Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32930 commentaires

Répondre lebron 18
à 7:15 le 21 avril 2021 
My spouse and i got absolutely excited when Raymond could finish up his analysis out of the precious recommendations he gained while using the web site. It is now and again perplexing to just possibly be freely giving guidelines people could have been selling. We really fully understand we have got the writer to thank for this. The most important explanations you have made, the straightforward site menu, the relationships you give support to create - it's all great, and it's really leading our son in addition to our family imagine that the article is excellent, and that is quite fundamental. Thank you for the whole lot!
lebron 18 http://www.lebron18shoes.us
Répondre lebron shoes
à 7:18 le 21 avril 2021 
My wife and i got quite thankful that Michael could do his inquiry via the ideas he grabbed from your very own web pages. It's not at all simplistic to just find yourself releasing thoughts some people could have been making money from. We take into account we now have the website owner to give thanks to for that. The entire explanations you've made, the easy website navigation, the relationships you will make it easier to foster - it's most astounding, and it's really assisting our son in addition to us consider that this subject matter is awesome, and that is truly fundamental. Thanks for all the pieces!
lebron shoes http://www.lebron18.us
Répondre moncler coat
à 7:57 le 21 avril 2021 
My spouse and i have been really satisfied that Michael managed to finish off his research through the entire ideas he got through your web pages. It is now and again perplexing just to be giving freely tips which usually some other people could have been selling. We really already know we have got the blog owner to be grateful to for this. The most important explanations you made, the easy blog navigation, the friendships your site aid to promote - it's got everything astonishing, and it is facilitating our son and us feel that the theme is exciting, and that is really important. Many thanks for the whole lot!
moncler coat http://www.monclercoat.us.com
Répondre supreme shirt
à 7:58 le 21 avril 2021 
Thank you for all of the labor on this site. Betty really loves doing investigation and it's easy to understand why. My partner and i notice all concerning the compelling form you give advantageous secrets on your website and improve response from others on the article while our simple princess is actually discovering a lot. Take pleasure in the rest of the new year. You're the one carrying out a stunning job.
supreme shirt http://www.supremeshirt.us.com
Répondre steph curry shoes
à 7:59 le 21 avril 2021 
I must convey my passion for your kind-heartedness giving support to all those that absolutely need help on this one subject matter. Your personal commitment to getting the message around had been pretty valuable and have in every case empowered ladies just like me to reach their aims. The important suggestions means a great deal a person like me and extremely more to my office workers. Warm regards; from everyone of us.
steph curry shoes http://www.curryshoes.net
Répondre supreme clothing
à 8:07 le 21 avril 2021 
I want to convey my admiration for your kind-heartedness supporting individuals that should have help on your niche. Your special dedication to passing the solution throughout turned out to be certainly important and has always allowed employees like me to achieve their goals. Your own helpful tips and hints can mean a great deal to me and much more to my office colleagues. Thanks a ton; from each one of us.
supreme clothing http://www.supremesonline.com
Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 8:08 le 21 avril 2021 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with an extraordinarily spectacular chance to read articles and blog posts from this web site. It's usually so great plus full of a great time for me and my office colleagues to visit your web site at minimum thrice in a week to study the fresh guidance you will have. And indeed, I'm usually satisfied with your stunning tactics you serve. Certain 2 points in this article are unquestionably the very best we have all ever had.
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrie6.org
Répondre kd 12
à 9:14 le 21 avril 2021 
I wish to express my respect for your generosity giving support to women who really want help with this important concern. Your real dedication to passing the message all over appears to be rather powerful and has in every case made regular people just like me to get to their desired goals. Your invaluable report implies a lot a person like me and even more to my mates. Best wishes; from everyone of us.
kd 12 http://www.kd12.org
Répondre kd shoes
à 11:38 le 21 avril 2021 
I would like to point out my appreciation for your kindness supporting folks that actually need guidance on this theme. Your special commitment to passing the solution throughout had been especially effective and has in every case made professionals just like me to get to their targets. Your own invaluable help and advice can mean this much a person like me and additionally to my peers. Thank you; from all of us.
kd shoes http://www.kevindurantshoes.us.com
Répondre supreme clothing
à 11:49 le 21 avril 2021 
I precisely wished to thank you very much yet again. I am not sure what I would've tried without the type of ideas shown by you directly on such a topic. This has been a real intimidating circumstance in my opinion, nevertheless understanding a specialized form you dealt with that took me to weep over contentment. Extremely happy for this advice and thus hope that you realize what an amazing job that you're putting in instructing the mediocre ones thru your blog. I am sure you have never encountered all of us.
