Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32929 commentaires

Répondre air jordans
à 23:27 le 29 avril 2021 
My spouse and i were so fortunate Ervin managed to conclude his basic research by way of the ideas he acquired from your own web page. It is now and again perplexing to simply happen to be giving out secrets and techniques some others might have been making money from. We figure out we've got the writer to be grateful to for that. All the explanations you've made, the straightforward web site menu, the relationships your site give support to foster - it's many impressive, and it's aiding our son in addition to our family do think this matter is enjoyable, which is certainly seriously vital. Thank you for the whole lot!
air jordans http://www.cheap-airjordans.us.com
Répondre curry 7 shoes
à 23:27 le 29 avril 2021 
I wanted to post you one very small note to finally say thank you as before just for the pleasing strategies you've shown on this website. It is unbelievably generous with you to give publicly exactly what many individuals might have advertised for an ebook in order to make some dough on their own, mostly given that you might well have tried it if you ever wanted. The smart ideas additionally served to become fantastic way to comprehend the rest have the identical dreams much like my own to learn great deal more concerning this matter. I am sure there are millions of more enjoyable occasions ahead for many who looked at your blog.
curry 7 shoes http://www.curry7.us
Répondre jordan shoes
à 23:27 le 29 avril 2021 
I must point out my admiration for your kindness supporting individuals who need help with that issue. Your special commitment to passing the solution across appeared to be particularly insightful and have truly permitted folks much like me to arrive at their dreams. Your personal helpful recommendations can mean a whole lot a person like me and somewhat more to my mates. Warm regards; from everyone of us.
jordan shoes http://www.jordanshoes.us
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 23:28 le 29 avril 2021 
Thanks for all your valuable labor on this site. Ellie delights in conducting investigations and it is easy to understand why. We all hear all regarding the lively ways you make very important information by means of this blog and even improve participation from website visitors about this issue plus our own child is without a doubt learning a lot of things. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the year. Your carrying out a wonderful job.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezy-350.us.com
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 23:29 le 29 avril 2021 
I needed to write you the tiny word to help thank you very much yet again for these extraordinary methods you've discussed on this website. It has been strangely generous of you giving freely exactly what a few people could possibly have made available for an ebook to make some cash on their own, primarily seeing that you might have done it if you wanted. The tips additionally served to provide a great way to realize that other people online have similar interest really like my personal own to know the truth more and more on the subject of this matter. I'm sure there are millions of more pleasurable times in the future for many who find out your blog.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoose-sneakers.us
Répondre golden goose
à 0:09 le 30 avril 2021 
My wife and i ended up being absolutely peaceful when Chris could finish off his investigations through your ideas he got in your site. It is now and again perplexing to simply be giving for free ideas which the others might have been making money from. So we recognize we now have you to appreciate for that. These illustrations you made, the easy web site menu, the relationships you can make it possible to engender - it is everything sensational, and it is assisting our son and the family consider that that concept is amusing, and that is very pressing. Thank you for the whole thing!
golden goose http://www.goldengooses.us
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 0:14 le 30 avril 2021 
Thank you for your whole labor on this website. My mother delights in conducting internet research and it is obvious why. I notice all relating to the compelling tactic you present practical tips and tricks via this blog and boost participation from other ones on that idea and our simple princess is always learning a whole lot. Have fun with the rest of the year. You're carrying out a terrific job.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezy350boostv2s.us
Répondre lebron james shoes
à 0:24 le 30 avril 2021 
I really wanted to post a brief remark to express gratitude to you for all of the lovely tips you are giving out on this website. My extensive internet search has at the end been honored with reasonable knowledge to go over with my classmates and friends. I 'd repeat that most of us visitors are unquestionably lucky to be in a notable place with many brilliant professionals with good pointers. I feel pretty fortunate to have seen your entire web site and look forward to so many more brilliant times reading here. Thank you once more for everything.
lebron james shoes http://www.lebron18.us
Répondre golden goose sneakers
à 0:25 le 30 avril 2021 
I enjoy you because of all of the efforts on this web site. My mum take interest in working on investigation and it's obvious why. A lot of people learn all concerning the powerful tactic you offer very important tactics on the web site and as well as encourage contribution from other people on the content so our own princess is without question becoming educated a lot of things. Have fun with the remaining portion of the year. You are always performing a useful job.
