Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32940 commentaires

Répondre jordan 13
à 4:13 le 14 janvier 2021 
Thanks for all your effort on this web page. My mum loves working on investigation and it's really simple to grasp why. Almost all notice all relating to the powerful way you offer important thoughts via the web blog and as well as invigorate participation from the others on that point and our simple princess is certainly understanding a great deal. Have fun with the rest of the new year. You have been carrying out a powerful job.
jordan 13 http://www.jordan13.us.com
Répondre golden goose
à 4:31 le 14 janvier 2021 
My husband and i were so ecstatic when Peter managed to do his web research through the entire ideas he made from your own site. It is now and again perplexing just to happen to be giving out hints that the rest might have been trying to sell. So we fully understand we now have you to thank for that. These explanations you've made, the easy site menu, the friendships you can help engender - it's everything wonderful, and it's really making our son and our family reckon that this matter is fun, which is certainly unbelievably vital. Thanks for everything!
golden goose http://www.goldengoosesonline.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 4:32 le 14 janvier 2021 
I and also my pals were found to be checking the great ideas on the blog and instantly got a terrible suspicion I had not expressed respect to the blog owner for those strategies. The ladies were definitely for this reason glad to see all of them and have in effect absolutely been enjoying these things. Many thanks for truly being so kind as well as for utilizing this kind of excellent ideas millions of individuals are really eager to be aware of. Our own honest apologies for not expressing appreciation to earlier.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezyshoes.in.net
Répondre kyrie 7
à 4:32 le 14 janvier 2021 
I intended to post you this little bit of note to finally thank you very much once again for those lovely tactics you have documented at this time. It's really unbelievably generous of people like you to offer easily exactly what numerous people would have sold as an electronic book to earn some money for their own end, even more so seeing that you might have tried it in the event you considered necessary. These suggestions in addition acted to be the easy way to fully grasp that the rest have the same dream just like mine to learn lots more in terms of this condition. I'm sure there are thousands of more pleasant opportunities ahead for those who check out your website.
kyrie 7 http://www.kyrie7shoes.us
Répondre longchamp
à 4:32 le 14 janvier 2021 
Thanks a lot for giving everyone an extraordinarily wonderful possiblity to check tips from this web site. It's usually very ideal and full of a great time for me personally and my office acquaintances to search your site the equivalent of three times every week to read through the new things you have. And definitely, I am also always fascinated with the wonderful tricks you give. Some 1 tips in this post are easily the most beneficial we have had.
longchamp http://www.longchampshandbags.us.org
Répondre supreme hoodie
à 4:32 le 14 janvier 2021 
I simply wanted to make a word so as to thank you for all the precious advice you are showing on this website. My long internet lookup has at the end been paid with brilliant strategies to exchange with my best friends. I 'd tell you that many of us website visitors actually are undoubtedly endowed to live in a good site with many marvellous professionals with great advice. I feel somewhat happy to have encountered your entire website page and look forward to tons of more fabulous times reading here. Thank you once more for a lot of things.
supreme hoodie http://www.supremes-clothing.com
Répondre lebron 17
à 4:33 le 14 janvier 2021 
I just wanted to construct a small remark to be able to say thanks to you for all of the lovely tricks you are showing here. My time-consuming internet look up has at the end of the day been rewarded with useful strategies to go over with my family members. I would believe that most of us website visitors actually are truly fortunate to exist in a notable site with many perfect individuals with beneficial tips. I feel very grateful to have seen your web pages and look forward to so many more excellent moments reading here. Thanks again for a lot of things.
lebron 17 http://www.lebron17s.us
Répondre jordan shoes
à 4:33 le 14 janvier 2021 
I wanted to put you that little observation so as to thank you so much once again with your breathtaking basics you have shared above. This is seriously generous with people like you to provide publicly all that a number of us could have offered for an e-book in making some profit for themselves, and in particular now that you could have tried it if you ever decided. Those basics additionally worked to become a great way to be certain that other people online have a similar fervor just like my personal own to know the truth somewhat more when considering this matter. I know there are lots of more enjoyable instances up front for folks who looked at your blog post.
jordan shoes http://www.shoesjordan.us.com
Répondre yeezy 380
à 4:55 le 14 janvier 2021 
I wanted to put you that very small word so as to give many thanks the moment again regarding the gorgeous tricks you've shared on this site. This is particularly open-handed of people like you to present unhampered precisely what many people might have made available as an electronic book to earn some profit for their own end, chiefly since you could possibly have done it in case you desired. Those smart ideas also acted to be a great way to understand that some people have a similar desire similar to my personal own to realize a good deal more in terms of this matter. Certainly there are millions of more pleasurable times up front for people who looked over your site.
yeezy 380 http://www.yeezyboost380.us
Répondre hermes
à 5:39 le 14 janvier 2021 
Needed to compose you one little word to help give thanks as before just for the spectacular concepts you have contributed above. It was certainly surprisingly generous with you to grant unreservedly all most people would have advertised for an ebook to help make some bucks for their own end, especially seeing that you could have done it in the event you desired. These smart ideas likewise worked to become a great way to understand that many people have the same keenness the same as mine to realize more with reference to this matter. I know there are lots of more fun sessions in the future for individuals that discover your blog post.
