Blog

Blog

Comment traiter et appréhender la dysphasie ?

Publié le 6 juillet 2017 à 0:45

Trouble sévère, spécifique et primitif du développement du langage oral. C’est un trouble structurel, c’est à dire que le langage s’établit avec du retard mais aussi de façon déviante (il ne suit pas l’évolution classique d’acquisition du langage d’un jeune enfant). Enfin c’est un trouble durable qui perdure bien après 6 ans et laisse souvent des séquelles (répercussions au niveau du langage écrit).

Comme pour les autres dys, le diagnostic se fait par exclusion. Différentes pathologies doivent être éliminées :

un déficit auditif

une malformation des organes phonatoires

une déficience intellectuelle

un trouble envahissant du développement

une carence éducative ou affective importante

Avant 5/6 ans, il est difficile de distinguer une dysphasie d’un retard de langage.

Dans le cas du retard de langage, le langage se développe lentement mais normalement. Un suivi orthophonique permet la plupart du temps de rapides progrès. C’est un trouble fonctionnel.

En cas de dysphasie nous sommes face à un trouble durable et PRIMAIRE. Ce sont les structures cérébrales mises en jeu lors du traitement de l’information langagière qui sont atteintes. Cela entraîne des difficultés d’expression et de compréhension du langage oral. Les enfants atteints peuvent ne pas comprendre ce qui leur est dit mais aussi avoir du mal à formuler ce qu’ils veulent dire (même s’ils disposent du vocabulaire appropriés).

Il est possible de distinguer plusieurs troubles spécifiques de la dysphasie :

-trouble de l’évocation lexicale: L’enfant cherche ses mots, manifeste une lenteur d’évocation. Il y a un temps de latence avant qu’il parle, un décalage.

-trouble de l’encodage syntaxique: Ce sont les phrases qui sont difficiles à formuler. La syntaxe est désorganisée, il manque des pronoms, des articles, des mots de liaison.

-trouble de la compréhension: le contenu du langage en réception est difficilement analysé.

-trouble de l’informativité: L’enfant va préférer utiliser d’autres moyens que le langage oral déficient pour se faire comprendre : il mime, adopte une gestuelle personnelle par ex.

-Dissociation automatico-volontaire: C’est une difficulté phonologique et praxique (sphère bucco-faciale). l’élève ne parvient pas à répéter les sons ou les mots par ex.

Concrètement quelles difficultés peuvent être repérées ?

Le diagnostic de dysphasie est assez long. Il nécessite la consultation et l’avis de plusieurs spécialistes : orthophoniste, médecin, psychologue, neuropsychologue ou neuropédiatre.

Les enfants dysphasiques sont souvent excellents dans toutes les activités où le langage n’est pas en jeu comme la géométrie.

Difficultés linguistiques :

pour parler, formuler des phrases

emploi de l’infinitif (pas d’inflexions verbales ni adjectivales)

échanges laborieux, peu fluides (manque de mots, latences…;)

pour manier les pronoms

pour employer les connecteurs (donc, alors, puis…;)

pour mettre en ordre les mots

pour respecter les règles de communication

pour nommer les mots nombres, les transcoder

pour comprendre les énoncés, les consignes

Difficultés phonologiques :

pour discriminer les sons proches

pour encoder

dysorthographie

pour contrôler ses productions

Difficultés cognitives :

pour se repérer dans le temps

pour comprendre ce qui n’est concret (les métaphores etc..)

pour mémoriser les éléments entendus à court terme

pour planifier, anticiper, maintenir ses objectifs

pour stabiliser ses acquis

Comment les aider à apprendre et créer des conditions d’accès aux apprentissages en adéquation avec leurs potentialités ?

Une fois les difficultés clairement identifiées et diagnostiquées par un spécialiste voici quelques pistes d’aménagement possible pour aider l’élève à compenser et à mieux accepter ses troubles.

D’une manière générale, ces enfants ont des difficultés de mémorisation auditive donc :

Eviter de lui proposer d’apprendre des poésies ou de répéter des leçons. Ils retiendront mieux : les dessins, les schémas simples (cartes heuristiques personnelles..).

