Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32940 commentaires

Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 10:04 le 18 janvier 2021 
I precisely had to say thanks again. I'm not certain the things that I might have sorted out in the absence of the entire pointers shared by you about that area. Previously it was a real frustrating scenario in my circumstances, nevertheless being able to see a well-written technique you treated that made me to leap for fulfillment. Extremely grateful for the information and thus expect you really know what a powerful job you have been getting into instructing many others through your webpage. Probably you haven't encountered any of us.
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrie6.org
Répondre lebron 16
à 11:19 le 18 janvier 2021 
I am also writing to let you be aware of what a terrific encounter my wife's child obtained studying your web page. She figured out lots of things, not to mention what it is like to possess an ideal helping character to let many people without problems thoroughly grasp several very confusing things. You undoubtedly exceeded our own desires. I appreciate you for distributing those practical, dependable, explanatory and also fun tips about your topic to Tanya.
lebron 16 http://www.lebron16.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 11:26 le 18 janvier 2021 
I am just commenting to make you be aware of what a fabulous encounter my cousin's girl undergone reading through your web site. She discovered a lot of things, including what it's like to have an incredible helping style to get many people without hassle grasp several impossible subject matter. You truly did more than our expectations. Thanks for presenting such warm and helpful, safe, edifying and fun guidance on your topic to Emily.
supreme clothing http://www.supremes-clothing.com
Répondre kevin durant shoes
à 12:49 le 18 janvier 2021 
Thanks so much for providing individuals with remarkably special possiblity to check tips from this web site. It's always very ideal and jam-packed with amusement for me and my office friends to visit your blog not less than thrice every week to study the fresh stuff you have got. And lastly, I'm just at all times satisfied with the surprising creative concepts served by you. Certain 2 facts in this article are in truth the most effective we have all had.
kevin durant shoes http://www.kd12.us.com
Répondre birkin bag
à 14:45 le 18 janvier 2021 
My wife and i were absolutely contented when Raymond managed to complete his investigations from your ideas he got from your very own web pages. It's not at all simplistic to just be giving for free helpful tips men and women could have been making money from. We acknowledge we have the blog owner to appreciate for that. These explanations you have made, the simple site navigation, the friendships you will help to create - it's mostly extraordinary, and it is aiding our son and our family know that this situation is awesome, and that's extremely pressing. Thank you for everything!
birkin bag http://www.hermesbirkinbags.us.com
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 14:46 le 18 janvier 2021 
Thanks so much for giving everyone such a breathtaking chance to check tips from this website. It really is very amazing and jam-packed with amusement for me personally and my office fellow workers to visit the blog on the least three times a week to read the latest issues you will have. And of course, we're at all times impressed for the mind-blowing creative concepts you serve. Selected 4 areas in this post are unquestionably the very best we've ever had.
supreme hoodie http://www.supremehoodies.us
Répondre supreme clothing
à 14:46 le 18 janvier 2021 
I precisely had to thank you so much once again. I am not sure what I would have taken care of without the type of creative ideas provided by you on my concern. Previously it was an absolute frustrating circumstance in my position, but discovering the well-written tactic you dealt with that took me to leap with contentment. Now i am happy for the advice and as well , believe you recognize what a great job that you are providing teaching other individuals via a site. Probably you have never met any of us.
supreme clothing http://www.supremeclothings.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 14:46 le 18 janvier 2021 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with an extremely superb opportunity to read critical reviews from this site. It really is very lovely plus stuffed with amusement for me and my office fellow workers to visit your web site more than three times per week to read through the latest stuff you have got. Not to mention, I'm so usually pleased for the astounding information you give. Certain 1 areas in this post are definitely the most impressive we have all had.
yeezy shoes http://www.shoesyeezy.us
Répondre kobe
à 14:47 le 18 janvier 2021 
My spouse and i got absolutely joyous when Louis managed to complete his preliminary research with the precious recommendations he acquired through your weblog. It is now and again perplexing to simply happen to be giving away secrets which many people have been making money from. Therefore we see we've got the writer to be grateful to for that. The specific illustrations you've made, the easy website navigation, the relationships you will make it easier to foster - it is mostly extraordinary, and it's making our son in addition to our family recognize that this theme is entertaining, and that's rather vital. Thanks for all the pieces!
kobe http://www.kobe.us.com
Répondre pg 1
à 14:47 le 18 janvier 2021 
I'm also commenting to make you know what a amazing encounter our girl went through studying the blog. She realized numerous things, which include how it is like to have a very effective teaching nature to make many people smoothly know certain grueling matters. You truly exceeded people's expectations. Thank you for showing these precious, safe, educational and as well as easy tips on your topic to Julie.
pg 1 http://www.paulgeorgeshoes.us.com
Répondre nike kyrie 5
à 14:47 le 18 janvier 2021 
I'm also commenting to let you understand of the superb discovery my girl enjoyed viewing your webblog. She figured out a good number of pieces, not to mention how it is like to possess an excellent teaching spirit to have others quite simply grasp specified grueling subject areas. You actually exceeded my expectations. Thank you for offering the necessary, trusted, educational and as well as unique tips about your topic to Sandra.
