Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32929 commentaires

Répondre golden goose
à 4:07 le 30 avril 2021 
Needed to compose you the little word to thank you again over the pleasing suggestions you have contributed here. This has been simply seriously generous with people like you to make extensively what exactly many of us could possibly have marketed as an electronic book to make some money for themselves, chiefly given that you could have done it if you ever decided. The concepts likewise acted to become good way to realize that other people online have similar passion similar to my very own to find out a little more in terms of this matter. I'm certain there are numerous more enjoyable instances in the future for people who looked at your blog post.
golden goose http://www.goldengooseoutletstore.com
Répondre off white outlet
à 4:15 le 30 avril 2021 
I want to get across my admiration for your kind-heartedness for those people who really need guidance on this concern. Your special dedication to passing the message all through became definitely significant and has always permitted ladies like me to get to their pursuits. Your insightful facts implies a lot to me and a whole lot more to my mates. Warm regards; from everyone of us.
off white outlet http://www.offwhiteoutlet.us.org
Répondre supreme new york
à 4:18 le 30 avril 2021 
I have to express some appreciation to the writer for rescuing me from this particular setting. As a result of checking through the search engines and finding ways that were not powerful, I figured my life was gone. Being alive without the presence of approaches to the problems you've fixed through this site is a serious case, and ones that might have in a negative way affected my entire career if I hadn't noticed your web page. The ability and kindness in playing with all the stuff was excellent. I am not sure what I would've done if I had not come upon such a solution like this. It's possible to at this point look forward to my future. Thanks a lot very much for this skilled and results-oriented help. I won't hesitate to refer your web sites to anyone who will need guidance on this situation.
supreme new york http://www.supreme-clothings.us.com
Répondre nike dunks
à 6:40 le 30 avril 2021 
I precisely wanted to thank you very much once more. I do not know the things I might have handled without those basics provided by you regarding that theme. This has been a terrifying scenario in my opinion, but taking a look at this skilled avenue you processed the issue took me to jump for happiness. I'm just thankful for the assistance and thus sincerely hope you know what a great job you have been doing training the rest thru your web page. More than likely you haven't met any of us.
nike dunks http://www.sbdunk.us
Répondre retro jordans
à 7:26 le 30 avril 2021 
I definitely wanted to send a simple word so as to express gratitude to you for some of the precious pointers you are posting at this site. My particularly long internet search has now been honored with reputable know-how to share with my best friends. I would say that most of us visitors are unequivocally lucky to live in a very good website with very many wonderful people with beneficial tips and hints. I feel pretty blessed to have discovered your site and look forward to some more excellent moments reading here. Thanks once again for a lot of things.
retro jordans http://www.retro-jordans.us.com
Répondre paul george
à 7:40 le 30 avril 2021 
My wife and i got now joyful Edward could complete his studies while using the precious recommendations he grabbed through your web page. It is now and again perplexing to simply happen to be giving freely facts that many other people have been selling. Therefore we grasp we need the blog owner to be grateful to for that. The entire illustrations you made, the easy blog navigation, the relationships you help promote - it's got most spectacular, and it is facilitating our son in addition to our family know that the article is interesting, and that is truly essential. Thank you for everything!
paul george http://www.paulgeorge.us.com
Répondre cheap jordans
à 7:41 le 30 avril 2021 
I simply wanted to compose a note in order to appreciate you for all the superb advice you are posting at this website. My rather long internet research has finally been compensated with good quality ideas to talk about with my guests. I would point out that most of us website visitors actually are very much endowed to be in a really good site with so many brilliant individuals with great solutions. I feel rather fortunate to have discovered your entire web site and look forward to so many more brilliant times reading here. Thanks a lot once again for all the details.
cheap jordans http://www.cheapjordan.us
Répondre lebron shoes
à 7:41 le 30 avril 2021 
I would like to point out my appreciation for your kindness in support of persons that should have help on your subject. Your special dedication to getting the solution along had been exceptionally interesting and has usually enabled men and women just like me to realize their endeavors. Your own important key points entails a lot to me and somewhat more to my office colleagues. Thanks a ton; from all of us.
lebron shoes http://www.lebronjames.us.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 7:41 le 30 avril 2021 
I wish to point out my admiration for your kindness in support of men and women that actually need help on that study. Your personal commitment to getting the message throughout has been pretty practical and has encouraged ladies much like me to realize their ambitions. Your warm and friendly facts entails so much to me and far more to my office colleagues. Many thanks; from everyone of us.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezyshoessupply.com
Répondre yeezy supply
à 7:42 le 30 avril 2021 
I actually wanted to compose a simple note to appreciate you for some of the fabulous advice you are showing here. My time-consuming internet look up has finally been compensated with sensible know-how to write about with my family members. I would admit that many of us website visitors actually are undeniably endowed to dwell in a fine community with very many lovely people with great tips. I feel really blessed to have encountered your entire weblog and look forward to some more awesome minutes reading here. Thanks once again for a lot of things.