Ne pas les faire répéter mais les aider à préciser leurs pensées (en reformulant à leur place, en leur donnant le vocabulaire qui leur manque). On peut aussi pratiquer l’ébauche orale : lui fournir la première syllabe du mot qui lui manque.

Contrôler le bruit ambiant

S’assurer du contact visuel et physique : poser une main sur son épaule en soutenant son regard…

Préférer les phrases courtes et simples.

Parler lentement en exagérant légèrement l’articulation.

Ne donner qu’une consigne à la fois.

Utiliser les pictogrammes plutôt que les mots pour les consignes.

Proposer prioritairement des QCM.

Apprendre à l’élève à respecter son tour de parole (bâton de parole par ex) tout en restant bienveillant car il leur faut parfois de longues minutes pour élaborer mentalement une réponse et ils peuvent être débordés par leurs émotions et vouloir intervenir dès qu’elle est prête.

Informer (avec accord de l’élève et de ses parents) les autres élèves des difficultés de l’enfant dysphasique pour éviter l’isolement.

Aménagements spécifique liés à l’apprentissage de la lecture /écriture:

Se servir des gestes Borel-Maisonny, de la méthode raconte-moi les sons

Favoriser l’apprentissage haptique des lettres (toucher)

Ne pas retarder l’entrée Au CP : l’écrit permet d’enrichir le langage oral et de fixer le vocabulaire. L’enfant comprend mieux la représentation graphique de la structure phonémique de la parole et peut s’y appuyer pour structurer son langage oral.

Entrainer à la conscience phonologique quotidiennement

Développer le champ sémantique : proposer des exercices de catégorisation, d’expansion.



Catégories : Aucun

Publier un commentaire

Oups !

Oops, you forgot something.

Oups !

Les mots que vous avez saisis ne correspondent pas au texte affiché. Veuillez réessayer.