nike kyrie 5 http://www.kyrie5.org
Répondre kyrie 6
à 14:47 le 18 janvier 2021 
I not to mention my friends were checking out the best tactics found on your site and then quickly developed an awful feeling I never expressed respect to the site owner for those tips. The people appeared to be as a result warmed to study all of them and have in effect sincerely been enjoying them. Appreciation for truly being considerably thoughtful as well as for picking some beneficial ideas most people are really needing to know about. My very own honest apologies for not expressing gratitude to you sooner.
kyrie 6 http://www.kyrie-6.com
Répondre curry shoes
à 15:01 le 18 janvier 2021 
I wanted to make a quick message to say thanks to you for all the unique tricks you are placing on this website. My extensive internet research has at the end of the day been honored with wonderful details to write about with my company. I would assume that we visitors actually are very much blessed to live in a useful website with very many lovely people with helpful basics. I feel extremely grateful to have used your weblog and look forward to plenty of more awesome moments reading here. Thanks a lot again for everything.
curry shoes http://www.curry6shoes.us
Répondre golden goose
à 15:17 le 18 janvier 2021 
I and also my guys were found to be examining the excellent secrets and techniques from your website and suddenly developed a horrible feeling I had not thanked the web site owner for those techniques. The people came as a consequence excited to learn them and already have very much been tapping into those things. Appreciation for turning out to be considerably kind as well as for settling on variety of tremendous tips millions of individuals are really wanting to understand about. Our sincere apologies for not expressing appreciation to sooner.
golden goose http://www.golden-gooses.com
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 17:10 le 18 janvier 2021 
I wanted to write down a small note to thank you for these superb tips and tricks you are sharing on this website. My time-consuming internet lookup has at the end of the day been honored with sensible information to go over with my company. I would believe that most of us site visitors actually are very much endowed to live in a superb website with very many perfect individuals with very beneficial suggestions. I feel somewhat grateful to have encountered your entire webpages and look forward to really more enjoyable times reading here. Thank you again for a lot of things.
supreme hoodie http://www.supremeclothings.us.com
Répondre yeezy 700
à 18:06 le 18 janvier 2021 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone an extremely remarkable opportunity to read articles and blog posts from this site. It's always very sweet and as well , full of fun for me personally and my office co-workers to visit the blog at a minimum thrice per week to read the latest guidance you will have. And definitely, I'm so at all times amazed with all the special thoughts you serve. Certain 3 facts on this page are rather the most impressive I've had.
yeezy 700 http://www.yeezy-shoes.us.org
Répondre kd13
à 19:29 le 18 janvier 2021 
I wanted to create you one little bit of word to help thank you very much once again for your remarkable guidelines you have contributed at this time. It's unbelievably generous of you to give unreservedly all that most people would have supplied as an electronic book to generate some money on their own, primarily considering that you might have done it in the event you considered necessary. These solutions in addition acted to provide a good way to comprehend other people have the same fervor just as my own to figure out significantly more with respect to this matter. I know there are several more enjoyable opportunities in the future for individuals who go through your website.
kd13 http://www.kd13shoes.us
Répondre lebron james shoes
à 20:35 le 18 janvier 2021 
I must express appreciation to you just for rescuing me from this particular setting. Just after scouting through the the net and getting concepts which are not pleasant, I assumed my entire life was gone. Living without the answers to the difficulties you have sorted out through this report is a critical case, as well as the kind that would have adversely affected my entire career if I hadn't noticed your blog post. Your own personal competence and kindness in touching everything was important. I'm not sure what I would have done if I hadn't discovered such a step like this. It's possible to at this moment relish my future. Thanks so much for your impressive and effective help. I will not be reluctant to suggest your blog post to any individual who should get direction on this subject.
lebron james shoes http://www.lebron18shoes.us
Répondre curry 5 shoes
à 20:35 le 18 janvier 2021 
Thanks so much for giving everyone an extraordinarily wonderful possiblity to read articles and blog posts from this blog. It's always so superb and full of amusement for me personally and my office peers to search your website at least 3 times per week to read the latest guidance you have got. And lastly, I am always amazed for the breathtaking tips and hints you give. Certain 1 areas in this posting are indeed the simplest we've had.
curry 5 shoes http://www.curry5.us.com
Répondre canada goose outlet
à 20:35 le 18 janvier 2021 
I truly wanted to compose a brief note so as to say thanks to you for these pleasant items you are giving on this website. My particularly long internet lookup has at the end of the day been honored with high-quality content to write about with my company. I would state that that we website visitors actually are really fortunate to live in a fabulous place with many perfect individuals with beneficial ideas. I feel truly lucky to have seen your webpage and look forward to so many more amazing times reading here. Thank you again for all the details.
canada goose outlet http://www.canadagoosesoutlet.us
0