Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32932 commentaires

Répondre birkin bag
à 1:20 le 26 mars 2021 
My husband and i ended up being now comfortable Chris could carry out his research from the precious recommendations he discovered from your web pages. It is now and again perplexing to just find yourself freely giving tactics which a number of people may have been selling. And we all grasp we now have the blog owner to thank because of that. Those illustrations you have made, the easy web site navigation, the relationships you can help to foster - it's many exceptional, and it's really assisting our son in addition to our family believe that the subject matter is thrilling, and that's unbelievably vital. Many thanks for everything!
birkin bag http://www.birkinbag.us.com
Répondre balenciaga sneakers
à 1:52 le 26 mars 2021 
I as well as my guys have been examining the great strategies located on your website while quickly got a horrible suspicion I never expressed respect to the web blog owner for those tips. All the boys are already so stimulated to learn all of them and now have undoubtedly been taking advantage of those things. Thanks for really being quite kind as well as for picking out this form of exceptional useful guides millions of individuals are really needing to know about. My very own sincere apologies for not expressing gratitude to you sooner.
balenciaga sneakers http://www.balenciaga.us.com
Répondre eyomesaihdux
à 2:08 le 26 mars 2021 
The ope.npwc.psyenfants.net.cgr.gw protectors alarming poisoning; [URL=http://schoolsbiz.com/pill/pristiq/ - pristiq canadian pharmacies[/URL - [URL=http://mannycartoon.com/buy-furosemide/ - buy lasix online without prescription[/URL - [URL=http://realhealthresource.com/pill/duovir/ - duovir overnight[/URL - [URL=http://otherbrotherdarryls.com/pill/lotrisone/ - generic lotrisone from india[/URL - [URL=http://eatingaftergastricbypass.net/provigil/ - provigil south korea[/URL - [URL=http://elearning101.org/purchase-viagra-without-a-prescripti
on/ - order viagra 50 mg[/URL - [URL=http://tofupost.com/cialis-com/ - cialis canadian[/URL - [URL=http://washingtonsharedparenting.com/plaquenil-coupons/ - plaquenil[/URL - [URL=http://davincipictures.com/prednisone-generic-canada/ - prednisone[/URL - [URL=http://myquickrecipes.com/cialis/ - cheapest cialis[/URL - [URL=http://trucknoww.com/levitra/ - levitra[/URL - levitra with zenerx [URL=http://iliannloeb.com/item/viagra/ - generic viagra us pharmacy[/URL - [URL=http://thegrizzlygrowler.com/drug/lasix-tablets/ - generic for lasix[/URL - [URL=http://davincipictures.com/product/low-price-prednisone/ - canadian drugs prednisone[/URL - [URL=http://thesteki.com/lisinopril/ - xanax tadalafil lisinopril lisinopril normon 9hab 9hab 9hab[/URL - deformed spoiled honey-coloured pristiq tab 100 lasix duovir buy in canada generic lotrisone from india acheter du provigil en suisse viagra no prescription cialis.com plaquenil cost prednisone generic canada tadalafil 20 mg cialis levitra with no prescription costco price for viagra 25mg lasix en ligne cheaper generic india prednisone buy lisinopril online lisinopril online submandibular demand http://schoolsbiz.com/pill/pristiq/ pristiq 100 pas cher http://mannycartoon.com/buy-furosemide/ lasix http://realhealthresource.com/pill/duovir/ lowest duovir prices http://otherbrotherdarryls.com/pill/lotrisone/ online generic lotrisone http://eatingaftergastricbypass.net/provigil/ provigil drug store http://elearning101.org/purchase-viagra-without-a-prescription/ cheap viagra free shipping http://tofupost.com/cialis-com/ cialis http://washingtonsharedparenting.com/plaquenil-coupons/ buying plaquenil http://davincipictures.com/prednisone-generic-canada/ generic prednisone at walmart http://myquickrecipes.com/cialis/ cialis generic 5mg http://trucknoww.com/levitra/ vardenafil http://iliannloeb.com/item/viagra/ viagra en ligne http://thegrizzlygrowler.com/drug/lasix-tablets/ lasix tablets http://davincipictures.com/product/low-price-prednisone/ 10mg prednisone canada http://thesteki.com/lisinopril/ lisinopril mapping radiographer.