supreme clothing http://www.supreme.us.org
Répondre off white hoodie
à 12:20 le 21 avril 2021 
Needed to write you the bit of observation to finally give many thanks yet again on your nice thoughts you have featured on this page. It is so tremendously open-handed of you to supply unreservedly all that a number of people might have marketed as an electronic book to earn some cash for their own end, particularly given that you might have tried it in the event you desired. Those thoughts likewise acted like a easy way to understand that other people have the same fervor really like my very own to find out way more in regard to this matter. I know there are numerous more enjoyable periods in the future for people who browse through your blog post.
off white hoodie http://www.off--white.us.com
Répondre curry shoes
à 12:20 le 21 avril 2021 
A lot of thanks for your whole labor on this web site. My mum really loves going through investigations and it's obvious why. My spouse and i learn all relating to the lively ways you deliver useful guidelines on this web site and as well cause contribution from visitors about this concept so our child is in fact starting to learn a lot. Take pleasure in the rest of the new year. You're the one conducting a first class job.
curry shoes http://www.stephcurry.us
Répondre off white jordan 1
à 12:21 le 21 avril 2021 
I truly wanted to compose a small note in order to thank you for these nice ideas you are giving here. My prolonged internet search has at the end been paid with reliable facts and strategies to exchange with my friends. I would admit that many of us site visitors are really lucky to exist in a remarkable place with many special people with good pointers. I feel quite fortunate to have encountered the website and look forward to so many more fun moments reading here. Thank you once more for a lot of things.
off white jordan 1 http://www.offwhite.us.com
Répondre jordan retro
à 12:22 le 21 avril 2021 
I precisely wanted to thank you very much yet again. I'm not certain the things that I might have created without those concepts revealed by you on that concern. It actually was the distressing crisis in my view, but considering a new expert technique you dealt with that took me to cry for contentment. Now i'm thankful for your information and even wish you comprehend what an amazing job that you are carrying out teaching people with the aid of your web blog. I am certain you haven't met any of us.
jordan retro http://www.jordan-retro.us.com
Répondre curry 7
à 12:22 le 21 avril 2021 
I needed to compose you this little remark to say thanks a lot again for your personal incredible pointers you've featured on this page. It has been quite pretty generous of people like you to deliver extensively just what many of us would've offered for sale as an ebook in order to make some bucks for themselves, most importantly since you could possibly have tried it in the event you decided. These points additionally acted to become a fantastic way to be sure that many people have the identical fervor much like my personal own to find out more and more concerning this condition. I know there are several more fun periods ahead for many who scan your blog post.
curry 7 http://www.curry7.us
Répondre moncler jackets
à 12:23 le 21 avril 2021 
I happen to be commenting to make you be aware of of the cool discovery my wife's princess had reading through your web page. She figured out many things, including what it's like to possess an incredible teaching style to have the others with no trouble know just exactly various extremely tough subject areas. You undoubtedly did more than our own desires. I appreciate you for coming up with these beneficial, safe, revealing and also fun thoughts on that topic to Gloria.
moncler jackets http://www.monclerjackets.us.org
Répondre curry shoes
à 12:48 le 21 avril 2021 
There are some fascinating closing dates in this article but I don�t know if I see all of them center to heart. There may be some validity but I'll take hold opinion till I look into it further. Good article , thanks and we wish more! Added to FeedBurner as effectively
curry shoes http://www.curry8.us
Répondre off-white
à 12:50 le 21 avril 2021 
I simply wished to thank you very much all over again. I do not know the things I would have implemented in the absence of the ways revealed by you concerning such area. It was actually an absolute intimidating matter in my position, but witnessing the well-written manner you processed it made me to jump over joy. I am just happier for the information and thus sincerely hope you recognize what a powerful job you happen to be undertaking teaching some other people via your website. Most likely you have never come across any of us.
off-white http://www.off--white.us.com
Répondre kevin durant shoes
à 14:05 le 21 avril 2021 
I enjoy you because of all your valuable work on this blog. Ellie loves working on internet research and it's easy to understand why. We all notice all relating to the powerful mode you present both interesting and useful suggestions by means of the blog and therefore attract contribution from other people on that concept so our favorite daughter is really starting to learn a whole lot. Have fun with the rest of the year. You're the one performing a first class job.
kevin durant shoes http://www.kd12.us.com
Répondre lebron 18
à 14:13 le 21 avril 2021 
My wife and i felt now cheerful Chris could do his analysis while using the precious recommendations he got through the weblog. It is now and again perplexing to simply find yourself giving freely solutions which often most people might have been making money from. And we consider we've got the blog owner to give thanks to for this. These illustrations you made, the simple website menu, the friendships you can make it possible to engender - it is many incredible, and it's really assisting our son and the family know that that subject matter is pleasurable, and that's extraordinarily essential. Many thanks for all the pieces!
lebron 18 http://www.lebron18.us
0