32940 commentaires

Répondre balenciaga
à 4:44 le 13 janvier 2021 
Thank you for all your valuable hard work on this web site. My daughter loves getting into investigation and it's obvious why. Many of us notice all regarding the dynamic ways you present very useful strategies through the web blog and foster contribution from people on that concern plus our own child has always been learning a lot. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the year. You are performing a remarkable job.
balenciaga http://www.balenciagasus.com
Répondre yeezy
à 4:45 le 13 janvier 2021 
Thanks so much for giving everyone a very wonderful possiblity to read articles and blog posts from this blog. It is often so nice and jam-packed with amusement for me personally and my office mates to search the blog at the least 3 times in a week to find out the new guides you will have. And of course, I'm just usually happy with all the breathtaking knowledge served by you. Certain 1 points on this page are honestly the simplest I have had.
yeezy http://www.yeezy-boost.com
Répondre lebron james shoes
à 4:45 le 13 janvier 2021 
Thank you so much for providing individuals with a very pleasant chance to read articles and blog posts from this blog. It can be very enjoyable and also packed with fun for me and my office friends to visit your site at the very least 3 times every week to find out the fresh guidance you have. Of course, I'm also actually contented concerning the special principles you serve. Selected 2 points in this posting are in fact the simplest we have ever had.
lebron james shoes http://www.lebron18.us
Répondre canada goose jacket
à 4:45 le 13 janvier 2021 
I'm just commenting to make you understand what a helpful discovery my friend's daughter went through checking your webblog. She learned some things, which include how it is like to have an awesome helping style to get other individuals effortlessly fully grasp certain complicated issues. You truly did more than readers' expectations. Thanks for delivering these good, dependable, explanatory as well as cool tips about that topic to Janet.
canada goose jacket http://www.canadagooses-outlet.us.com
Répondre yeezy boost 350 v2
à 4:46 le 13 janvier 2021 
I want to show my appreciation to you just for bailing me out of this particular matter. Because of exploring throughout the internet and meeting principles which were not powerful, I believed my entire life was well over. Being alive without the presence of answers to the problems you've solved all through this article content is a serious case, as well as the ones which may have adversely damaged my career if I hadn't noticed your web page. Your personal training and kindness in playing with everything was valuable. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn't discovered such a subject like this. It's possible to at this moment look forward to my future. Thanks so much for the high quality and effective help. I won't think twice to recommend your web blog to anyone who should have recommendations about this situation.
yeezy boost 350 v2 http://www.yeezyboost350v2s.us
Répondre yeezy boost 350
à 4:55 le 13 janvier 2021 
I simply wanted to post a simple message so as to express gratitude to you for these magnificent facts you are showing at this site. My incredibly long internet look up has at the end of the day been recognized with professional strategies to exchange with my close friends. I 'd mention that many of us visitors actually are very fortunate to dwell in a remarkable website with so many lovely professionals with beneficial tips and hints. I feel very much happy to have seen the website and look forward to many more fabulous times reading here. Thanks once more for everything.
yeezy boost 350 http://www.yeezy-350.us.com
Répondre yeezy 700
à 4:56 le 13 janvier 2021 
I truly wanted to write a brief note to appreciate you for all the great tips and tricks you are showing on this site. My time intensive internet investigation has at the end of the day been paid with brilliant facts and strategies to write about with my company. I 'd suppose that we site visitors actually are really fortunate to be in a really good network with many lovely individuals with interesting points. I feel really lucky to have seen your entire site and look forward to some more enjoyable times reading here. Thanks once again for everything.
yeezy 700 http://www.yeezys700.com
Répondre nike kyrie 5
à 4:57 le 13 janvier 2021 
Needed to draft you this very little observation to say thanks once again for your stunning pointers you've shared in this article. It was really strangely open-handed of people like you to allow without restraint exactly what a number of us could possibly have offered for sale as an e book to help with making some cash for themselves, primarily given that you could possibly have tried it if you ever considered necessary. The tactics in addition served to be the great way to understand that other individuals have similar passion much like mine to find out significantly more with respect to this matter. Certainly there are thousands of more enjoyable times up front for individuals that find out your site.
nike kyrie 5 http://www.kyrie5.org
Répondre golden goose shoes
à 5:07 le 13 janvier 2021 
I would like to express my appreciation to this writer just for rescuing me from such a circumstance. Because of searching through the world-wide-web and finding methods which are not helpful, I assumed my entire life was over. Living devoid of the strategies to the issues you have resolved by means of your good blog post is a serious case, and the kind that could have negatively affected my career if I had not come across the blog. Your training and kindness in controlling the whole thing was important. I don't know what I would have done if I hadn't encountered such a solution like this. It's possible to now look ahead to my future. Thanks very much for the high quality and result oriented help. I will not think twice to recommend the sites to anyone who wants and needs recommendations about this problem.
golden goose shoes http://www.goldengoose-shoes.us.com
Répondre kd 12
à 5:09 le 13 janvier 2021 