Répondre izeuvoxub
à 2:09 le 26 mars 2021 
Allows kty.llmn.psyenfants.net.awl.al chlorhexidine colon, none [URL=http://talleysbooks.com/item/cheap-viagra/ - buy viagra on line[/URL - [URL=http://thesteki.com/product/doxycycline/ - low cost doxycycline[/URL - [URL=http://seenasontv.com/pill/clozaril/ - where to buy clozaril[/URL - [URL=http://ossoccer.org/generic-priligy-lowest-price/ - priligy without pres[/URL - [URL=http://naturalgolfsolutions.com/pill/clofranil-sr/ - discount clofranil sr[/URL - [URL=http://center4family.com/overnight-chloroquine/ - buy chloroquine on line[/URL - [URL=http://bayridersgroup.com/tadalafil/ - tadalafil[/URL - [URL=http://realhealthresource.com/pill/nizoral-cream/ - nizoral-cream for order from canada[/URL - [URL=http://ossoccer.org/lowest-cialis-prices/ - cialis[/URL - [URL=http://comwallpapers.com/rosuvastatin/ - rosuvastatin canada[/URL - [URL=http://thesteki.com/product/amoxicillin/ - amoxicillin from india[/URL - [URL=http://aawaaart.com/price-of-eli/ - where to buy eli online[/URL - [URL=http://davincipictures.com/hydroxychloroquine/ - hydroxychloroquine from spain[/URL - [URL=http://outdoorview.org/haldol/ - order haldol online usa[/URL - haldol 1.5 mg order [URL=http://thehealingheartcenter.org/pill/baycip/ - baycip[/URL - morbidity, ankles, mesangial 100mg viagra doxycycline online clozaril no prescription priligy without pres discount clofranil sr generic chloroquine in canada mail order cialis nizoral-cream website cialis rosuvastatin generic amoxicillin online eli buy hydroxychloroquine cheap us haldol generic baycip external, http://talleysbooks.com/item/cheap-viagra/ 100mg viagra http://thesteki.com/product/doxycycline/ doxycycline for sale http://seenasontv.com/pill/clozaril/ clozaril with paypal account http://ossoccer.org/generic-priligy-lowest-price/ priligy http://naturalgolfsolutions.com/pill/clofranil-sr/ lowest clofranil sr prices http://center4family.com/overnight-chloroquine/ chloroquine generic canada http://bayridersgroup.com/tadalafil/ best price cialis 20mg http://realhealthresource.com/pill/nizoral-cream/ nizoral cream http://ossoccer.org/lowest-cialis-prices/ cialis capsules for sale http://comwallpapers.com/rosuvastatin/ rosuvastatin lowest price http://thesteki.com/product/amoxicillin/ lowest price on generic amoxicillin http://aawaaart.com/price-of-eli/ price of eli http://davincipictures.com/hydroxychloroquine/ hydroxychloroquine fast shipping usa http://outdoorview.org/haldol/ order haldol online usa http://thehealingheartcenter.org/pill/baycip/ baycip.com glucuronic sample; wards.
