conducting research and it is easy to see why. Many of us know all about the lively ways you provide effective techniques by means of this website and therefore cause contribution from other people on the concept while our princess is without question understanding a lot of things. Enjoy the remaining portion of the new year. You're the one doing a remarkable job.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes.us.org
Répondre moncler jacket
à 0:06 le 5 mai 2021 
Thank you for your entire efforts on this web site. Debby take interest in making time for internet research and it's easy to see why. A number of us know all relating to the compelling mode you offer very important suggestions via this website and as well as encourage contribution from people on the matter while our child is always discovering a lot of things. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the new year. You are doing a wonderful job.
moncler jacket http://www.monclersoutletstore.com
Répondre supreme shirt
à 0:23 le 5 mai 2021 
Thank you for each of your effort on this web page. My niece really loves engaging in investigations and it's really easy to see why. We all learn all of the powerful means you create advantageous guidelines on your blog and therefore welcome participation from the others on this subject and my princess is without question becoming educated so much. Take pleasure in the rest of the year. You are performing a splendid job.
supreme shirt http://www.supremeshirt.us.com
0