Thank you so much for giving everyone an extraordinarily special possiblity to read critical reviews from this site. It's usually very excellent plus full of a lot of fun for me and my office mates to search your site minimum 3 times in one week to read through the newest items you will have. Of course, I am also always fascinated considering the mind-boggling hints served by you. Selected two facts in this posting are unequivocally the finest I have had.
kd 12 http://www.kd12.us.com
Répondre yeezy shoes
à 5:45 le 13 janvier 2021 
I would like to show my respect for your kind-heartedness for persons who need help with that area of interest. Your special dedication to passing the message around was wonderfully good and has regularly helped women just like me to realize their aims. Your amazing interesting help implies a lot to me and substantially more to my office colleagues. Thanks a ton; from each one of us.
yeezy shoes http://www.yeezyshoessupply.com
Répondre pandora jewelry
à 6:23 le 13 janvier 2021 
I would like to voice my gratitude for your generosity giving support to persons that actually need assistance with this one subject matter. Your real commitment to passing the message around was quite interesting and has constantly encouraged many people like me to reach their dreams. The informative help indicates a great deal a person like me and extremely more to my fellow workers. Best wishes; from each one of us.
pandora jewelry http://www.pandorascharms.us
Répondre curry shoes
à 6:24 le 13 janvier 2021 
I happen to be writing to make you understand what a really good discovery our daughter gained checking your web page. She learned some things, most notably how it is like to possess a great giving spirit to let the rest with no trouble thoroughly grasp selected multifaceted issues. You truly surpassed our own expected results. Thanks for imparting such priceless, trusted, educational and even cool tips on this topic to Evelyn.
curry shoes http://www.curryshoes.net
Répondre golden goose outlet
à 6:46 le 13 janvier 2021 
A lot of thanks for all of the work on this blog. My niece really loves carrying out investigation and it's easy to see why. Almost all notice all relating to the powerful mode you give important tips and tricks by means of the web site and increase participation from others on the matter then our own daughter is undoubtedly discovering a whole lot. Enjoy the remaining portion of the year. You are always conducting a superb job.
golden goose outlet http://www.goldengooseoutlets.us
Répondre jordan 12
à 6:58 le 13 janvier 2021 
I together with my buddies have already been examining the best secrets found on your website while quickly developed a terrible suspicion I never thanked the website owner for those techniques. All of the guys were definitely consequently stimulated to see them and have in effect truly been making the most of them. Many thanks for being indeed accommodating as well as for deciding upon some very good subject matter millions of individuals are really desirous to discover. My very own sincere apologies for not saying thanks to you sooner.
jordan 12 http://www.jordan12.us.com
Répondre curry
à 7:27 le 13 janvier 2021 
My wife and i felt quite cheerful John managed to deal with his research through your ideas he acquired from your own blog. It's not at all simplistic to just continually be releasing ideas which often the rest have been making money from. And we also consider we've got you to thank for that. All of the illustrations you made, the straightforward web site navigation, the relationships you make it easier to create - it is mostly impressive, and it's leading our son and our family feel that that subject matter is exciting, which is certainly truly pressing. Many thanks for the whole lot!
curry http://www.curryshoes.us.com
Répondre off white nike
à 8:35 le 13 janvier 2021 
I happen to be writing to make you understand what a notable discovery my friend's princess encountered browsing your web page. She came to find numerous things, not to mention what it is like to have an amazing teaching character to make the others without problems master various impossible matters. You actually surpassed our own desires. Thanks for supplying those productive, healthy, explanatory and as well as unique tips about that topic to Mary.
off white nike http://www.offwhite.us.com
Répondre kyrie irving shoes
à 8:57 le 13 janvier 2021 
I intended to post you that very small note just to give thanks again for these lovely guidelines you have documented above. It was strangely open-handed of people like you giving openly just what a number of us would've offered for sale for an ebook to get some dough for their own end, particularly since you might well have tried it if you ever considered necessary. Those advice additionally served to become great way to comprehend other people online have the same desire similar to my own to grasp good deal more on the subject of this condition. I'm certain there are a lot more enjoyable sessions in the future for individuals who find out your website.
kyrie irving shoes http://www.kyrieirvingshoes.us.com
Répondre kenzo
à 9:02 le 13 janvier 2021 
I and my guys were found to be examining the great tips and hints on your web blog while unexpectedly got an awful feeling I never expressed respect to you for those secrets. The women had been joyful to study all of them and now have surely been having fun with these things. We appreciate you genuinely very kind and for settling on this kind of awesome issues millions of individuals are really needing to know about. My personal sincere regret for not expressing appreciation to you earlier.
kenzo http://www.kenzos.us
Répondre kd shoes
à 9:20 le 13 janvier 2021 
I just wanted to construct a quick message in order to thank you for these stunning tips you are giving out on this website. My time consuming internet investigation has at the end of the day been honored with useful details to talk about with my classmates and friends. I 'd admit that most of us readers actually are unquestionably endowed to live in a remarkable website with so many lovely professionals with interesting things. I feel quite happy to have encountered the web site and look forward to plenty of more brilliant minutes reading here. Thanks again for a lot of things.
kd shoes http://www.kevindurant-shoes.us.com
0