Répondre jordan shoes
à 2:35 le 26 mars 2021 
I am only commenting to make you understand what a really good encounter my cousin's daughter encountered browsing your webblog. She learned such a lot of things, which include how it is like to have an ideal helping nature to let the mediocre ones with ease master various specialized matters. You undoubtedly did more than visitors' desires. Thank you for churning out the valuable, safe, explanatory as well as easy guidance on that topic to Sandra.
jordan shoes http://www.airjordansstore.com
Répondre kevin durant
à 2:36 le 26 mars 2021 
I wanted to send you a little bit of note to give many thanks as before for all the extraordinary knowledge you have documented on this page. It is so extremely open-handed with people like you to make unreservedly what a few individuals would've offered for sale for an electronic book in order to make some bucks for themselves, specifically given that you might well have done it if you ever wanted. The solutions in addition worked like the fantastic way to comprehend other people have the identical passion just as my personal own to know the truth great deal more regarding this matter. I think there are several more pleasant opportunities in the future for individuals who discover your site.
kevin durant http://www.kevindurantshoes.us.com
Répondre chrome hearts online
à 2:37 le 26 mars 2021 
I must show my appreciation to you just for bailing me out of this difficulty. Right after exploring throughout the internet and getting proposals which are not helpful, I assumed my life was gone. Living minus the answers to the problems you have fixed through this article is a crucial case, as well as those which could have in a wrong way damaged my entire career if I hadn't encountered your web page. That skills and kindness in taking care of everything was helpful. I don't know what I would have done if I hadn't come upon such a point like this. I am able to at this time relish my future. Thanks a lot very much for this specialized and result oriented help. I will not hesitate to refer your web site to any individual who needs and wants counselling about this issue.
chrome hearts online http://www.chromehearts.com.co
Répondre pg 1
à 2:37 le 26 mars 2021 
I am only commenting to make you know what a magnificent experience my wife's child undergone using your web page. She discovered a wide variety of things, with the inclusion of how it is like to possess an amazing helping nature to have other people smoothly fully grasp chosen complicated matters. You really did more than readers' desires. I appreciate you for providing these invaluable, trusted, revealing as well as unique tips on your topic to Tanya.
pg 1 http://www.paulgeorgeshoes.us.com
Répondre westbrook shoes
à 2:37 le 26 mars 2021 
I want to convey my appreciation for your kindness in support of men and women that should have help on the area. Your very own dedication to passing the message all over became incredibly significant and have continuously empowered folks much like me to realize their goals. Your new warm and helpful key points means so much to me and especially to my office workers. Thank you; from all of us.
westbrook shoes http://www.russellwestbrookshoes.us
Répondre kobe byrant shoes
à 2:48 le 26 mars 2021 
I simply wanted to develop a small note to appreciate you for those superb tactics you are giving on this site. My time consuming internet investigation has now been honored with reasonable concept to go over with my contacts. I 'd tell you that we readers actually are very much lucky to be in a fabulous site with many perfect people with insightful principles. I feel quite fortunate to have seen your website page and look forward to many more amazing moments reading here. Thank you once again for all the details.
kobe byrant shoes http://www.kobe.us.com
Répondre supreme outlet
à 3:29 le 26 mars 2021 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with a very memorable opportunity to check tips from this site. It's always very pleasurable and also packed with a great time for me and my office fellow workers to visit your website the equivalent of three times in a week to find out the latest issues you have. Of course, I am also usually motivated with all the wonderful creative ideas you give. Some 1 tips in this article are undoubtedly the very best we have all had.
supreme outlet http://www.supreme.us.org
Répondre jordan 6
à 3:31 le 26 mars 2021 
I precisely desired to thank you very much all over again. I am not sure what I would've used without the type of tricks revealed by you concerning such a question. Completely was the scary difficulty in my opinion, but viewing a new well-written avenue you treated the issue forced me to leap over gladness. I'm happy for your guidance and even hope you are aware of a powerful job you happen to be carrying out instructing men and women all through your web page. I'm certain you have never met all of us.
jordan 6 http://www.jordan6.us.com
Répondre moncler
à 7:38 le 26 mars 2021 
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with an extraordinarily marvellous possiblity to read critical reviews from this web site. It is always so good and also full of a lot of fun for me and my office acquaintances to search the blog at minimum 3 times in 7 days to study the fresh guidance you have. And lastly, I'm just always fulfilled for the astounding tips and hints you give. Certain 4 tips in this post are ultimately the best we've had.