golden goose sneakers http://www.goldengoosesneakers.us.com
Répondre kobe basketball shoes
à 0:56 le 30 avril 2021 
I as well as my guys appeared to be analyzing the best points located on your web site then then I had a terrible suspicion I never expressed respect to the web blog owner for them. These ladies were definitely as a consequence joyful to see them and have now without a doubt been taking pleasure in them. Appreciate your getting indeed thoughtful and then for deciding upon this kind of really good ideas most people are really eager to understand about. Our own sincere apologies for not expressing appreciation to you earlier.
kobe basketball shoes http://www.kobebasketballshoes.net
Répondre moncler outlet
à 1:24 le 30 avril 2021 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with remarkably superb chance to check tips from this blog. It is usually so beneficial plus packed with a lot of fun for me and my office friends to visit your website at minimum thrice in a week to read through the new things you have. And lastly, I am always satisfied with all the magnificent things served by you. Some two facts in this post are definitely the most impressive we've ever had.
moncler outlet http://www.monclersoutletstore.com
Répondre yeezy sneakers
à 1:51 le 30 avril 2021 
I enjoy you because of all of your labor on this website. My niece take interest in setting aside time for investigations and it's obvious why. All of us hear all of the lively way you give rewarding suggestions via the web site and as well as foster participation from other people on that area and our own girl is certainly becoming educated a lot of things. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the new year. You're the one performing a wonderful job.
yeezy sneakers http://www.yeezysneakers.us
Répondre bape hoodie
à 2:22 le 30 avril 2021 
My wife and i have been quite joyous when Michael could finish off his research while using the precious recommendations he had while using the site. It's not at all simplistic to just possibly be giving out secrets which often the others could have been making money from. And now we remember we need the writer to appreciate because of that. Most of the illustrations you've made, the simple web site navigation, the friendships you make it possible to engender - it's many remarkable, and it's aiding our son in addition to us consider that that subject is entertaining, which is certainly tremendously serious. Thank you for all the pieces!
bape hoodie http://www.bapehoodie.us
Répondre golden goose
à 2:23 le 30 avril 2021 
I must express my thanks to you just for rescuing me from this scenario. Right after looking out throughout the the web and finding ideas that were not beneficial, I assumed my entire life was done. Being alive without the presence of strategies to the issues you've resolved by means of this guideline is a critical case, and ones which could have negatively affected my entire career if I hadn't noticed your blog. Your capability and kindness in taking care of all the stuff was invaluable. I'm not sure what I would've done if I hadn't come upon such a subject like this. I'm able to at this time look ahead to my future. Thank you very much for your expert and results-oriented help. I will not hesitate to recommend the sites to anybody who needs support on this area.
golden goose http://www.goldengooseoutletonline.us.com
Répondre authentic jordans
à 2:24 le 30 avril 2021 
My wife and i got quite satisfied Peter managed to deal with his reports through your precious recommendations he discovered from your blog. It's not at all simplistic to just possibly be handing out tricks other folks might have been trying to sell. And we understand we need you to thank for that. Most of the illustrations you have made, the simple blog menu, the friendships you help create - it's got most impressive, and it's assisting our son in addition to our family feel that that concept is enjoyable, which is rather indispensable. Many thanks for all!
authentic jordans http://www.jordansforcheap.us.com
Répondre curry 6
à 2:24 le 30 avril 2021 
I precisely needed to thank you so much once more. I do not know what I would've created without those suggestions discussed by you concerning my field. Completely was a real intimidating concern in my opinion, but being able to view the very expert tactic you managed that took me to leap for contentment. Now i am happy for the information and thus have high hopes you realize what a great job you happen to be providing training others thru a web site. I am sure you've never met all of us.
curry 6 http://www.curry6.net
Répondre jordan 11
à 2:52 le 30 avril 2021 
I want to show my appreciation to this writer for rescuing me from such a predicament. After looking throughout the search engines and finding things which were not beneficial, I thought my life was gone. Existing without the answers to the problems you have sorted out by way of your good blog post is a crucial case, and ones which might have in a negative way affected my career if I hadn't discovered the blog. Your main understanding and kindness in touching everything was valuable. I don't know what I would have done if I had not come across such a solution like this. I'm able to at this point relish my future. Thanks a lot very much for this professional and results-oriented guide. I will not think twice to recommend the sites to anybody who ought to have tips on this subject.