hermes http://www.hermesonlineshop.com
Répondre golden goose
à 5:41 le 14 janvier 2021 
I enjoy you because of your whole efforts on this site. My mother really likes working on investigations and it is simple to grasp why. A number of us learn all about the compelling mode you render reliable things through this website and even encourage contribution from website visitors on this concept while our own girl is now becoming educated so much. Take pleasure in the remaining portion of the year. You're the one carrying out a wonderful job.
golden goose http://www.goldengoosessale.com
Répondre yeezy supply
à 6:01 le 14 janvier 2021 
I must express my respect for your kind-heartedness supporting men and women that really need guidance on this important concept. Your very own dedication to getting the message along ended up being astonishingly significant and has really made women much like me to reach their targets. Your amazing interesting recommendations can mean this much a person like me and further more to my peers. Thanks a ton; from each one of us.
yeezy supply http://www.supplyyeezy.us
Répondre pandora
à 6:30 le 14 janvier 2021 
I precisely desired to thank you so much once more. I'm not certain the things I could possibly have taken care of without the type of smart ideas shared by you directly on my theme. Certainly was an absolute depressing dilemma in my opinion, however , looking at a well-written tactic you processed that took me to jump with gladness. I am just grateful for your service and even expect you recognize what an amazing job you happen to be putting in educating most people all through a web site. More than likely you've never got to know all of us.
pandora http://www.pandora-jewelrys.us.com
Répondre off-white
à 6:38 le 14 janvier 2021 
My husband and i felt quite joyous that Louis could deal with his analysis via the ideas he grabbed while using the weblog. It's not at all simplistic to simply always be giving out helpful tips others have been trying to sell. And now we recognize we need you to appreciate for that. The specific explanations you've made, the easy blog navigation, the friendships you will assist to promote - it's mostly fabulous, and it's really facilitating our son and our family reason why that situation is fun, and that is highly serious. Thank you for all the pieces!
off-white http://www.off--white.us.com
Répondre jordan shoes
à 7:15 le 14 janvier 2021 
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with a very remarkable possiblity to discover important secrets from this web site. It can be very great plus jam-packed with a lot of fun for me personally and my office fellow workers to visit your blog really thrice per week to find out the new stuff you have. And definitely, I'm certainly motivated concerning the very good creative ideas you serve. Certain 3 facts on this page are absolutely the most efficient I have had.
jordan shoes http://www.jordan6.us.com
Répondre yeezy 350
à 7:28 le 14 janvier 2021 
I have to convey my affection for your kindness in support of persons that must have help with in this question. Your special dedication to getting the message across became extraordinarily useful and have in most cases permitted those like me to attain their pursuits. Your entire warm and friendly instruction indicates much a person like me and especially to my office colleagues. Thanks a lot; from each one of us.
yeezy 350 http://www.yeezy350boostv2s.us
Répondre supreme new york
à 7:40 le 14 janvier 2021 
I wish to show my affection for your kind-heartedness for persons who require help with your issue. Your personal dedication to passing the solution across appeared to be exceptionally practical and has all the time helped regular people just like me to achieve their goals. This warm and helpful guideline indicates a whole lot a person like me and even further to my fellow workers. Thanks a ton; from each one of us.
supreme new york http://www.supremeclothingstore.com
Répondre kd 12
à 7:40 le 14 janvier 2021 
My spouse and i ended up being peaceful Louis managed to deal with his survey out of the precious recommendations he got in your site. It is now and again perplexing just to possibly be freely giving solutions that a number of people might have been making money from. So we consider we have got the blog owner to give thanks to because of that. All of the illustrations you have made, the easy blog menu, the relationships you help to promote - it is mostly incredible, and it's really making our son and the family recognize that the issue is interesting, and that is highly important. Thank you for all the pieces!
kd 12 http://www.kd12.org
Répondre goyard handbags
à 7:40 le 14 janvier 2021 
I intended to put you one bit of remark to be able to say thanks as before with the gorgeous suggestions you have shared on this site. It's certainly wonderfully open-handed of you to offer without restraint what exactly numerous people would've sold as an ebook to help with making some dough on their own, primarily considering that you could have tried it in the event you desired. Those advice as well served to become a easy way to fully grasp most people have a similar dream similar to my very own to understand somewhat more with regards to this issue. I know there are lots of more enjoyable periods ahead for individuals that looked at your website.
goyard handbags http://www.goyardhandbag.us
Répondre curry 7 shoes
à 7:40 le 14 janvier 2021 
I wish to show my gratitude for your generosity supporting individuals who really want help on the area. Your special dedication to passing the message throughout became especially effective and has in every case helped some individuals just like me to realize their desired goals. Your personal warm and helpful guideline signifies a great deal to me and additionally to my peers. Thanks a lot; from each one of us.
curry 7 shoes http://www.curry7shoes.us
0