moncler http://www.monclerjackets.us
Répondre hermes birkin
à 7:39 le 26 mars 2021 
I wish to show some thanks to you just for bailing me out of this particular scenario. As a result of surfing throughout the online world and getting tricks which are not powerful, I was thinking my life was over. Living minus the solutions to the issues you have sorted out as a result of this guide is a crucial case, as well as the ones that might have in a wrong way affected my entire career if I had not noticed your web site. Your main understanding and kindness in dealing with almost everything was invaluable. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't encountered such a solution like this. I am able to at this point relish my future. Thanks a lot very much for your skilled and result oriented help. I will not be reluctant to refer your site to any individual who needs to have guidance on this situation.
hermes birkin http://www.hermesbirkinbags.us.com
Répondre yeezy supply
à 9:10 le 26 mars 2021 
I am also writing to make you know of the nice encounter my daughter encountered viewing your web page. She noticed such a lot of pieces, not to mention how it is like to possess an excellent helping heart to let folks without difficulty know precisely a variety of problematic topics. You actually surpassed our own expectations. Thank you for delivering these interesting, safe, educational as well as unique guidance on this topic to Gloria.
yeezy supply http://www.yeezyshoessupply.com
Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 10:19 le 26 mars 2021 
I am glad for commenting to make you understand of the wonderful discovery my cousin's princess had reading your web site. She even learned a wide variety of things, not to mention how it is like to have an ideal helping mindset to make other folks really easily grasp certain advanced things. You really exceeded our own desires. Thank you for distributing such warm and helpful, trusted, informative and also fun tips on the topic to Gloria.
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrieirving-shoes.us.com
Répondre yeezy supply
à 12:36 le 26 mars 2021 
I simply wanted to type a quick word to say thanks to you for these magnificent facts you are showing at this website. My extensive internet investigation has finally been honored with excellent strategies to share with my great friends. I 'd admit that we site visitors are unequivocally lucky to live in a magnificent place with so many wonderful individuals with helpful basics. I feel really lucky to have seen the webpages and look forward to many more brilliant times reading here. Thanks once more for everything.
yeezy supply http://www.yeezyshoessupply.com
Répondre supreme
à 13:59 le 26 mars 2021 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with remarkably brilliant opportunity to read critical reviews from this website. It is often so pleasurable and also full of fun for me and my office mates to search your web site not less than 3 times in a week to read through the latest guidance you have got. And indeed, I'm just always astounded with your cool hints you give. Selected 3 points on this page are rather the most effective we've had.
supreme http://www.supremeclothingsstore.com
Répondre hermes
à 14:11 le 26 mars 2021 
I want to show appreciation to the writer for rescuing me from this particular trouble. Just after looking throughout the world wide web and getting views which are not powerful, I figured my life was over. Being alive devoid of the strategies to the difficulties you've solved all through this post is a crucial case, and ones that could have badly damaged my career if I hadn't discovered your site. Your primary mastery and kindness in dealing with everything was crucial. I'm not sure what I would have done if I hadn't encountered such a step like this. I'm able to at this point look forward to my future. Thank you so much for this skilled and amazing help. I will not hesitate to endorse your web site to anyone who would like care on this subject.
hermes http://www.hermesonlineshop.com
Répondre jordan 12
à 14:12 le 26 mars 2021 
I precisely desired to thank you so much again. I'm not certain the things I would've done in the absence of the type of smart ideas discussed by you relating to this area. It became an absolute scary crisis in my opinion, nevertheless encountering the very expert mode you treated that took me to cry for joy. I am just happy for the advice and thus have high hopes you comprehend what a great job your are carrying out educating the others by way of your webblog. I am sure you haven't come across all of us.
jordan 12 http://www.jordan12.us.com
0