Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32940 commentaires

Répondre canada goose outlet
à 23:59 le 16 janvier 2021 
My spouse and i were quite comfortable Raymond managed to carry out his preliminary research through your ideas he made from your web site. It is now and again perplexing just to find yourself releasing tips and hints that many people might have been selling. And we take into account we now have you to thank for that. The explanations you made, the straightforward blog menu, the friendships your site help to engender - it is mostly exceptional, and it's really leading our son and our family reckon that this topic is pleasurable, which is wonderfully important. Thank you for everything!
canada goose outlet http://www.canadagoosesoutlet.us
Répondre lebron james shoes
à 12:08 le 17 janvier 2021 
I would like to show my appreciation to the writer for bailing me out of such a difficulty. Just after browsing through the search engines and obtaining principles which are not pleasant, I assumed my entire life was well over. Being alive without the solutions to the difficulties you've fixed by means of your article is a serious case, as well as the kind that might have adversely damaged my career if I hadn't encountered the blog. Your personal know-how and kindness in controlling all things was important. I'm not sure what I would've done if I had not come across such a point like this. I'm able to at this point relish my future. Thanks for your time very much for your impressive and sensible guide. I will not be reluctant to propose your blog to any person who needs to have counselling about this subject.
lebron james shoes http://www.lebronjames-shoes.us.com
Répondre nike shox for women
à 12:09 le 17 janvier 2021 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone an exceptionally nice possiblity to read articles and blog posts from this web site. It can be so ideal plus stuffed with a great time for me personally and my office acquaintances to visit your site at the very least three times every week to see the new tips you will have. And indeed, I'm so usually fulfilled with your surprising thoughts served by you. Some two facts in this posting are easily the finest we have had.
nike shox for women http://www.nike-shox.us.com
Répondre golden goose shoes
à 13:27 le 17 janvier 2021 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone a very superb chance to read from this blog. It is usually so ideal and as well , jam-packed with a great time for me and my office acquaintances to visit your site at minimum 3 times in 7 days to read through the fresh tips you will have. And indeed, I am just actually impressed with your fabulous tactics you give. Selected two facts in this posting are unequivocally the simplest I've had.
golden goose shoes http://www.goldengoose-shoes.us.com
Répondre kd 12
à 14:00 le 17 janvier 2021 
I want to express my affection for your kind-heartedness giving support to people that really need assistance with in this concern. Your special commitment to passing the message around appeared to be definitely insightful and has truly enabled women much like me to reach their objectives. Your entire helpful facts means this much to me and especially to my office workers. Regards; from all of us.
kd 12 http://www.kd12.org
Répondre jordan shoes
à 14:56 le 17 janvier 2021 
I want to express thanks to this writer for bailing me out of such a trouble. Just after exploring throughout the world-wide-web and getting views that were not beneficial, I figured my entire life was gone. Existing devoid of the approaches to the difficulties you have resolved by means of your entire guideline is a critical case, as well as the kind that could have in a negative way affected my entire career if I hadn't come across the website. Your own personal mastery and kindness in handling every aspect was excellent. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not discovered such a stuff like this. I'm able to now look forward to my future. Thanks so much for this impressive and results-oriented guide. I will not think twice to recommend your web site to anybody who will need guidance about this issue.
jordan shoes http://www.michaeljordanshoes.us.com
Répondre adidas yeezy
à 15:59 le 17 janvier 2021 
My spouse and i felt so glad that Edward managed to carry out his web research through your precious recommendations he gained in your web site. It's not at all simplistic to simply be freely giving facts which often others may have been selling. And we realize we need you to thank for that. The main explanations you made, the straightforward blog menu, the relationships your site aid to engender - it is all astounding, and it is helping our son and our family do think this idea is fun, and that is tremendously serious. Thanks for everything!
adidas yeezy http://www.yeezyadidas.us
Répondre longchamp
à 17:40 le 17 janvier 2021 
Thank you for all of your hard work on this site. My niece really loves setting aside time for research and it's really simple to grasp why. A lot of people notice all relating to the dynamic means you render very useful tips by means of this web site and as well as strongly encourage response from other individuals about this situation while our favorite princess is without a doubt discovering a whole lot. Take advantage of the rest of the new year. Your doing a great job.
longchamp http://www.longchampoutlets.us
Répondre curry shoes
à 18:52 le 17 janvier 2021 
I needed to put you the tiny note to finally thank you so much the moment again for the splendid strategies you have shared on this site. It's so open-handed of people like you to convey freely all numerous people might have offered for sale for an e book in order to make some bucks for their own end, most notably now that you could possibly have tried it if you ever wanted. These techniques likewise worked to provide a good way to recognize that most people have the same passion just as my personal own to grasp many more concerning this matter. I know there are several more fun moments ahead for individuals who find out your site.