jordan 11 http://www.jordan11retro.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost
à 2:56 le 30 avril 2021 
I must express thanks to you just for rescuing me from this type of instance. Just after surfing throughout the world-wide-web and obtaining opinions which were not helpful, I thought my entire life was well over. Existing without the solutions to the difficulties you have sorted out by way of your entire blog post is a critical case, and the ones that would have in a negative way affected my entire career if I hadn't come across your web page. Your own personal mastery and kindness in handling the whole lot was priceless. I don't know what I would've done if I hadn't come across such a thing like this. I'm able to now look forward to my future. Thanks so much for this professional and effective help. I will not think twice to propose your site to anyone who ought to have recommendations about this area.
yeezy boost http://www.yeezy-boost.us.com
Répondre ewoxagekapez
à 2:58 le 30 avril 2021 
Note: hfx.jzrw.psyenfants.net.tfq.me invert age-specific lid [URL=http://doctor123.org/product/how-to-buy-cialis-online-legall
y/ - how to buy cialis online legally[/URL - [URL=http://addresslocality.net/metronidazole-500-mg-antibiotic/ - metronidazole 500 mg antibiotic[/URL - [URL=http://carbexauto.com/lasix-cheap-discount/ - indian lasix online[/URL - [URL=http://naturenibbles.com/drugs/cialis/ - cialis tablets purchase[/URL - [URL=http://carbexauto.com/doxycycline-united-states/ - on line doxycycline purchase[/URL - [URL=http://staffordshirebullterrierhq.com/item/jelly-pack-15/ - cheap jelly-pack-15 online without a persciption[/URL - jelly-pack-15 apoteket [URL=http://christianwicca.org/lyrica/ - lyrica best price[/URL - [URL=http://dallasneurological.com/item/lasix/ - buying lasix on internet[/URL - [URL=http://dvxcskier.com/item/generic-hydroxychloroquine/ - shop generic hydroxychloroquine[/URL - [URL=http://buckeyejeeps.com/tretinoin-cream-0-05/ - retin a 0.1% cream[/URL - [URL=http://eyogsupplements.com/priligy/ - priligy 30 mg india[/URL - [URL=http://beauviva.com/item/prednisone/ - canadian pharmacy prednisone brand[/URL - [URL=http://thegrizzlygrowler.com/lowest-price-cialis-uk/ - buying cialis online in britain[/URL - [URL=http://redlightcameraticket.net/semi-daonil/ - buy semi daonil online cheap[/URL - [URL=http://thatpizzarecipe.com/prednisone-generic/ - prednisone toronto[/URL - lacerations, cialis on line sale flagyl flagyl antibiotic amazon lasix cialis buy doxycycline meds jelly pack 15 lyrica 300 g lasix home page hydroxychloroquine pharmacy uk generic retin a tablets order 30mg priligy online montreal prednisone cialis semi daonil rx prednisone low price gynaecological dystonic http://doctor123.org/product/how-to-buy-cialis-online-legally/ cialis http://addresslocality.net/metronidazole-500-mg-antibiotic/ order flagyl http://carbexauto.com/lasix-cheap-discount/ lasix, uk http://naturenibbles.com/drugs/cialis/ cheap cialis generic online http://carbexauto.com/doxycycline-united-states/ cheap foreign generic doxycycline http://staffordshirebullterrierhq.com/item/jelly-pack-15/ jelly pack 15 uk site http://christianwicca.org/lyrica/ buy discounted lyrica http://dallasneurological.com/item/lasix/ online prescription lasix without http://dvxcskier.com/item/generic-hydroxychloroquine/ generic-hydroxychloroquine http://buckeyejeeps.com/tretinoin-cream-0-05/ retin a gel http://eyogsupplements.com/priligy/ buy 30mg priligy online http://beauviva.com/item/prednisone/ prednisone http://thegrizzlygrowler.com/lowest-price-cialis-uk/ cialis http://redlightcameraticket.net/semi-daonil/ buy semi daonil online cheap http://thatpizzarecipe.com/prednisone-generic/ prednisone generic involving delusion.
Répondre bape hoodie
à 3:46 le 30 avril 2021 
Thank you a lot for giving everyone such a superb possiblity to read articles and blog posts from this web site. It is often very awesome and stuffed with a great time for me personally and my office friends to search your website at minimum three times in a week to see the fresh tips you have got. Of course, I'm just certainly pleased with all the awesome techniques you give. Certain 1 areas in this article are certainly the best I have ever had.
bape hoodie http://www.bapes.us.org
0