yeezy supply http://www.adidasyeezysupply.com
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 7:43 le 30 avril 2021 
I as well as my guys were actually checking the good strategies from your website then then came up with a horrible feeling I never thanked the blog owner for those strategies. Those young boys happened to be as a result excited to read through them and have now sincerely been making the most of those things. Appreciation for actually being well accommodating and also for having varieties of really good issues most people are really desperate to understand about. Our own sincere regret for not expressing appreciation to you sooner.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoose-sneakers.us
Répondre stephen curry shoes
à 7:44 le 30 avril 2021 
I enjoy you because of your entire work on this website. My daughter enjoys making time for research and it is obvious why. We learn all of the lively way you present worthwhile tactics by means of the website and as well as cause contribution from visitors about this area and my simple princess has always been being taught a great deal. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the year. You have been doing a useful job.
stephen curry shoes http://www.stephcurry.us
Répondre curry 6
à 7:45 le 30 avril 2021 
I'm also writing to make you understand what a helpful experience my girl undergone viewing your web page. She picked up so many pieces, with the inclusion of what it's like to possess an awesome helping character to make other people very easily have an understanding of a number of very confusing issues. You undoubtedly surpassed readers' desires. Thank you for presenting such insightful, trustworthy, explanatory as well as easy guidance on the topic to Tanya.
curry 6 http://www.curry6shoes.us
Répondre jordan retro
à 7:46 le 30 avril 2021 
I have to express some appreciation to the writer just for bailing me out of this issue. As a result of looking out through the world-wide-web and meeting ideas which are not productive, I was thinking my life was done. Living devoid of the solutions to the problems you've resolved as a result of your good write-up is a critical case, as well as the ones which could have in a negative way damaged my entire career if I had not discovered your site. Your own personal capability and kindness in touching all the pieces was very helpful. I'm not sure what I would have done if I hadn't come upon such a solution like this. I am able to at this moment relish my future. Thanks very much for this expert and result oriented help. I will not be reluctant to endorse the sites to anybody who should get guidance on this subject matter.
jordan retro http://www.jordan-retro.us.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 7:47 le 30 avril 2021 
I am only writing to let you be aware of what a brilliant discovery my cousin's girl found reading through your site. She realized so many issues, which included how it is like to have an excellent giving heart to make others quite simply gain knowledge of some very confusing matters. You undoubtedly did more than readers' expectations. Thank you for offering these informative, healthy, revealing and easy thoughts on this topic to Janet.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezysneakers.us
Répondre moncler
à 7:57 le 30 avril 2021 
My spouse and i ended up being very joyous that John managed to complete his investigation while using the ideas he had from your web site. It's not at all simplistic to just happen to be giving away tips and tricks which a number of people might have been selling. And now we already know we have got the writer to give thanks to for that. The most important illustrations you have made, the easy blog navigation, the relationships you can give support to create - it's everything fabulous, and it's really letting our son and us recognize that the situation is fun, and that's really serious. Many thanks for the whole thing!
moncler http://www.monclerjackets.us
Répondre stone island
à 9:47 le 30 avril 2021 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with an extremely memorable opportunity to read in detail from this web site. It's always so ideal and full of amusement for me and my office peers to search your site at the least 3 times a week to read the latest secrets you have. And indeed, I'm so certainly impressed concerning the beautiful secrets you serve. Certain 2 points in this posting are absolutely the simplest we have had.
stone island http://www.stoneislands.us
Répondre yeezy boost 350
à 9:49 le 30 avril 2021 
I simply wanted to make a word to be able to say thanks to you for all the splendid secrets you are sharing at this site. My particularly long internet investigation has finally been rewarded with high-quality concept to write about with my visitors. I 'd state that that many of us website visitors actually are extremely blessed to be in a good community with many marvellous individuals with useful techniques. I feel truly lucky to have encountered your entire webpages and look forward to so many more thrilling moments reading here. Thanks again for everything.
yeezy boost 350 http://www.yeezy-boost.us.com
Répondre kobe shoes
à 9:53 le 30 avril 2021 
I happen to be commenting to let you be aware of what a awesome experience my cousin's child had viewing your webblog. She learned several pieces, with the inclusion of how it is like to possess a marvelous giving nature to have many more with ease know just exactly specified tricky subject areas. You truly surpassed visitors' desires. Thank you for churning out those beneficial, safe, educational and as well as fun thoughts on that topic to Julie.
kobe shoes http://www.kobe.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 10:44 le 30 avril 2021 
I have to express some thanks to this writer for bailing me out of this difficulty. Because of exploring through the search engines and seeing ways which were not pleasant, I figured my life was over. Being alive without the strategies to the issues you have resolved through this short article is a crucial case, and ones which may have in a wrong way affected my entire career if I hadn't encountered your site. Your primary competence and kindness in dealing with all things was priceless. I'm not sure what I would've done if I hadn't encountered such a stuff like this. I am able to at this time relish my future. Thanks a lot so much for your specialized and effective help. I will not hesitate to propose the blog to any person who requires care on this topic.
golden goose http://www.goldengooseoutletonline.us.com
0