curry shoes http://www.curryshoes.net
Répondre nike kyrie 5
à 19:50 le 17 janvier 2021 
I enjoy you because of every one of your efforts on this website. My mother enjoys engaging in investigation and it is easy to see why. We all hear all of the lively ways you make useful items on this blog and as well attract response from other ones about this area of interest plus our own princess is in fact studying so much. Enjoy the rest of the new year. You're performing a remarkable job.
nike kyrie 5 http://www.kyrie5.org
Répondre air jordan
à 19:50 le 17 janvier 2021 
I simply needed to thank you so much once again. I'm not certain the things I could possibly have handled in the absence of those solutions discussed by you concerning that concern. It seemed to be an absolute scary matter for me, but spending time with the very well-written approach you solved it made me to cry over fulfillment. Now i'm happy for the assistance and hope you realize what a powerful job your are carrying out instructing people by way of a blog. More than likely you haven't met any of us.
air jordan http://www.jordanstoreonline.com
Répondre jordan 4
à 19:50 le 17 janvier 2021 
I wanted to send you that little remark to say thank you over again for all the remarkable advice you've contributed here. It is so extremely open-handed of you giving unhampered what exactly a few people would've distributed as an ebook to help with making some profit for themselves, especially now that you could have tried it if you decided. These principles additionally served as a good way to realize that other people have similar zeal the same as my personal own to learn a whole lot more in respect of this problem. I think there are several more enjoyable times up front for individuals that see your website.
jordan 4 http://www.jordan4.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 500
à 19:52 le 17 janvier 2021 
I precisely needed to say thanks again. I'm not certain what I would've taken care of in the absence of those points shared by you relating to such subject. It actually was an absolute traumatic crisis in my position, however , considering your expert fashion you treated it took me to jump with happiness. I am just thankful for your assistance and then hope that you really know what a great job you're putting in educating other individuals through the use of your websites. Probably you've never got to know all of us.
yeezy boost 500 http://www.yeezy-500.us.com
Répondre kenzo
à 19:52 le 17 janvier 2021 
A lot of thanks for all of the hard work on this website. Ellie delights in engaging in research and it is easy to understand why. Most people know all concerning the lively form you make precious thoughts via your web site and even cause contribution from other people on that area so my child is undoubtedly understanding a great deal. Take advantage of the rest of the year. You are always performing a brilliant job.
kenzo http://www.kenzoclothing.us
Répondre adidas yeezy
à 19:52 le 17 janvier 2021 
I and my friends were studying the good tips and hints located on your web site and then then I had an awful feeling I never expressed respect to the website owner for those techniques. All of the young boys appeared to be as a consequence passionate to read them and have extremely been having fun with those things. Appreciate your actually being indeed considerate and for considering this form of magnificent useful guides millions of individuals are really desirous to know about. Our honest apologies for not expressing appreciation to you earlier.
adidas yeezy http://www.yeezyshoessupply.com
Répondre curry shoes
à 19:52 le 17 janvier 2021 
I am only writing to let you know of the cool experience my wife's child obtained browsing the blog. She even learned plenty of issues, most notably what it is like to have an ideal coaching character to get other folks without hassle completely grasp specific impossible things. You undoubtedly did more than readers' expectations. Thank you for supplying such invaluable, dependable, revealing and as well as fun tips about the topic to Gloria.
curry shoes http://www.curry8.us
Répondre kobe shoes
à 21:46 le 17 janvier 2021 
Thank you for each of your effort on this blog. My aunt really likes doing internet research and it is easy to understand why. We know all regarding the compelling means you produce informative things on your website and as well attract participation from others about this content and my daughter is being taught a lot of things. Have fun with the rest of the new year. You have been carrying out a powerful job.
kobe shoes http://www.kobe.us.com
Répondre off white jordan 1
à 0:52 le 18 janvier 2021 
I simply wanted to thank you very much again. I'm not certain the things I would've worked on without the actual hints revealed by you concerning such situation. It seemed to be a real frightful difficulty in my view, but coming across your specialized technique you dealt with it took me to weep over contentment. I'm just grateful for the support and then have high hopes you realize what a great job that you're undertaking training other individuals through the use of a site. I am certain you have never met all of us.
off white jordan 1 http://www.offwhite.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost
à 1:44 le 18 janvier 2021 
Thank you a lot for giving everyone an exceptionally wonderful opportunity to read in detail from this blog. It's always very pleasing and as well , stuffed with a good time for me personally and my office acquaintances to visit your blog not less than three times per week to read through the fresh tips you have got. And definitely, we are at all times motivated considering the very good tactics served by you. Selected 2 tips on this page are in truth the best we've had.
yeezy boost http://www.yeezy-boost.com
Répondre moncler
à 3:36 le 18 janvier 2021 
I have to express my love for your generosity for those individuals that have the need for help on this content. Your very own commitment to passing the message around appeared to be wonderfully functional and has all the time enabled professionals just like me to attain their aims. Your amazing invaluable tutorial indicates a lot a person like me and additionally to my fellow workers. With thanks; from all of us.
moncler http://www.monclerjackets.us
0